初中英语8个动词时态时间轴、时态结构搭配图、时态简表、时态复习讲义.pdf

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1、初中英语 8 个动词时态时间轴、时态结构搭配图、时态简表、时态复习讲义 初中英语 8 个动词时态时间轴 would do(动原)过将 be:was/were going to do(动原)did(过去式)do(动原)will/shall do(动原)一过 一现 does(三单)一将 be:was/were be:am/is/are be:am/is/are going to do(动原)past now future 过进 be:was/were doing(现在分词)现进 be:am/is/are doing(现在分词)过完 had done(过去分词)现完 have/has done(过去

2、分词)现完进 have/has been doing(过去分词)初中英语 8 个动词时态结构搭配图 am/is/are +going to 1.be was/were +going to do been be:am/are does(三单)2.have/has be:is had 助动词 3.(1)do/does did(过去式)实意动词 (5 个)(5)did be:was/were (5 种形式)4.will done(过去分词)would 5.shall (只用于第一人称)doing(现在分词)should do/does/did 的用法：1.They like to study Eng

3、lish.变否定句：They do not(=dont)like to study English.变一般疑问句：Do they like to study English?肯定回答：Yes,they do.否定回答：No,they dont.划线提问：What do they like to do?2.He likes to study English.变一般疑问句：Does he like to study English?肯定回答：Yes,he does.否定回答：No,he doesnt.3.He liked to study English.变否定句：They did not(=di

4、dnt)like to study English.初中英语 8 个动词时态简表（表格+图表）时态 用法 结构 谓语动词构成 标志词 例句 一 般 现 在 时 现在的状态或经常性，习惯性的动作，也表示主语具备的性格和能力 肯定句中用动词原形及三单 否定句中用助动词 dont 和doesnt 疑问句中用 do 及三单 does 1：一般情况加 s.例：looks,puts 2：以 s,x.ch,sh,及 o 结尾加 es.例：does,goes,watches,washes,guesses,fixes.3：以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词先变 y为 i 再加 es.例：fly-flies.study

5、-studies 1、often.usually.always.sometimes.2、every+时间类：eg：every day,every week 3、On Sundays 类结构.1.We go to school on foot every day.2.They often play basketball after school.3、I always stay at home on Sunday.一 般 过 去 时 过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 肯定句中用动词过去式 否定句中用助动词 didnt 疑问句中用 did 规则变化：1，+ed.2,e 结尾+d.3,辅音字母+y

6、结尾 改 y 为 i+ed.4,双写最后一字母+ed.不规则变化：参考不规则变化表。1,yesterday 类。2,last+时间类。3,ago 类。4,in/on+过去时间。Eg;in 2001/on May 1st 2001 5.when 引导的时间状语从句 I went to Beijing yesterday.It happened many years ago.When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.一 般 将 来 时 将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 will/shall+动词原形(

7、shall 用于第一人称,will 用于所有人称)(否定句中 will not=wont)am/is/are+going to+动原 1,tomorrow 类。2,next+时间类。3,later 类。eg;three days later.4,in/on+将来时间。Eg;in 2008/on May 1st 2006 I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)时态 用法

8、 结构 谓语动词构成 标志词 例句 现 在 进 行 时 现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 be(am,is,are)+doing (doing 叫做动词的现在分词)1.一般情况加 ing,go-going,ask-asking 2.不发音字母 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing 例：write-writing close-closing 3.以重读闭音节，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写再加 ing.例：get-getting.sit,cut,hit,put,forget,run,begin,swim,shop,stop,prefer 1.now 2.

9、look、listen 3.these days 4.上下文提示 What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)过 去 进 行 时 过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作 was/were+doing 同上 then,at that time,this time yesterday,at(eight)yesterday(morning),(a year)ago,由 when 引出的时间状语从句 He was cooking supper this time y

10、esterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)5，soon,right away.(时间状语与一般过去时时间状语相同，但更具体，更精确)时态 用法 结构 谓语动词构成 标志词 例句 现 在 完 成 时 已完成:动作在说话之前已经完成，而且对现在有影响，句中无具体的过去时间 未完成：动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 have/has+done 同一般过去时态 already,yet,eve

11、r,never,before 等 Have you decided yet?I have never seen such fine pictures before.recently,just,over these years,in the past few days/weeks,I have just phoned him.注意：just(刚刚)用于现在完成时态，Just now(刚才)用于一般过去时 2.刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态 since+段时间+ago since+点时间 since+句子（一般过去时）for+段时间 I have lived here since 20 years a

12、go.I have lived here since 1993.I have lived here since I came to this city.I have lived here for 20 years.注意：肯定句中，非延动词改成延续 3.从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态 续下去，常和段时间连用 4.从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态 so far,this morning/week/year,in my life We have learned so many things from you so far.I havent seen any bird like this in my

13、 life.5.过去的体验和经历 before,ever,once,twice,many times 等 Have you ever been to Canada?注意：have/has been to 到过某地 have/has gone to 已去某地 时态 用法 结构 谓语动词构成 标志词 例句 过 去 完 成 时 在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”had+done(过去分词)同一般过去时态 1.by,before 等构成的短语，2.when,before,until 等引导的从句 3.通过上下文表示 We had reached the

