介词的用法大全.pdf
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1、介词的用法 一.表示时间日期的介词 1 at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点 at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us 固定搭配:at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport,at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time,at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“见/闻而”。a
2、t the news at 主要表示时间点 表示特定的时间 at night a.m.在九点钟 表示不确定的时间 at night,at that time,at Christmas 在圣诞期间 当天 on 表示年龄段 at the age of eight 在 8 岁 2 in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配 in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in
3、 time.in 主要表示时间段 一般指相对较长的时间段里 in the morning,in spring,in the past ten years 在时间之后,用于将来时 He will be back in a month.介词 in 在短语或句型中的省略:1)某些形容词/过去分词后接 v-ing 形式时,v-ing 形式前的介词 in 可以省略。be busy(in)doing be engaged(in)doing(忙于)2)某些动词如 busy 等,常与反身代词连用,其后的 in 也可以省略。busy oneself(in)doing 3)某些动词如 spend、pass、was
4、te 等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。spend time(in)doing waste time(in)doing 4)在 have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。5)在句型 There is no use(in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。固定搭配:in the world,in(the)future,in the snow/rain/storm,in ink,in short,in public,
5、in ones opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air 3 on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb.on the head,on the right/left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio,on show,on earth,on ones own 注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用
6、 at,如圣诞节。一般的节日名词前用 on。on 主要指具体某一天 表示是具体的日期和星期 on Monday,on October 1st,1949.on my birthday 某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31,1999.on a fine day 在第几天 on her first day to school,on the tenth day I was in Beijing.4 by 主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。固定搭配:by the village,by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,
7、learn by heart,二.表示地点,方位的介词 5 for 主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。固定搭配:make sth.for sb.,thank sb.for sth.,for example,for sale,for free,for 表示一段时间 表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.6 of 表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。of 所有格表示的多种关系:1)从属关系:the wheel of the car 2)局部-整体关系:some of the water 3)量化关
8、系:a cup of tea 4)描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授)5)同位关系:the city of Beijing 6)动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)7)主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)固定搭配:be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of ones own,instead of,7 to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。固定搭配 to ones surprise/joy/astonishment,to the east o
9、f,key to,come up to,add up to,be open to the public,thanks to,stick to,refer to 8.during 表示一段时间 在期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事 y I studied in this university for 4 years,during that time most of my time was spent in learning English.可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词 during my visit to China,during my holiday 9.from 与 to,till 连用
10、Most people work from nine to five.多数人过着朝九晚五的生活 10.since,since+时间点 从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用 He has been here since last Sunday.自从上星期天起,她就在这里 四、容易错、常考的介词及搭配 1 be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2 call on=visit,call for=go and pick up 3 on business(出差)/strike()罢工/duty(值日)/holiday/fire/vacation
11、/watch(警戒)/sale(出售)/leave(请假)/guard(警戒)4 have some trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.,have a habit/idea/plan of doing sth.5 A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对感到满意)7 with the help of,under the leadership of 8 by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way 9 out of question(毫无疑问),out of the
12、question(毫不可能)10 prevent/stop/keep sb.from doing sth.11 be thankful to sb.for sth.12 steal sth.from sb.,rob sb.of sth.13 insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth.14 set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.15 look sb.in the face,hit sb.on the face,lead the cow by the nose 16
