中考英语定语从句的专项讲解+练习.pdf

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1、中考英语-定语从句的专项讲解+练习 定语专项讲解 下面有八个短语，你能按照下面的要求完成任务吗？1.划出八个短语中修饰名词的词，它们是什么呢？给它们分分类吧.我们所这些修饰名词的词，叫做定语；定语就是对名词进行修饰的。2.你能把这些修饰名词的定语翻译出来吗？你觉得哪种最难翻译？答案不得而知了，除了前 3 个大家熟知会写，后 5 个觉得稍难，今天就来听听不一样的讲解呢。我们来看下面的四组例子 A：他昨天买了书。He bought the book.B：他昨天买的书 the book that/which/he bought A：那个学生会唱歌。That student can sing.B：那个

2、会唱歌的学生 that student who/that can sing A:人对音乐感兴趣。The people are interested in music.B:对音乐感兴趣的人 the people who/that are interested in music the people interested in music A:学校离我们这不远。The school is not far from here.B:离我们这不远的学校 the school that/which is not far from here the school not far from here 你发现了

3、什么吗？A 组例子，全是句子，要么是主谓宾，要么是主系表 B 组例子，全是带有修饰成分的名词短语，这些修饰成分有：从句，形容词短语，注意：当从句修饰名词时，我们这这一句子称之为“定语从句”定语从句和名词之间，要添加适当的关系代词，1.某些趣事 形容词 something interesting 2.我们学校 名词所有格 our school 3.Bob 的房间 物主代词 Bobs room 4.他昨天买的书 从句 the book he bought 5.会唱歌的那个学生 从句 the student who/that can sing 6.第一个到学校的人 动词短语 the first pe

4、rson to get to school 7.一个吃饭的好地方 动词短语 a good place to eat dinner 8.对音乐感兴趣的人 形容词短语 the people interested in music 9.离这儿不远的学校 形容词短语 the school not far from here 例子 1 例子 2 例子 3 例子 4 那关系代词有哪些，怎么区分这些关系代词呢？人 +who/that/.+主谓 名词 定语从句 人 +who/that +动宾 名词 定语从句 物 +which/that/.+主谓 名词 定语从句 物 +which/that +动宾 名词 定语从

5、句 通过在四组例子，有没有发现什么容易掌握的规律呢？关系代词 that，既可以用于所修饰的名词是人的，也可以用于修饰的名词是物的；关系代词 who,用于所修饰的名词是人；关系代词 which，用于所修饰的名词是物；关系代词什么时候可以省略？当定语从句的结构是“主语+谓语”时可以省略 这些技能你 get 到了吗？下面来小试身手吧。【真题集锦】33.“Underground”is the only word in the English language _begins and ends with the letters“und”.A.what B.that C.who D.whom 33.Why

6、 dont you like fishing?Fishing is a hobby needs much patience,but Im not patient at all.A.who B.that C.it D.what 32.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience_people cannot get at home.A.that B.who C.whom D.what【摸底试题】34.This is the house _ we lived in last year.A.whic

7、h B.what C.where D.whom 32.No matter where we are,when the Spring Festival comes,the family are always the people _ we want to meet.A.which B.when C.what D.who 答案：BBAAD the boy(who/that)I know the man(who/that)she will never forget the boy who/that knows me the man who/that will never forget her the

8、 flowers(which/that)she plants the speech(which/that)I gave yesterday the flowers which/that grow in the garden the speech which/that was given yesterday 【定语从句巩固训练】1.Do you know the man_is running along the street?Yes.He is our English teacher.A.who B.which C.whom D./2.I like places _ its not cold i

9、n winter.A./B.which C.where D.there 3.Shaolin Temple(少林寺)_lies(位于)in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A.where B.which C.who D.what 4.Barbara,where do you work?I work for a company _sells cars.A.which B.where C.what D.who 5.Do you know Hong Zhanhui?Yes.Hes the colle

10、ge student _has moved Chinese people a lot.A.who B.which C.what D.whom 6.This is the city _ I visited 10 years ago.A.where B./C.who D.why 7.Im a sports fan.Im interested in everything _ is about the Olympics in Beijing.A.that B.who C.where D.when 8.Even teachers cant understand some expressions(常用语)

11、_their students use in daily life.A.whose B.who C.that D.whom 9.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn,_we will enjoy the beautiful sights(风景).A.where B.when C.which D.what 10.This is the dictionary _Mum gave me for my birthday.A.which B.what C.when D.whom 11.The duty of Project Hope is to

