《中国文化》英语教程复习题及答案.pdf

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1、 I.Chinese Cultural Terms:1.绿茶 green tea 2.红茶 black tea 3.乌龙茶 oolong tea 4.黑茶 dark tea 5.花茶 scented tea 6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea 7.八 大 菜 系 eight major schools of cuisine/8 Chinese Cuisines 8.茶道 tea ceremony 9.茶具 tea set 10.紫砂壶 boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 12.清蒸鱼 steamed fish 13.狗不理包子 Goubili

2、steamed buns 14.佛跳墙 Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.论语 The Analects 16.诗经 The Book of Songs 17.道德经 Classic of the Way and Virtue 18.道家 Daoism 19.汉字 Chinese character Regional 20.象形文字 pictograph 21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/oracle-bone script 22.篆文 seal character/seal script 23.文房四宝 four treasures of st

3、udy 24.丝绸之路 the Silk Road 25.海上丝绸之路 the Maritime silk road 26.一带一路倡议 The Belt and Road Initiative 27.西the Western regions 28.敦煌石窟 the Dunhuang Grottoes 29.春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 30.方块象形文字 the square-shaped pictographic character 31.颜（真卿）体 the Yan style 32.民间艺术 folk arts 33.年New Year pictu

4、res 34.剪纸 paper cutting/papercuts 35.皮影戏 shadow play 36.苏Suhou Embroidery 37.造纸术 paper making 38.印刷术 printing 39.佛经 Buddhist scripture 40.行书 running script/semi-cursive script 41.草书 cursive script 42.楷书 regular script/standard script 43.隶书 official script/clerical script 44.砚 the ink slab/the ink st

5、one;墨 ink stick 45.六 艺：礼 乐 射 御 书 数“six arts”:ritual,music,archery,carriage driving,calligraphy,and mathematics 46.毛笔 the writing brush 47.宣纸 xuan paper/rice paper 48.中国书法 Chinese calligraphy 49.简体字：simplified characters 50.繁体字 complex characters/traditional characters 51.中国结 Chinese knots 52.佛教 Budd

6、hism 53.国徽 national emblem 54.国旗 national flag 55.国歌 national anthem II.Multiple choices（每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案）1）Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters?（下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？）_ A Aspiration.吸 Imagination.想象 Creativity.创造力 Allusion.典故 2）Which of the following statem

7、ents is true of the name of Fudan University（关 于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？）_ D The characters both stand for the sun rising on the horizon.这些字符都 代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典 诗歌 The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.名字鼓励学生早上早起 这个 The char

8、acters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步 3)Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures(下列 语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？)?B_ Mandarin Chinese.普通话 Hieroglyphs of ancient 古埃及的象形文字 Oracle-bone inscription.甲骨文 Seal characters.篆书 4)The symbol foris

9、closest to（“游泳”的符号最接近的 _.oracle-bone inscription 甲骨文 Mandarin Chinese seal characters none 普通话 篆书 没有选项 5)The symbol for“athletics”contains the ingredients of(“运动”的符号包含 了)_.A dancing and running running and swinging dancing and swinging triathlon and football 6)All the following are the titles of Con

10、fucius except an educator 一个教育家 A biologist 一个生物学家 A scholar 有识之士 A philosopher 一个哲学家 7)The expression“filial piety”most probably means being 是指)_.D Loyal to the state 忠于国家 Obedient to sister(s)听姐姐的话 Responsible for the family 对家庭负责 Dutiful to parents 孝顺父母 8)Which of following can best describe Conf

11、ucius view on the relationship between man and nature(下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？)_.D Brothers 兄弟 跳舞、跑步 跑步和摆动 跳舞和摆动 铁人三项和足球 以下孔子的头衔除了）_.B“孝”的意思很可能 Husband and wife 夫妇 Doctor and patient 医生和病人 Mother and son 母子 9）Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that 和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。）_.B Nature

