奥本海默英文简介.pdf
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1、文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.罗伯特奥本海默(J.Robert Oppenheimer,1904 年 4 月 22 日 1967 年 2 月 18 日),美国犹太人物理学家,曼哈顿计划的领导者,1945 年主导制造出世界上第一颗原子弹,被誉为“原子弹之父”。曾在美国普林斯顿高等学术研究所工作。早年经历:奥本海默1904 年 4 月 22 日生于纽约一个富有的德裔犹太人家庭,自幼就有着优裕的生长环境。父亲是德籍犹太人,从小就移民到美国,后来在纺织界致富。母亲是一个天才画家,她鼓励奥本海默接触艺术和文学,却在奥本海默九岁时去世。他天资聪颖,兴趣广泛,幼时广泛涉猎文
2、学、哲学、语言等领域,尤其爱好诗歌,对道德和艺术有着相当高的敏感性,而所有这些在他日后思想和事业的发展中都留下了久远的影响和痕迹。1921 年,奥本海默以十门全优的成绩毕业于纽约菲尔德斯顿文理学校,因病延至次年入哈佛大学化学系学习。他三年读完哈佛大学,1925 年以荣誉学生的身份提前毕业,他父亲很高兴,送给他一艘三十英尺长的帆船。随后他到英国剑桥大学深造,想跟卢瑟福(E.Rutherford,1871-1937)从事实验物理研究,但卢瑟福不愿收他为学生,这时他迷上了量子力学,于是开始攻读理论物理,加入到著名的卡文迪许实验室,1926 年,转到德国哥廷根大学,跟随玻恩(M.Born,1882-1
3、970)研究,1927 年以量子力学论文获德国哥廷根大学博士学位,据称论文发表当天,在座的评审教授竟无一人敢发言反驳。接下来的两年他在瑞士的苏黎克(Z rich)和荷兰的莱登(Leiden)作进一步的研究。1929 年夏天,奥本海默回到美国,不幸感染了肺结核,在新墨西哥州洛塞勒摩斯(Los Alamos)镇附近的一个农场上养病。后来他在伯克利大学和加利福尼亚大学任教,即使是上课,烟斗仍片刻不离嘴,又经常咳嗽,成为学生模仿的对象。奥本海默不看报纸、不看新闻报导,也不听收音机,对政治也缺乏兴趣。奥本海默的研究范围很广,从天文、宇宙射线、原子核、量子电动力学到基本粒子。他有辩才,擅长于组织管理能力,
4、精通八种语言,尤爱读梵文薄伽梵歌经典,为此自修梵文1940 年,他跟生物学家凯塞琳哈利生(Katherine Harrison)结婚,凯塞琳是左翼份子。奥本海默的妻子、前女友、弟弟等人和共产党有深浅不一的关系。Robert Oppenheimer(J.Robert Oppenheimer,April 22,1904-February 18,1967),American Jewish physicist,head of the Manhattan project in 1945,leading to create the worlds first atomic bomb,known as the
5、 father of the atomic bomb.Once the work American higher academic research in Princeton.Early experiences:Oppenheimer was born in April 22,1904 in New York,a wealthy German Jewish family,since the baby has good growth environment.Father is German Jews,had emigrated to USA,later in the textile indust
6、ry to become rich.Mother is a talented artist,she encouraged Oppenheimer to contact the arts and literature,has died at the age of nine Oppenheimer.He was bright,the interest is extensive,childhood dabble in fields of literature,philosophy,language,especially like poetry,there is a fairly high sensi
7、tivity of morality and art,and all of these in the development of his later thought and career has left a far-reaching influence and traces.In 1921,Oppenheimer to ten full excellent result New York graduated from the Fieldston grammar school,was extended to the Harvard University Department of chemi
8、stry learning.He read of Harvard University for three years,in 1925 to honor the identity of students graduate in advance,his father is very happy,gave him a thirty foot sailboat.Then he went to study at the University of Cambridge,wanted to talk to Lu Sefu(E.Rutherford,1871-1937)in experimental phy
9、sics,but Lu Sefu refused to accept him as a student,he hooked on quantum mechanics,then began studying theoretical physics,adding to the famous Cavendish laboratory,University of Gottingen in 1926,go to Germany,following 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.Born(M.Born,1882-1970)study on quantum mechanic
10、s,in 1927 the German doctor degree of University of Gottingen,the papers published on the same day,Professor review here and there is no one dare to speak retort.The next two years in the Swiss Su like(Z rich)and Lydon of Holland(Leiden)for further study.The summer of 1929,Oppenheimer returned to Am
11、erican,unfortunately infected with tuberculosis,in New Mexico Luosaile Moss(Los Alamos)works on a farm near the town of.He teaches at Berkeley University and University of California,even school,pipe still did not for a moment from the mouth,often cough,become students of the object.Oppenheimer do n
12、ot read newspapers,do not look at the news,nor listen to the radio,is also a lack of interest in politics.The scope of the study of Oppenheimers is very wide,from astronomy,cosmic ray nuclei,quantum electrodynamics,the elementary particles.He is eloquent,good at organization and management ability,f
13、luent in eight languages,especially love to read Sanskrit Bhagavad Gita classic,this study Sanskrit In 1940,he told the biologist Katherine Harry(Katherine Harrison)married,Katherine is a leftist.The relationship between Oppenheimers ex girlfriend,wife,brother,and the Communist Party there are varyi
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