12、 help poor children,isnt it?Yes,it has built many schools_those children can study happily.A.where B.when C.which D.what 答案：1-5 ACBAA 6-10 BACAA 11.A 二、英语书面表达专项训练 2书面表达 以“我是 的一员”为题，写一篇 80-100 字的短文，标点符号不占格。提示：你可以作为任意兴趣小组或社团的一员，或者作为家庭、班级、社区的一员，写出你的经历、感受等。内容可以包括以下几方面：Are you glad to be a member of.?Wha

13、t do you do in it?How do you feel as such a member?Im a member of.(请将题目自行补充完整，已给的单词不计入总词数)_【答案】Im a Member of the Singing and Dancing Club Hello,everyone!Im very glad Im a member of the Singing and Dancing Club.I have been in this club for 2 years.Im an actor in the club.Many students in our school

14、have joined the club,so I also have made a lot of friends.We have many activities on campus.Each week,we have two times of training.I sing and dance with my classmates on weekends.Though I am very tired,but I am always happy when I dance.All the members in the club are just brothers and sisters.I li

15、ke this club very much.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。要求以“我是 的一员”为题，写一篇短文。首先考生需要把题目补充完整，然后根据所给出的材料提示，动笔写作。文章时态主要用一般现在时和现在完成时，人称主要用第一人称。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。【点睛】首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每

16、个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，不要出现语法错误。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。3书面表达 86.目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播.有人通过看历史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史，你选择哪种方法？理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。方法 理由 看历史剧 情节有趣、通俗易懂；读历史书 资料真实、引人深思；（你的选择）（你的理由）要求：（1）词数：80100 个。（2）开头已给出，不计入总词数。（3）要点齐

17、全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Many historical plays have been on TV recently._【答案】Many historical plays have been on TV recently.Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history.They think they are interesting and easy 10 understand.Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them.S

18、ome other people think another way to learn about history is to read books on history.They believe books can tell them the true stories.They can learn and think a lot from them while reading.I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.【解析】【详解】这是一篇图表，要求介绍人们通

19、过什么方式来了解历史。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。4书面表达 根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（lucky money）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？请结合自己的实际

20、写一篇文章，词数 80 词以上，文中不能出现真实校名和人名。内容包括如下：1.你的压岁钱的来源和用途；2.对合理使用压岁钱的建议（至少 3 点）；3.呼吁大家节约用钱，把自己的压岁钱用在最需要、最有意义的地方。【答案】Every Spring Festival I receive a lot of lucky money from my parents and relatives.Now I even get it through WeChat or Alipay.I usually buy some of my favorite books,school things and some fa

21、ncy clothes.Sometimes I also buy some gifts for my parents.In order to make good use of the lucky money,I think we can do the following things.First,we should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting it on video games.Second,it is a good idea to buy something useful for our parents or

22、 teachers so that we can show our love to them.What is more,why not donate our lucky money to the poor kids in need?Helping others makes us happy.All in all,let us manage our lucky money properly.We should use our money in a meaningful way.【解析】【详解】每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（luckymoney）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越

23、来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？这是一篇给材料作文，本题所给材料比较详细，写作中注意将所给内容表达出来，不能逐字翻译。通过阅读材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态，注意谓语动词的变化。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。【点睛】文章使用了很好的短语和句子：In order to make good use of the lucky money,I think we can do the following

24、things.First,we should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting it on video games.这些给文章增色不少。5书面表达 常州市政府发文，从 2019 年 2 月 1 日起，市区禁止燃放烟花爆竹。你们班级的同学们就春节是否能燃放烟花进行了讨论。请根据表格所提供的信息,给市长写一封信介绍大家的观点，同时谈谈自己的想法。注意：1.所写内容必须包括表格中的信息，并适当发挥；2.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；3.表达，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；4.词数不少于 90。文章的开头已为你写好，不

25、计入总词数。AGREE DISAGREE 原 因 1减少空气和噪音污染，保护环境 2可能引起安全问题。如，火灾 3(发挥至少一点)1千百年来已经习惯燃放烟花 2没有烟花，过春节更无趣 3 你的观点(自拟至少两个观点)Dear Major,We have had a discussion about whether to let off fireworks at Spring Festival.All the students in our class give the ideas.【答案】Most of the students dont agree to let off fireworks

26、at Spring Festival.They think fireworks produce so much smoke that it can cause serious air pollution.Whats more,people like letting them off at midnight,it is always so noisy outside that many people cant sleep well.Also,it may cause big fire if people arent careful enough.Some children like playin