12、is lifeless so it will never die 自然是没有生命的，所以它永远不会死。Individual s life can be everlasting by joining nature 人的一生可以通过自 然的延续而持久。They should be grateful to their parents for giving them lives 他们应该感 谢父母给了他们生命。Individual s lifespan is short,so they should enjoy life as much as possible 每个人的寿命都很短，所以他们应该尽可能地

13、享受生活。10）Which of following is the most important part of Confucius curriculum?（下 列哪一项是孔子课程最重要的部分？）_.C Music 音乐 calligraphy 书法 virtue 美德 Mathematics 数学 11）Zi Lu,Ran You and Gongxi Chi s aspirations represent _,while Zeng Dian s reflects（子路，你和公西迟的愿望代表了 _，而曾点的反映了）_.D Personal ambition;selfishness 个人的野心

14、;自私 Lofty ideals;meaningless pursuit 远大的志向；毫无意义的追求 Personal struggle;generous contribution 个人奋斗;慷慨的奉献 Individual contribution to society;harmony 个人对社会的贡献;和谐 12）Which of the following can cover all the connotations of the art of writing（下 列哪一项可以涵盖书写艺术的所有内涵？）_.D calligraphy 美术字（体）;书法，笔迹 penmanship 书写艺

15、术，书法，书写技巧 handwriting 书法，手书 None of the above 以上都不是 13）How was Chinese calligraphy displayed by Lin Huaimin（林怀民是如何展现中 国书法的）_.A 通过丧葬 By dance 通过舞蹈 By script 通过剧本 By music 通过音乐 By brush 用刷子 14）What can we infer from the example of Zhang Xu（我们可以从张旭的例子中 推断出什么？）_.D He did nothing but practice his running

16、-cursive script all day 他整天只练 习行书。He learnt calligraphy by copying other calligraphers of his time 他模仿 他那个时代的书法家学习书法。He often watched sword dance to learn from it for his calligraphy 他经 常看剑舞学习书法。He made fast progress when he discovered the genuine beauty of calligraphy 当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。15）How is th

17、e“energy”of”one-stroke character”achieved（“能量”的一笔书是 如何写出来的？）_.C By pressing the brush harder 通过用力按压笔刷 By writing the character with only one stroke 只写一个笔画 by writing the strokes at one go 写那些笔画的时候一气呵成 By connecting the strokes in the interior 通过连接内部的笔画 16）Which of following words can best summarize

18、the characteristic of“ink pig”（下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？）_.B vigorous 有力的 cumbersome 笨重的 heavy 重的，沉重的 Dense 密集的，稠密的 17）The three most valuable calligraphic works in the three-treasure study include works by all the following calligraphers except _.D Wang xizhi Wang xianzhi Wang xun Zhang xu 18）What can we l

19、earn about wang xizhi s calligraphic works according to the passage（根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？）_.D His handwriting looks like a dragon 他的笔迹像一条龙。His hand writing is heavy but vigorous 他的笔迹重而有力。Preface to the lanting pavilion collection is his first work 兰亭集的序 言是他的第一部作品。The original of preface to the

20、lanting pavilion collection is missing 兰亭 集序的真迹已经不见了 19）How did the criterion of 准是怎么出现的）_.C It dawned upon yan zhenqing accidentally Yan zhenqing learnt it from former masters 到的 Yan zhenqing got the idea from zhang xu It was passed down from yan s ancestors III.Translation 英译汉，汉译英（英汉互译都要掌握）重要提示：请各

21、位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉 语段落回译成英文。翻译复习 1.Unit 1,Page 7,para.18 Before Confucius,only the nobility had the right to education.He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education.According to historical records,Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples.A total of 72 of

22、 them excelled in the”six arts”,i.e.（也就 是）,ritual（礼）,music（乐）,archery（射）,driving（御）,calligraphy（书）,and mathematics（数）.A great educator,Confucius has been admired by later generations as the“sage of sage”s.在孔子之前，受教育的权利为贵族阶层所垄断。孔子在中国历史上首 开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三 千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为“至圣

