2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练非谓语动词.pdf

《2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练非谓语动词.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练非谓语动词.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021 届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练：非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，新高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。一、非谓语动词作状语 1.不定式

2、作状语 表示原因（多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后），如：We were very excited to hear the news.表示目的（可用 so as to/in order to 替换，但 so as to 一般不可置于句首），如：To get there on time I got up very early.表示结果（常表出乎意料的结果，常为 only to do），如：He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之

3、间构成逻辑上的主动关系。如：Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.（2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.（3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed

4、 in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。如：Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。命题趋势 考点清单 二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语 1.非谓语动词作主语 Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.（动名词作主语）To see is to believe.（不定式作主语）It is important to respect people.（不定式短语作主语，It 作形式主语）It is

5、 no use crying over spilt milk.（动名词短语作主语，It 作形式主语）2.非谓语动词作表语（1）动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答 what 引导的问句。（2）不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3.非谓语动词作宾语：主要是不定式和动名词 afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen 等动词后跟不定式作宾语。appreciate，avoid，bear，conside

6、r，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest 等动词后跟动名词作宾语。以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词+v-ing 作宾语+to do 作宾语 remember 记得曾做过某事 记得要做某事 forget 忘记曾做过某事 忘记要做某事 try 尝试做某事 努力做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着做某事 企图/打算做某事 cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事 g

7、o on 继续做未完成的事 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 stop 中断正在做的事 中断正在做的事，去做别的事 三、非谓语动词作定语 1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room.（主谓关系）I have something important to say.（动宾关系）He has no opportunity to go abroad.（同位关系）2.动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading rooma room for reading 3

8、.现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed(which is being discussed)now is important.4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(which was discussed)yesterday is important.四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式 1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加 not。如：He pretended not to see me.Not having tried his best,he failed in

9、 the exam.2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。如：The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。如：I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。如：The patient asked to be operated on at once.3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen th

10、e film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。如：Having done his homework,he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。如：The problem bein

11、g discussed is very important.Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.一、单句语法填空 1.（2020全国 II 卷）They represent the earth (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.2.（2020全国 II 卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate)with red envelopes and mes

12、sages of good fortune.3.（2020全国 II 卷）They are easy (care)for and make great presents.4.（2020全国 III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find)the well-known painter.5.（2020全国 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround)the mountain tops,he was reduce

13、d to tears.6.（2019全国 II 卷）When we got a call _(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.7.（2019 全国 I 卷）Scientists have responded by (note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements.8.（2019 浙江卷）When the children are walking or _(cycle)to school on dark mornings,car dri

14、vers can easily see them.9.（2019浙江卷）But some students didnt want (wear)the uniform.10.（2019全国 III）On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,_(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.11.Peter was

15、 so excited when he received an invitation from his friend (visit)Chongqing.12.He gave a lame excuse for (absent)which made him very embarrassed.13.When the moon had risen,we lay on the grass,listening to the wind (whisper)in the trees.14.Helen was kinder to her youngest son,which made the others (e

16、nvy)him.15.I like getting up very early in the morning because the morning air is so good (breathe).16.The man _(circulate)the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.17.The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly,not _(know)whether to believe what he

17、 had said.18.Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China,_(reduce)the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.19.Actors should be good observers,watching peoples body language and speaking style,_(transmit)and this into their own abiliti

18、es to progress in acting.20.We had better put off interviewing the athlete,for he is busy preparing for an international contest _(hold)精题集训（70 分钟）经典训练题 in Shanghai next month.二、语法填空 Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture.They 21 (call)“Zhu”in ancient times in China.Chinese people

19、 have been using them for more than 3,000 years.Wood or bamboo chopsticks are the most popular ones used in Chinese homes,22 can be dated to about 1,000 years 23 (early)than ivory(象牙)chopsticks.There are a few things 24 (avoid)when using chopsticks.Chinese people usually.Dont beat their bowls while