27、g with fireworks,so its dangerous for their eyes.If we dont let off fireworks,cleaners dont need to clean up so much rubbish everywhere.On the other hand,some students dont agree.They think Chinese people have been used to letting off fireworks since hundreds years ago.Moreover,Chinese traditional c

28、ulture is missing.We should protect it.People will feel less interested than before without fireworks.I think we should follow the rule because good environment is more important than anything else.Protecting environment is protecting ourselves.【解析】【详解】这是一篇材料作文。常州市政府发文，从 2019 年 2 月 1 日起，市区禁止燃放烟花爆竹。你

29、们班级的同学们就春节是否能燃放烟花进行了讨论。请根据表格所提供的信息,给市长写一封信介绍大家的观点，同时谈谈自己的想法。时态主要为一般现在时。人称主要为第三人称和第一人称。仔细阅读所给材料，认真审题，确定主题，根据主题和所给要点列出提纲，所写内容必须包括表格中的信息，可适当发挥，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范。尽量使用高分句型。要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。根据提示要点，列出本文的写作提纲。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：大多数学生不同意在春节放烟花。他们认为烟花产生的烟太多，会造成严重的空气污染。更重要的是，人们喜欢在午夜

30、放假，外面总是那么吵，很多人睡不好觉。另外，如果人们不够小心，可能会引起大火。有些孩子喜欢玩烟花，这对他们的眼睛很危险。如果我们不放烟花，清洁工就不需要到处清理那么多垃圾。另一方面，有些学生不同意。他们认为中国人几百年前就习惯放烟花了。此外，中国传统文化也缺失了。我们应该保护它。如果没有烟花，人们会比以前更不感兴趣。我认为我们应该遵守这条规则，因为良好的环境比其他任何东西都重要。保护环境就是保护我们自己。【点睛】本文思路清晰，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，层次分明，所用句式句型比较高级，像If we dont let off fireworks,cleaners dont need to cl

31、ean up so much rubbish everywhere./They think Chinese people have been used to letting off fireworks since hundreds years ago./I think we should follow the rule because good environment is more important than anything else.。书面表达题要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和高分句式，语

32、言要规范，信息表达清晰、完整，意思连贯。要学以致用。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。6假如你是李雷，你的英国笔友 David 发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。请根据提示和要求用英语给 David 回复邮件。要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议；2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；3.字数 80 词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear David,Im glad to receive your email.Heres some advice on how to learn Chinese well.

33、Best wishes.Yours，Li Lei【答案】Dear David,Im glad to receive your email.Heres some advice on how to learn Chinese well.Its a good idea to watch movies.Youll find it helpful to improve your listening skills.Reading always plays a key role in language learning,so do more reading in your spare time.In my

34、opinion,youd better make more Chinese friends.Theyll be glad to lend you a hand and it provides a good chance for you to learn about Chinese culture.Its a wise choice to use your cell phone,which allows you to use apps,QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.Practice makes perfect,so do remember to keep pract

35、icing every day!Follow the advice,and Im sure you can learn Chinese well!Best wishes.Yours,Li Lei【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友 David 写封回信，就如何才能学好中文给出建议。这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。写作需要用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，QQ或微信来学习中文等等。建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根据，理由

36、要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。7从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于 50 词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计人总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目 假如你是李华，明天下午 2:00 你要去参加“传统文化才艺展示”活动，因此不能上英语课。请用英文给你们的外教 John 写一张请假条，告诉他你要去干什么，为什么要参加这个活动以及你保证按时完成作业。提示词语:traditional talent show,Chinese culture,ask,help 提示问题:.What will you do

37、 tomorrow afternoon?Why will you take this activity?How will you finish your homework?Dear John,Im sorry to ask for absence from your English lesson._ _ Your loring student Li lHua 题目 一位好老师，胜过万卷书。在你的初中生活中，一定会有一位老师给你留下了深刻印象。某英文网站正在开展以“Thank you,my teacher”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，让更多的人认识你的老师，同时表达你

38、对他/她的感激之情。主要内容包括:哪位老师给你留下了深刻印象，发生了什么事使你印象深刻以及你想对他/她说些什么。提示词语：kind,helpful，talk with，make progress 提示问题：Which teacher impressed you most?What happened to make you impressed?What do you want to say to him/her?Thank you,my teacher _ 【答案】题目一：Dear John,Im sorry to ask for absence fom your English lesson.

