高考英语总复习(练习)：专题2第6讲介词、介词短语.pdf

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1、第六讲介词、介词短语掌握介词的基本意义，轻松应考示之以范 _ 原则这样运用1(2017全国卷)This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)_ a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.as 解析：此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”，

2、故填as“作为”。2(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat _their hands.with 解析：with“用(工具)”，符合句意。3(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.for 解析：“for 一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。4(2015全国卷)Instead，I d headed stra

3、ight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it s only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.by 解析：乘坐交通工具常用by 加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车”。5(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself,I realize of how fast time flies._ 去掉第二个of 解析：realize是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，of 多余。6(2017广东七校第二次

4、联考)In October 1st,I went to Tian anmen Square with my parents,where we watched the flag-raising ceremony._ In On解析：考查介词。介词on 表示在具体的某一天。通关点击 _ 原则这样解读1at,in,on表示时间(1)at表示某一时刻at 12：00(在 12 点)，at noon(在中午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黄昏)。(2)

5、in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间in the 1980s/1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening。(3)on 用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)on October 1st,on a rainy day,on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。2by,before,after,until/till,during,within表示时间(1)by 指“到时(为止)”(2)before“在以前”(3)after“在后

6、”(4)until/till指“直到为止”(5)during“在期间”(6)within“在之内”He often falls asleep during the class,which makes his teacher very angry.他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。3between,among 表示“在之间”between 指“在之间(两者之间)”，常和 and 连用；among表示“在之间(三者或三者以上)”。Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.保持亲密的师生关系。4by,in,on,with表示

7、“使用工具、手段、方式等”(1)by 表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通过方式”；(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词；(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship go to school on my bike,on foot Her parents always talk to her in German.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。5about,on表示

8、“关于”about 多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形，on 多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的，有时两者可通用。He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。6from,since表示时间(1)from表示开始的时间，译为“从开始”，多用于“from.to/till”结构中；(2)since表示“自以后，从以来”。We work from Monday to Friday every week.我们每周从周一工作到周五。I haven t heard fr

9、om him since last year.自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。7with的常见用法(表示关系)和一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示原因)由于，因为。Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？The small child trembled with fear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。8for的用法表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就而言”。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of pu

10、blic education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。9without的用法表示“没有，缺乏；不和在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。It is a pity that David is away on business.Anyhow,youve got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。10 against的用法(表示方位)倚靠着；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景。An agreement seems to be impossible beca

11、use the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。11 beyond 的用法(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。介词用法不算难，固定搭配记心间 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用1(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our task s

12、in the morning than we are later in the day.on 解析：be focused on意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。2(2016天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject.to 解析：give voice to意为“表达，吐露，发泄”，为固定短语。3(2016天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at workI m always too bus

13、y to carry _ a conversation with her.on 解析：carry on“继续进行，从事”，为固定短语。4(2017昆明质量检测)A lack _ water can lead to health problems such as headaches,poor physical performance,and even more serious problems.of 解析：考查固定搭配。a lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺乏”。5(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a sho

14、rt period of time._ dreams 后加 of 解析：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定用法。6(2017福建福州八中高三质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation,can we go beyond ourselves._ with to解析：attach importance to意为“重视”，为固定搭配。通关点击 _ 原则这样解读1名词与介词搭配by accident 偶然by chance 碰巧on board 在

15、船上(或飞机上、火车上)on business 因公出差on average 平均in charge 掌管，主管in particular 特别，尤其，详细地in place 适当的，恰当的in the distance 在远处in favo(u)r of 赞成，支持in honour of 为了纪念，对表示敬意in spite of 尽管，虽然in turn 依次，转而in vain 徒劳in memory of 为纪念in return 作为回报in order 按顺序，处于良好状态for instance 例如，比如2动词与介词搭配remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事rob s

16、b.of sth.抢劫某人某物call at 访问(某地)call for 要求，需要care about 关心do harm to 伤害fix ones eyes on 注视get rid of 免除，摆脱run out of 用完come up with 提出put forward 提出make fun of 取笑adapt to 适应refer to 涉及，查阅come across(偶然)遇见pick up 捡起，用车接(某人)，接收，偶然习得3形容词与介词搭配be curious about 对好奇be proud of 因而自豪be popular with 受到的欢迎be anx