20、25 (eat),since the behavior used to be practiced by beggars.Also dont put chopsticks in a bowl upright because it is a custom only used in sacrifices(祭祀).26 is common in China for everyone to use their own chopsticks for getting food from the 27 (dish)on the table.If you prefer,serving chopsticks 28

21、 (be)provided.Besides,dont be embarrassed by using chopsticks 29 (poor).What matters is that you enjoy the food.Food is 30 great importance in Chinese culture,and the Chinese is such a practical person that all around you will most likely be fine with whatever method you use to eat.语法填空 The wildfire

22、s in Australia became considerably worse in January,2020.The disaster faced by 31 country is far from over.Many of the fires 32 (send)smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds.The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds,33 (result)in f

23、ire tornadoes(龙卷风).Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 34 (find)only in Australia,including koalas and rare birds.It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 35 wildlife.The wildfires are expected 36 (continue)burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.Th

24、is past year,2019,is the hottest and driest year on record.Fires happen 37 (regular)during the Australian dry season.However,climate and natural changes are making the situation 38 (bad).At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone.Smoke from the fires has

25、made 39 to South America.There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 40 could have an effect on the planets climate.语法填空 A 高频易错题 精准预测题 Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months.The one-month backpacking trip exposed the Englis

26、h woman 41 a wide range of Chinese food.“The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 42 I had in the U.K.,”Dunlop recalled.The last stop of her trip was Chengdu,43 capital of southwest Chinas Sichuan Province.Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food repre

27、sents one of Chinas 44 (good)cuisines,and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth,something inside her changed forever.After she returned to London,Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University.When she wrote down“studying Chinese 45 (policy)on ethnic groups”

28、on the 46 (apply)form as the reason for a scholarship,what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes.Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food.She 47 (write)many books on Chinese cuisine since,including Sharks Fin and Sichuan Pepper,which was tra

29、nslated into Chinese in 2018.According to Chen Xiaoqing,48 (know)for directing the documentary of A Bite of China,Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who 49 (vivid)describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way.What she presents to the readers is not just food,but also the profou

30、nd traditions and tremendous changes 50 (occur)in the country behind the flavors.B Most of us have recently experienced quarantine(隔离)to minimize the risk of meeting somebody who may be carrying the virus.It is certain 51 being under quarantine is no fun.However,with our access to food,52 (deliver)s

31、ervices and the entertainment 53 (offer)by the internet,were actually very lucky.Lets take a quick look at the history of quarantines.The idea of quarantining sick people dates 54 ancient times.Yet the word“quarantine”first came into use in the 14th century Europe during the Black Death.People were

32、dropping like flies from the mysterious disease,and as the death toll climbed into the millions eventually killing 55 (approximate)half of the European population,cities began to take 56 (measure)to protect their citizens.The port city of Venice,Italy,was an important trading center with ships 57 (c

33、ome)from all corners of the Earth every day.If a ship 58 (suspect)to be harboring the plague(瘟疫),it was sent to 59 offshore quarantine and ordered to wait there for 40 days when those abroad either recovered,or 60 (likely),died.The waiting period gave rise to the term quarantinario,from the Italian

34、word for 40.参考答案 一、单句语法填空 1.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为 they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且 the earth 与 come back 为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作 the earth 的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填 coming。2.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为 you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them 代指前文 orange trees，与decorate 为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后

35、置定语，故填 decorated。3.【答案】to care【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth.is easy to do，表示某事容易，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填 to care。4.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语 set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。5.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds (surround)t

36、he mountain tops 是独立主格结构做状语，surround 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 surrounding。6.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。7.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。8.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，

37、汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。9.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事，这是 want 的固定用法。故填 to wear。10.【答案】listening【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听经典训练题 音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and 后 mee

38、ting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。11.【答案】to visit【解析】考查不定式。句意：当彼特的朋友邀请他参观重庆时，他是如此激动。动词不定式 to visit 限定 invitation做后置定语。故填 to visit。12.【答案】being absent【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他找了个站不住脚的理由来解释缺席的原因，这使他很尴尬。be absent 表示缺席，且作介词 for 的宾语，应用动名词短语 being absent，故填 being absent。13.【答案】whispering【解析】考查非谓语形式。句意：

