2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题21非谓语动词(四).pdf

《2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题21非谓语动词(四).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题21非谓语动词(四).pdf（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 2020 年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析 21 非谓语动词（四）考点六 非谓语动词作补语 不定式和分词都能作补语，首先要判断用不定式还是分词，然后再确定不定式或分词的形式。1感觉动词（主要有 see,hear,notice,feel,watch,observe 等）和使役动词（主要有 make,let,have 等）跟不定式作宾补语时，不定式不能带 to，但用于被动语态时(let,have 不能用于被动语态)时，不定式要带 to。1.Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.(2013 陕西)A.to understand B

2、.understand C.understanding D.understood【答案】B 【解析】let 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。句意：让那些需要帮助的人们明白，我们会竭尽全力帮助他们的。2.The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.（2008 全国）A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up【答案】C 【解析】have 在此是使役动词，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。2动词 advise,allo

3、w,ask,beg,believe,consider,declare,discover,drive,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,imagine,intend,invite,judge,know,order,permit,persuade,prove,require,suppose,teach,tell,think,want,warn,wish,understand 等接动名词作宾语，跟带 to 的不定式作补语，要注意判断是作宾语还是作补语；help 后跟不定式作宾补时，可带 to 也可不带。As Jack left his membership card

4、 at home,he wasnt allowed _ into the sports club.(2012 上海)A.going B.to go C.go D.gone【答案】C 【解析】wasnt allowed 是被动语态，后应接不定式作主语补足语。3.感官动词跟现在分词作补语，表示动作的进行状态，跟不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程。1.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it _ live is quite another.(2015 浙江)A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.

5、being performed【答案】D 【解析】hear 后接不带 to 的不定式或分词作宾语补足语，这里表示正在进行的动作，且 it(指 music)与 perform 之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式。2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.（2014 四川）A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop【答案】C 【解析】这里作宾语补足语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。3.I looked up and notice

6、d a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012 四川)A.to wind B.wind C.winding D.wound【答案】C 【解析】notice 后接不带 to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，这里表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词。4现在分词作补语，常表示动作正在进行或表示一个主动的动作；过去分词作补语，常表示动作已经完成或表示被动。不定式作补语常常表示将来的动作。1.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy t

7、o see his mother _ good care of at home.（2015 陕西）A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken 【答案】B 【解析】作宾语补足语，且逻辑主语 his mother 与 take care of 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。2.When we saw the road _ with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.(2013 北京)A.block B.to block C.blocking D.blocked【答案】C 【解析】非谓语动词作宾语补足语，与逻辑主语 b

8、lock 是被动关系，且表示完成，故用过去分词。3.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011 重庆)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind【答案】C 【解析】分词作宾语补足语。逻辑主语 himself 与 remind 是被动关系，故用过去分词。5have 用作使役动词，后可接不带 to 的不定式，也可接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，应注意它们表达的不同含义：have sb do sth 表示“使某人做”，

9、have sb/sth doing 表示“使 处于 状态”，have sth done 表示“让他人做”或“使遭受”。get sth done 也有这给用法。1.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.(2018 天津)A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take【答案】B【解析】have sth done 意为“让他人做某事”。2.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _.(2012 四川)A.w

10、ashed B.wash C.washing D.to wash【答案】A 【解析】your car 和 wash 是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。3.Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.(2011 陕西)A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked【答案】D【解析】have sth done 意为“让他人做某事”。6.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，常对作宾语补足语的非谓语动词形式进行考查。非谓语动词表示主动或进行时，用现在分词，表示被动或完成时，用过去分词，表示将来时，用不定

11、式。另外还考查这个结构中介词的选择。1.Chinas image is improving steadily,with more countries_ its role in international affairs.(2019 天津)A.recognizing B.being recognized C.to be recognized D.recognized【答案】A 【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；这里表示主动，故用现在分词。2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.(2012 北京)Agoing on Bgoe

12、s on Cwent on D.to go on【答案】A 【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，应用非谓语动词；这里表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词。3.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.(2012 辽宁)A.to follow B.following C.followed D.follows【答案】B 【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，their pet dog 与 follow 是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。4.The living ro

13、om is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.（2010 山东）A.laid B.laying C.to lay D.being laid【答案】A【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。lay 与 table 是被动关系，且表示完成的动作，故用过去分词。5.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建)A.for B.when C.with D.while【