23、先师”。being hidden”in yan style occur 颜体的“隐”的标 颜真卿偶然发现的 颜真卿从它原先的主人那颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法 2.Unit2,page 18.para.11 Laozi said,”The greatest virtue is like water”.He compared his philosophy of”non-contention”to water,to distinguish it from the law of the jungle.He said,“Water nourishes everything but contends f

24、or nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever thy think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Ea

25、rth.老子说“上善若水”-水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”哲学思想，与恶意争斗的丛林法则相区别。老子说,“水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶 下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带 来生命。3.Unit 5,page43,para.1 Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the

26、increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.Scholars in the field point out that human damage to the natural environment has accelerated to such an extent as to threaten the very existence of human beings themselves.今天，全世界都普遍关注生态环境的保护问题，面对日益严重的生态 危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类 对自然环

27、境破坏已经达到从根本上威胁人类自身生存的地步。4.Unit 6 Page 55,Para.2 Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express peoples keen observation and experience of the world.This is why some European poets have found Chinese characters inspiring to their imagination.Ezra Pound,for example,was well known for his admir

28、ation of Chinese characters,from which he was able to draw creativity.When he saw the character“旦”in the dictionary,he was reminded of the morning sun.汉字中的象形符号包含了中国人对世界敏锐的观察和丰富的体验。这 也是一些西方的诗人发现汉字能激发他们的想象力的原因。比如，美 国诗人庞德以推崇汉字而著名，汉字的象形符号激荡起他的创造力。他在字典中看到汉字“旦”时，他即联想到早晨的太阳。5.Unit 7 page 62,para.3 The Silk

29、 Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient Ch

30、ina to open up to the outside world,as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印 度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东 西方的科学技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世 界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑

31、造与 丝绸之路息息相关。6.Unit 8 page71,para.1&2 Para1 The Analects begins with the Confucian edic（t 教诲）:”Is it not a pleasure to meet friends from afar?”A”far”implies different ways of life and philosophies,Confuciusattitude shows that the Chinese have always highly respected friends from a long way off and as

32、pired to learn from them.At the same time,there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.There is another useful quotation from The Analects:”Magistrate（地方行政官）Zigao of the Ye County asked about governance.Confucius replied,Good governance makes ones neighbors happy and attracts people f

33、rom faraway places to come and learn from you.”论语一开头就记载这孔子的教导：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”“远方”提示着生活方式和思想观念的差异。孔子的态度也表明了 中国人向来把来自远方的人当作可尊敬的朋友来看待，并乐于向他们 学习。同时，中国人也希望在域外人面前展示好的形象。论语中 还有一段记载：“地方官子告问孔子如何治理国家时，孔子答曰：近者悦，远者来 Para2 The prosperous Tang Dynasty best exemplified the open and inclusive spirit of Chinese cultu

34、re as advocated by Confucius.Instead of denial or confrontation,the Tang,from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards,tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with,leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.由唐太宗开启的大唐盛世，正体现了孔子所表述的这种中国文化精神。大唐盛世在文化上显示了开放和包容的姿势。没

35、有拒绝和冲突，唐 代包容吸纳了所接触的外来文化的众多元素，促使社会各个领域呈现 繁荣景象。7.Unit9 page82,para.4 Compared with these explorers,Zheng Hes voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.On each of the seven voyages to the Western Seas,his fleet consisted of more than 100 ships,with 62 large and medium-sized ships formi

36、ng the main body.Crews and other personnel added up to more than 20000.Columbus fleet had only three ships and an 88-member crew.Obviously,Zheng Hes fleets were unparalleled during his time in terms of size,navigation technology,organization and amenities（便利设施）,in order to be capable of making those

37、 successful long trips.与这些人类航海史的创举相比，郑和下西洋，时间上比他们早，规模 上也比他们大得多，郑和每次下西洋，船队都由一二百艘船组成，其 中以 62 艘大中型宝船组成船队主体。船上船员及其他人员总共两万 人以上。而后来哥伦布的船队只有 3 艘船，乘员只有 88 名。郑和远 航的规模之大，技术之先进，组织之严密，设施之便利都是同时代其 他远航活动无法比拟的。8.Unit 15 page129,para.1 Today,anyone who knows a little bit about Chinese culture usually knows about Ch