39、当月亮已经升起，我们躺在草地上，倾听风在树上低语。名词 wind 与 whisper是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 whispering。14.【答案】envy【解析】考查省略 to 的动词不定式。句意：海伦对她的最小的儿子比对其他的孩子要好得多，这使其他的人很是嫉妒。make sb.do sth.表示让某人做某事，使役动词 make 后跟省略不定式符号 to 的不定式，作宾语补足语。故填 envy。15.【答案】to breathe【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢早起，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。breathe 和 air 之间虽然是动宾关系，但 good 后省略了 for m

40、e，其逻辑主语是 I，故用动词不定式的主动形式。故填 to breathe。16.【答案】circulating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播 18 名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与the man 是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填 circulating。17.【答案】knowing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy与 know 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 knowing 正确。18.【答案】reducing【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：人脸识

41、别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语，故答案为 reducing。19.【答案】transmitting【解析】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语 Actors 和 transform 之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与 watching 并列，故答案为 transmitting。20.【答案】to be held【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备下个

42、月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处 contest 和 hold 之间是一种被动关系，这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故填 to be held。二、语法填空【答案】21.were called 22.which 23.earlier 24.to avoid 25.eating 26.It 27.dishes 28.is/will be 29.poorly 30.of【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了有关筷子的历史和文化。21.考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：他们在中国古代被称为“箸”。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，又因为本句讲述的是过去的事情，故填 were called。22.考查非

43、限制性定语从句。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早 1000 年左右。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填 which。23.考查副词比较级。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早 1000 年左右。根据本句中的 than，此空填形容词的比较级，故填 earlier。24.考查不定式。句意：使用筷子时有几件事要避免。to avoid 是后置定语，修饰 a few things。故填 to avoid。25.考查现在分词。句意：吃饭时不要敲碗，因为这种行为过去是乞丐常做的。eat 和主句主语 people

44、在逻辑上存在主动关系，故填 eating。26.考查形式主语。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。It is common for sb.to do sth.句型，此空为句首，故填 It。27.考查名词单复数。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。餐桌上的菜肴不止一种，故此空填复数形式 dishes。28.考查一般现在时或一般将来时。句意：如果您想的话，我们也会提供筷子。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，且该动作可以是通常性的动作，也可以是将来某一时间的动作。If 引导的条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。故填 is/will be。29

45、.考查副词做状语。句意：另外，不要因为不会用筷子而感到尴尬。副词修饰动词，故填 poorly。30.考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，食物是非常重要的，而中国人非常务实，无论你用什么方法吃饭，你周围的人都不会介意。be of great importance=be important，意为重要的，故填介词 of。语法填空【答案】31.the 32.sent 33.resulting 34.are found 35.to 36.to continue 37.regularly 38.worse 39.it 40.which 高频易错题【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在 2020 年 1 月

46、变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。31.考查冠词。country 为可数名词，此处特指上文 Australia，应用定冠词。故填 the。32.考查动词时态。根据后文 and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds 可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填 sent。33.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result 在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 resulting。34.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语 an

47、imals 与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填 are found。35.考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”，应用介词 to。故填 to。36.考查非谓语动词。根据短语 be expected to do sth.表示预计，后跟不定式。故填 to continue。37.考查副词。修饰动词 happen，应用副词 regularly，表示频繁地。故填 regularly。38.考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填worse。3

48、9.考查代词。根据短语 make it to 表示到达。故填 it。40.考查定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which。故填 which。【点拨】当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来

49、确定，如 see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.，spend doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing 形式或不定式，在 enjoy，finish 等动词后作宾语用ing 形式，在 decide，refuse 等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系

50、确定用一般式还是用完成式。语法填空 精准预测题 A【答案】41.to 42.what 43.the 44.best 45.policies 46.application 47.has written 48.known 49.vividly 50.occurring【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。41.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose.to 表示使接触、暴露于，故填 to。42.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的 had 缺少宾语，