怀化专版2020年中考英语命题研究第二编语法专题突破篇专题一名词精讲试题.pdf

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1、文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.1文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.第二编语法专题突破篇专题一名词,怀化中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格s 所有格的构成及用法of 所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语名词辨析【满分点拨】分析怀化中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。1语境辨析分析怀化中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，

2、同时较多涉及单复数。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。2近义词辨析近义名词在怀化中考中也有涉及，如2016 怀化中考24 题，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词做适当补充。(1)family，home，house 与 room(2)noise，sound 与 voice(3)question与 problem(4)work与 job(5)message，information与 news(6)village，city与 countryside(7)clothes，cloth与 clothing(8)photo，pic

3、ture与 drawing 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.2文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.(9)population与 people(10)road，street，path 与 way(11)exercise，exercises与 practice(12)class与 lesson(13)country，nation，state与 land(14)police与 policeman(15)trip，journey，travel与 tour【考点抢测】(C)1.If Peter comes to us by any chance，please

4、ask him to leave a _Aletter Bsentence C message(A)2.(2016 永州中考)I think eating_is good for health.Atomatoes Bbananaes C egges(B )3.(2016 张家界中考)My father didnt bring much_yesterday，so he only bought a small gift for me.Atea B money C juice(B)4.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is alwa

5、ys full of _Aknowledge B energy C change(A)5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit Bjob C menu(C)6.I want to write for international _ to become a writer.Achairs Bcomputers Cmagazines(C)7.The Internet is very useful.We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings Btroubles Cinformation(B)8.Lin S

6、huhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors Bplayers Cwaiters(B)9.Please pick me up at the _My plane arrives at 8：00 a m.Ahotel Bairport Cmuseum(B)10.(2016 福州中考)Who is the person you admire the most?Qian Xuesen，the Father of Chinas Missiles.He is the_of China.Aleader Bpride Cvoice(A)11.Its

7、kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat B space C place(C)12.(2016 永州中考模拟)Now there are more and more new drivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea B feeling Csense 名词的数文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.3文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.【满分点拨】1名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的

8、词Alice，Canada，the Great Wall 普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book，desk，table，bike，plane 集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，class，police，team，group 不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass，water，air，paper，wood 抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger，health，love，success，interest 2.可数名词单复数变化规律情况构成方法例词一般情况加-scapcaps；dogdogs；bike bikes；driver

9、drivers以字母 s，sh，ch，x 等结尾加-esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母 y”结尾变 y 为 i，再加-eslady ladies；century centuries；family families；story stories续表情况构成方法例词以 f 或 fe 结尾一般变 f，fe 为 v，再加-esleaf leaves；lifelives；half halves；knife knives以 o 结尾o 前为辅音音素时加-es，o前为元音音素时加-stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potato

10、 potatoes；radio radios；zoozoos；例外，photo photos；piano pianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数tooth-brushtooth-brushes；文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.4文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.film-goer film-goers 两部分都变复数man doctor men doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers 特殊名词改变内部元音字母foot feet；tooth teeth；man men；mouse mice词尾加-renchild ch

11、ildren单复数同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由 man和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把-man改成-men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加-s。(2)man 和 woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cook women cooks(女厨师)3常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物bread 面包meat 肉cheese 奶酪液体milk牛奶water 水wine 酒oil油自然物体so

12、il土壤sand 沙子wood木头抽象名词情感joy 高兴friendship友情peace 和平学科math 数学geography 地理physics物理ch emistry化学概念population人口knowledge 知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一组；一双；一对a piece of一片(张，块)a pile of一堆短语 a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)(pieces)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two p

13、airs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。(3)可数与不可数易混归纳exercise(锻炼)some exercises(练习；训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸；证件；试卷)wood(木头；木材)a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room(房间)文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.5文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)【考点抢测】一、词语运用woma

14、n foot apple sheep glass 1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _sheep_ there.2 All the _women_ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _apples_ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _glasse

15、s_ a little cheaper?5These shoes are too big for my _feet_二、单项选择(B)6.(2016 郴州中考模拟)Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.Aminute Bminutes Cchance(A)7.I gave a bunch(束)of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers Bflower C flour(C)8.(2016 湘西中考)Here are two nice_of my family.Apicture B

16、photoes Cphotos(B)9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes，there are.AGermen B Germans C German(C)10.Do you have any _？Yes，I like chess and drama best.Ajobs B job Chobbies 名词所有格【满分点拨】含有 and 的所有格用 and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加s，用A an d Bs表示。如：Mrs.King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。用 and

17、连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：These are Toms and Marys bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。双重所有格两种形式of 名词所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。of 名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.6文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑.【考点抢测】1One of my _classmates_(classmate)hom

18、ework wasnt handed in today.2 When is _Childrens_(child)Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.(B)3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours(C)4.(2016 东营中考)Are you sure this is a photo_，the famous comedy actress?It surprised you，didnt it？But she was once really thin.AJia Ling BJia Lings Cof Jia Ling(B)5.(2016 新疆中考)This is_bedroom.Its tidy and nice.ALilys and Lucys BLily and Lucys CLilys and Lucy