39、Im going to aend a traditional talent show at 2:00 tomorrow aftermoon.In order to let the foreign students in our school know more about Chinese culture,our school holds this talent show.I will introduce Chinese painting in English.I will ask my classmates to help me with my English.And I promise to

40、 finish my homework on time.Your loring student Li Hua 题目二：Among all my teachers,my English teacher impressed me most.She is always kind and helpful.last year,I did badly in a big test and I found English too hard.As soon as she found out this,she talked with me and gave me some helpful advice.With

41、her encouragement,I have made great progress.I really want to sayThank you for helping me.I love you!to my English teacher.【解析】【详解】、题目 本文是一篇应用文，作文要求写一张请假条，因此格式要遵循假条的格式。假条的内容时间和事由均给出，结合提示问题可知假条主要从三个方面写，这三个方面需要作者自由发挥一部分内容。本例文是一篇应用文，人称为第一人称，时态是以一般将来时为主。例文分成三段，根据提示问题，每段成一行，这种写法条理清晰，分段明确。高分亮点：ask for；abs

42、ence from；一般将来时；in order to；help sb with sth；promise to do；on time。题目 题目二是一篇话题作文，根据话题可知这是一篇感谢老师的文章。人称应该为第一人称。注意给出的提示问题，文章要包含这三部分的内容。本例文以第一人称书写，时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时。文章第一段介绍“我”要感谢的老师，第二段用一般过去时介绍为什么“我”要感谢老师，第三段表达“我”的感谢。分段明确，语句简洁不啰嗦，时态运用合理。高分亮点：Among all my teachers；did badly in；As soon as；found out；talked

43、with；现在完成时；want to do sth。8 近年来，随着智能手机的普及，越来越多的学生开始使用手机来完成家庭作业。这引发了学生们是否喜欢用 app 学习的讨论，为此，英文报 Teens 将在下期开设专栏讨论这一话题，你采访了一些同学，写了一篇题为“Would you like to study on apps?”的报道。内容如下：支持者 反对者 学生们可以经常利用手机操练说英语。自从使用手机以来，视力变差。一个理由(1-2 句)一个理由(1-2 句)你喜欢在用 app 学习吗？给出你的理由(2-3 句)1.短文需包括所有内容要点，要求语句通顺，意思连贯；2.省略号后展开合理想象；3

44、.词数 90 个左右，短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数；4.短文必须写在答题卷对应的位置上，写在试卷其他部位无效。Would you like to study on apps?Smartphones are becoming more and more popular nowadays,more and more students like to use them to study.【答案】Would you like to study on apps?Smartphones are becoming more and more popular nowadays,more and more s

45、tudents like to use them to study.Students can often practice speaking English on phones.There are many exercises on apps,this makes it easier for us to learn by ourselves.But other students dont like to use them.Their eyesight has been worse since they used mobile phones.Also,they cant help playing

46、 with other apps while studying.This leads to bad results in their study.I think it is useful for us to use mobile phones.I can learn more at home without paying much money.But we should use them in a proper way.【解析】【详解】阅读题干，这是属于看法类的作文，那么在写这类作文时，首先要分别写出支持和反对两方面的看法及原因，最后要说明自己的观点看法来进行总结。亮点词汇短语：practic

47、e doing sth.练习做某事；learn by oneself 自学；lead to 导致；it is adj.for us to do sth 对某人来说，做某事是怎样的；in a proper way 以适当的方式。亮点句型：There are many exercises on apps,this makes it easier for us to learn by ourselves.应用程序上有很多练习，这使我们更容易自己学习。Make it+adj.+for sb to do sth.Their eyesight has been worse since they used

48、mobile phones.自从他们使用手机以来，他们的视力变得更差了。they cant help playing with other apps while studying.他们在学习时忍不住玩其他的应用程序。Cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事。9书面表达。因学习压力大，部分中学生的身体健康状况有所下降，这一情况已经引起社会的关注和教育部门的高度重视。假若你是来自九年级三班的李华，请根据以下内容，用英语写一份不少于 80 词的倡议书。建议大家积极多参加体育活动，提高身体素质。不得出现真实姓名。要点：1.锻炼身体的好处：strong，healthy.2.锻炼身体的方式

49、：play ball games，running，swimming.3.请你谈谈对学校开展体育锻炼的看法和建议。要求：1.内容必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数；3.语句通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；4.文中不得出现真实姓名及校名。Dear schoolmates,I am Li Hua from Class Three,Grade Nine.Health is very important to us teenagers._ _ Li Hua【答案】Dear shoolmates,I am Li Hua from Class Three,Grade Nine.H

50、ealth is very important to us teenagers.Either study or work is based on a strong body.Doing sports every day helps us keep healthy.If we dont take any exercise,we may feel tired and get sick easily.Just as we often say,“Exercise one hour a day keeps illness away.”There are many kinds of sports we c