13、 do a favour for sb.=do sb.a favour 五、介词的惯用型 1 above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all 2 day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another 3 at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner 4 by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident,by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠),by
14、 the way 5 in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger,in need 6 to ones joy/sorrow/surprise 7 with care(仔细地),with joy/pleasure(高兴地),with ones help,with the best wishes(致以我们良好的祝愿),without difficulty(毫不困难地),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立即、马上)8 according to(依据),along with(和一起),as to(至于),because of,ex
15、cept for(除之外),instead of(代替)9 out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),out of sight,out of debt(还清了债务),out of touch(没有联系)10 at the bottom of,at the centre of,at the end of,at the top of,at the cost of(以为代价)at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of 11 in memory of(纪念),in favour of(同意)
16、,in the habit of(有习惯),in touch with(与保持联系),on the left of,on the eve of(在前夕)12 from time to time(不时地),from day to day(天天),from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右地),from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢地),from bad to worse(越来越差),from beginning to end(从头到尾),from hand to mouth(仅能糊口),from head to foot,from sta
17、rt to finish,from one to another 六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法 1)in+文字、语言、材料名词 in English(ink,pencil,capital letters)write in pen,用钢笔写 speak in a low voice 小声说话 2)with+工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词 with a branch,with ones nose,with pride,with satisfaction,with the help of,with ones permission We can see with our eyes
18、and write with our hands.I killed a fly with a fly flap.我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇 3)by 表示泛指的方式、手段 by bus,by land,by means of(用方法),by way of(经由),by doing sth.,by hand(手工),by post(由邮局传递),by letter(用写信的方式),by electricity,by hard work,by the year,by the hour(by+the+单位名词)按 4)其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法 through the radio/by
19、radio/on the radio,through/by/from practice,by telephone(on the telephone),on foot,on the train,in satisfaction,in surprise,in silence,in a low voice,in comfort,in sorrow,in high/good/poor spirits,in anger,in safety,in debt,in good order,in good/poor health,in tears,in use,in pain,七、注意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配
20、1)要求 to:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction 以 to 为中心构成短语的归纳 belong to,come to(苏醒),look forward to,lead to,stick to,refer to,turn to,drink to(为干杯),object to(反对),reply to the letter,help oneself to,sing/dance to the music(和着在声中唱/跳),devote oneself to 2)要求 in:interest,satisfaction 3)以 for 为中心构成短语的归纳 a
21、sk for,call for(去接某人),care for(关心),go in for(从事),answer for(对负责),send for,pay for,praise sb.for(赞扬某人某事),head for(向方向移动),search for,take for(误以为),leave for,prepare for(为准备),thank sb.for,make a dive for(向猛冲),make up for(弥补损失)4)以 on 为中心构成短语的归纳 come on来吧,call on拜访,pass on传递,carry on进行下去,live on sth.靠生活,
22、depend on依靠,have on穿着,have pity on 同情,look on as 把看作,push on 推动,spy on 窥探,switch/turn on 旋开,wait on 服侍,walk on 继续走,spendon 在上花费时间、金钱,operate on 给动手术,take on a new look 呈现新面貌 八、某些形容词和介词的固定搭配 1)be afraid of 担心 be afraid for 替而担心 2)be angry about/at sth.因而生气 be angry with sb.对某人发怒 3)be anxious for sth.
23、渴望 be anxious about sth./sb.担心 4)be different from 与不同 be indifferent to 不关心 5)be good at 擅长 be good for 对有益 be good of sb.to do sth.友好 6)be strict with sb.对严格 be strict in sth.7)be popular with sb.受到欢迎 be popular in some place流行在 be popular for因而流行 8)be pleased with+n.或 what 从句;be pleased at+抽象名词 听
24、、看到而高兴 9)be disappointed at sth.;be disappointed with sb.对失望 10)be known to sb.;be known with+n.或从句;be known for 因而著名 11)be absent from 缺席 12)be devoted to 献身于 13)be open to 对开放 14)be poor/clever/expert at 15)be sorry for 替/为后悔 16)be rich in be interested in 17)be proud of(take pride in)18)be satisf
25、ied with/by be sure of/about 19)be fond of,be fit for,be busy with sth.(in doing sth.)20)be late for,be ready for 21)be similar to ;be wrong with 九、吊尾介词 1)某些形容词后接不及物动词或“V+介”型短语动词的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介词。A)fit,easy,hard,good,difficult,comfortable,heavy 等形容后,常用吊尾介词。e.g.The girl is easy to get along with.B)b
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