14、答案】C 【解析】选项中有两项是介词，两项是连词，因此做此题时，首先要搞清楚空格后是句子还是短语，如果是句子，就选择连词，如果是短语，就选择介词。如果是句子，则应当用被动语态，谓语动词应当是 was wounded，所以应 当是短语，应用介词。her foot 是介词宾语，wounded 是宾语补足语，能跟复合宾语的介词只有 with。考点七 非谓语动词的否定式，省略及其复合结构 1非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加 not 等否定词。1._ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.(2013 四川)A.No

15、t knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not 【答案】A 【解析】非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加 not，排除 B，D；逻辑主语 the girl 与 know 是主动关系，故用现在分词。2._ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.（2010 全国）A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed【答案】C 【解析】非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加 not，

16、排除 D；逻辑主语 they 与 complete 是主动关系，故用现在分词；complete 的动作发生在 have to stay 之前，用于完成式。3.The lawyer listened with full attention,_ to miss any point.(2010 四川)A.not trying B.trying not C.to try not D.not to try【答案】B 【解析】非谓语动词作伴随状语，应用分词。根据句意，分词应用肯定式，不定式应用否定式。2.非谓语动词的省略主要考查的是不定式的省略。不定式的省略记住一个原则：省略不定式时，不定式的符号 to

17、要保留。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _(2013 全国 I)A.not to do B.not to C.not do D.do not 【答案】B【解析】这里是不定式 not to park his car near the roadside 的省略，省略不定式时，不定式符合要保留。3.不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb.to do sth.”构成，该结构前的形容词说明人的特征时用，说明物的特征时用 for；动名词的复合结构由“名词所有格（或物主代词）+动名

18、词”构成，在口语中，尤其当名词指物时常用名词的普通格来代替所有格，用代词宾格来代替物主代词。1.Its standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer.（2014 山东）A.employed B.being employed C.to employ D.employs 【答案】C【解析】这里是不定式的复合结构，故用不定式。2.Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.(2012

19、福建)A.of B.to C.by D.for【答案】D【解析】这里是不定式的复合结构。不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb to do sth”，该结构前的形容词说明人的特征时用of，说明物的特征时用 for。本题形容词 easy 修饰物，故介词用 for。3.I really cant understand _ her like that.（2010 安徽）A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating 【答案】D【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作宾语，用宾格代词 you 代替物主代词 your。4.At the beginnin

20、g of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（2009 全国）A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed C.being opened and closed D.to open and close【答案】C 【解析】动名词与其逻辑主语 desks 构成动名词的复合结构作介词 of 的宾语。desks 与 open,close 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。5.Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the cha

21、nge in the plan.（2009 上海）A.his being not able B.him not to be able C.his not being able D.him to be not able【答案】C 【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作介词 for 的宾语，其否定式是在动名词前加 not。巩固练习：1.Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob _ you to your room.A.show B.shows C.to show D.showing【答案】A 【解析】have 后接不带 to 的

22、不定式作宾语补足语。2.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.A.speak.B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak【答案】C 【解析】作宾语补足语，与 English 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。3.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call 【答案】A 【解析

23、】分词作宾语补足语；逻辑主语 his mothers voice 与 call 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。4.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.to be reused【答案】D 【解析】这里是不定式的复合结构作宾语后置，it 是形式宾语。it 与 reuse 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。5.The discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caug

24、ht B.catch the thief C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught【答案】C 【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作宾语，the thief 与 catch 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。6.They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly.A.being run B.run C.to run D.running【答案】D 【解析】分词作宾语补足语。逻辑主语 the traffic 与 run 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。7.She wants her paintings

25、_ in the gallery,but we dont think they would be very popular.A.display B.to display C.displaying D.displayed【答案】D【解析】want 后要接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，逻辑主语 paintings 与 display 是被动关系，不定式应用被动式to be displayed，to be 可省略，故选过去分词。8.Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a

26、 short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve【答案】A 【解析】have 是使役动词，后跟分词或不带 to 的不定式作宾补，逻辑主语 her written English 与 improve 是被动关系，故用过去分词。9.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest【答案】A 【解析】make 是使役动词，后跟分词或不带 to 的不定式作宾补，逻辑主语 them 与 interest 是被动关系，故用过去分词。10.My parents have always made me _ about myself,even when I was twelve.A.feeling well B.feeling good C.feel well D.feel good【答案】D 【解析】make 后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补；feel 是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。