38、inese calligraphy.This unique art is related to writing,but speaks of much more than simple,even attractive,penmanship.Actually,although we use“calligraphy”to refer to this art of writing,this English word is unable to cover all its connotations.今天，对中国文化少有了解的人，都或多或少地知道中国书法这种独 特的艺术。书法艺术与写字有关，但不等于说，将字

39、写得好看一些，就是书法艺术了。事实上，尽管我们使用英语 calligraphy 一词来指 书法艺术，但 calligraphy 一词还是无法涵盖书法艺术的内涵。9.Unit 19 page171,para.2;Cloisonne is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise from Beijing,which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of f

40、olk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors,as well as providing refined ornaments for daily use.景泰蓝是驰名中外的传统工艺，集青铜艺术，瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制 作技巧于一身，是一门道地的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又 是人们居家使用的精美物品。page.172,para.7 Spring Festival（or Chinese New Year）is the most important traditional festival in China.People cele

41、brate it with lanterns and streamers,no matter where they live,in the countryside or in the city.New Year pictures are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household.People put up New Year Pictures in their homes to enhance the lively festive atmosphere.春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一到春节，无论城

42、市农村，人们都要 张灯结彩庆贺，张贴年画，是家家户户春节必不可少的节目。人们用 年画将家里布置得热热闹闹，增添过年的气氛。page.172,para.8 Most New Year pictures feature designs symbolizing good fortune,auspiciousnes（s 吉利）and festivity.A popular New Year picture entitled Surplus in Successive Years depicts a cute plump baby holding a big carp（鲤鱼）in his arms an

43、d a bouquet of lotus flowers in his hand.”Fish”and”surplus”in Chinese have the same pronunciation（yu）.Through the homophony（同音异义）of the two words,people express their wishes for affluen（t 富裕的）lives.年画在内容上多表现为祝福，吉祥和喜庆之意。如一幅广为流传的年 画连年有鱼，画一个可爱的胖娃娃，怀里抱着一条大鲤鱼，手 里拿着一束莲花。“鱼”和“余”在汉字中读音相同，通过谐音，以表示生活富足，年年有余。1

44、0.Unit22 page207,para.2 It is widely acknowledged that from Ming and Qing dynasties onwards,there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.they came from Shandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,and Anhui provinces.In addition to these traditional cuisines,the cul

45、inary industry in China has undergone great changes,as almost every place has its own local specialties,and the different cuisines gather in big cities such as Beijing.说起中国饮食，明清以来，公认的有八大菜系，这它们分别是：鲁菜,川菜，粤菜，闽菜，苏菜，浙菜，湘菜，和徽菜。除了这些传统菜系，当今中国，美食地图发生了很大的变化，几乎全国各地都有自己的拿 手菜，在北京这样的大城市汇聚了各种地方名菜。11.Unit23 page215

46、,para.1 Tea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4000 years ago.During the Tang Dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japaneset ea ceremony.In the 17th century,the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese ha

47、bit of tea drinking,which then became a tradition of the Europeans.In England in particular,people developed the custom of th afternoon tea.Prior to the 19th century,all the tea in the world was grown in China,and even the English word“tea”was a transliteration（音译）of the pronunciation of“tea”in the

48、Fujian dialect of China.Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国。四千多年前，中国人就开始有 饮茶的习惯。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅 宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17 世纪时荷兰人将中 国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。尤其在英 国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。在 19 世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶 都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为 tea,就是根据中文的音译（福建方言“茶”的读音）。茶，是中国人对世界的重

49、要贡献。IV.Short Answer questions 1.How did the ancient Silk Road influence Chinese culture?/What is the significance of the ancient Silk Road?The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Gr

50、eece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world,as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the s