17、ious about 为忧虑be concerned about 对担心、忧虑be present at 出席be absent from 缺席be free from 免于,学生用书 P30)单句语法填空1(2017湖北武汉武昌区高三1 月调考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea,the Yangtze is a natural division _ north and south.between 解析：由句意及句中的and 可知，此处表示两者(南和北)之间，用介词between。2(2017湖北华大联盟高三2 月质检

18、)The theory of kung fu is based _ classical Chinese philosophy(哲学)on/upon 解析：base.on/upon.为固定搭配，意为“建立在基础上”。3(2017平顶山市调研)Another good reason _ reading books is that it is useful.for 解析：在reason 后面用 for表示“的原因”，故填for。4(2017太原二模)I said hello _ him,smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought,“Why not offe

19、r him a piece of chocolate？”to 解析：考查介词。say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，符合语境，故用介词to。5(2017浙江台州期末考试)It means that we cannot use some modern household items,_ washing machines and they use too much water.like/including 解析：根据“some modern household items”可知，此处表示举例，故可填 like“例如”，或填including，表示“包括”。6(2017 河 南 豫 南

20、 九 校 质 量 考 评)My parents and teachers were surprised _ my bad performance.at 解析：句意：我的父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。be surprised at为固定短语，意为：对感到惊讶。7(2017江西赣中南五校一模)Nowadays,millions _ lonely singles are now going online.of 解析：句意：现在，数以百万计的感到孤独的单身们正在上网。millions of 为固定结构，意为：数以百万计的。8(2017河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents chang

21、ed _ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.with 解析：句意：洋流随气候变化而变化，并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随，意为：随着。9(2017河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home _ pandas,also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.to 解析：句意：“be home to.”为固定句型，意为：是的故乡、产地。10(2017山东师大附中二模)She said her name was Miss Bai She and k

22、indly offered to show me _ the city.around 解析：句意：她说她名叫白蛇小姐并热心地主动提出带我参观这座城市。show sb.around sp.为固定短语，意为：带某人参观某地。单句改错1(2017郑州第一次质量预测)Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher,Anna._ 删除 for 解析：考查固定搭配。go camping 表示“野营”，故介词for 多余。2(2017贵阳检测)But the butcher refused and even argued

23、that it wouldnt do harm her health._ _ her 前加 to 解析：考查介词。do harm to为固定搭配，意为“对有危害”，故加介词 to。3(2017江西南昌调研)Under his help,we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems._ UnderWith解析：with one s help为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”，故将Under 改为 With。4(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly,you can share with efficient le

24、arning experience to promote your English study._ 去掉 with 解析：句意：首先，你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。本句中share 后为分享的内容，故将with删除。5(2017湖北襄阳第一次调研)They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice._ deal 后加 of 解析：句意：他们说他们学到了在教材中没有的内容并得到了很多实践。a

25、great deal of为固定短语，意为：许多。6(2017山东临沂一模)If you find a position at there,I m sure youll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability._ 去掉at 解析：句意：如果你在那里找到一个职位，我确信你会在品质和能力上都会有迅速的提升。there 为副词，可单独作状语，故将at 删除。7(2017山西晋商四校联考)In Sunday morning,Li Lin was about to study when his father came up

26、and advised him to have a break._ In On解析：句意：在周日上午，李林刚要学习这时他父亲走了过来建议他休息一会儿。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”时，需用介词on 而非 in。8(2017福建龙岩3 月质检)Cell phones are much easier for us to take notes and more convenient to search what we need._ search 后加 for 解析：句意：我们使用手机做笔记更容易些，使用手机搜寻我们需要的东西更方便。search for搜寻；search 搜身。根据本句意思可知

27、需将search 后加 for。短文改错(2017安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning,I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it,so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library,I saw the man driving around the small parking lot,try to

28、find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space,the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that,I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off,keeping the disabled parking space free for someone need

29、ed it.答案：This morning,I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be pickingpicked up.Because I had always been waiting to read it,so at that moment I was very excitingexcited.Outside the library,I saw thea man driving around the small parking lot,trytrying to find a par

30、king space.He headheaded for the disabled parking space,the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library bookbooks to return.Seeing that,I offered to return them tofor him.He thanked me and jumped quickquickly in his car and drove off,keeping the disabled parking space free for someone who needed it.