14、 station before ten oclock.When I got there,you had already started playing.By the end of last year we had built five new houses.过去将来时 从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 would+动词原形 was(were)going to+动词原形 常用在宾语从句中。I didnt know if she would come.I wasnt sure whether he would do it.Wang Lei said that she was goin

15、g to visit her uncle next Saturday 现在完成进行时(了解)一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征 have/has been doing(现在分词)同现在进行时 同现在完成时 I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)初中英语 8 个动词时态复习讲义 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第

16、三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es：规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在 t 后读ts,在 d后读dz。)play leave swim plays leaves swims 以字母 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的词加-es，读iz,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass fix teach wish do passes fixes teaches wishes does 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变y 为 i,再加-es,读z。study carry fly studies carries flies 注意：动词 have 的

17、第三人称单数是 has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1.cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_ 6.enjoy _7.go _ 8 receive _9 cry_10.close _ 11.drive _ 12.choose _13.play _14.reach _ 二.一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、usually、often、hardly ever、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。e.g.He often goes swimming in sum

18、mer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。2）表示现在的状态。e.g.My father is at work.He is very busy.我父亲在工作，他很忙。The boy is twelve.这男孩十二岁。3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。e.g.All my family love football.我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English

19、but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。e.g.The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。5)表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。e.g.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。He comes bac

20、k tonight.他今晚回来。6)在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作（可以总结为“主将从现”四个字）。e.g.Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job,they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。巩固练习：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends.（改写成否定句）_ 2、Aunt Lis son

21、 has ten toy bears.（对划线部分提问）_ 3、His watch costs 300 yuan.（变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ 4、I like being a nurse for the old.（变成一般疑问句）_ 5.John told his little daughter the earth_ from the west to the east.AMoved Bmoving Cmoves Dmove 6.Betty will call me up when she _ in Beijing.A.has arrived B.arrives C.arrived D.wi

22、ll arrive 7.(2020 山东青岛)Happiness _ in the doctors eyes every time she sees a patient get well.(shine)8.(2019 山东青岛)Jack is a good learner because he always _ what he needs to learn with something interesting.（connect）一般过去时 一、动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则 动词原形 动词过去式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在 t,d后读id。look

23、play work looked played worked 结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加-d like live hope liked lived hoped 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed plan stop drop planned stopped dropped 结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed study worry cry studies worries cries 注：不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册书 P142 和九年级书 P184-185 写出下列动词的过去式形式。1.put _2.drink _3.cry _4.pull

24、 _5.ride _ 6.begin _7.sit _8.run _9.take _ 10.sweep _ 11.stop _ 12.solve _13.rob _14.wait _15.lie _ 16.turn _17.explore _18.drop _19.clean _20.produce _ 21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _ 二.一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,the other day,in

25、1982 等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用 after，几年后。e.g.Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了？After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与 often,always 等表示频度的副词连用。e.g.When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与 today,this week,this m

26、onth,this year 等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。e.g.Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？巩固练习：1、Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)_ 2、He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)_ 3.-Oh,my God!I _ you were in Beijing,too!When did you come?-I have lived in Beijing since 2015.A.dont know B.didnt know C.ha

27、vent known D.wasnt known 4.-Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?-Not really.I just _ at home.A.stay B.stayed C.will stay D.am staying 5.（2020 山东青岛）The boy _ high praise for his efforts to help his classmates last term.（win）6.（2019 山东青岛）He _ to hand in his science report last week.（require）一般

28、将来时 一、一般将来时的构成：助动词 will+动词原形 在口语中，will 在名词或代词后常缩为ll，will not 常简缩为 wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I 和 we）时，常用助动词 shall。e.g.Shell go to play basketball.她要去打篮球。Shall we go to the zoo?我们要去动物园吗？二、一般将来时的用法 1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,next year等连用 e.g.Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2.表示将来经常或反复

29、发生的动作。e.g.Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3.表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用 be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用。e.g.I think shell go back home for supper.我想她会回家吃饭。Maybe shell go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。三、be going to+do，表示将来。1.表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算

30、常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。e.g.What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。2.表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。e.g.Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3.注意：be going to 和 will 之间的区别。1两者都用于预测时，be going to 意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测

31、；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。2两者在时间的发生上，be going to 通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will 不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。e.g.He is gong in to be better.他的病就要好起来了。He will be better.他的病会好起来了。3两者都表示意图时，be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思；will 则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。4在条件壮语从句中，be going to 表将来,will 表意愿。e.g.If you are going to make a jour

32、ney,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。注：以下四和五两个用法一般性了解即可。四.be+不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。e.g.We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。五.be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确

33、将来时的时间状语连用。e.g.He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。巩固练习：1.Mrs.Brown is going to buy a digital camera.（对划线部分提问）_ 2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow.（用 often 改写句子）_ 3.Sam will visit Brazil next week.（变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ 4.With the development of science and technolo

34、gy，robot cooks _ in our families in the future.A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.is appearing 5.I dont know if I him this evening.If I him,I will give the novel to him.A.will meet;will meet B.will meet;meet C.meet;will meet D.meet;meet 6.（2020 山东青岛）A classical concert _ online next month.（hold）7.（

35、2019 山东青岛）English Day is coming,and we _ an English party soon.(organize)过去将来时 一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、was/were going to+动词原形 二、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。e.g.He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、表示过去的某种习惯，只要 would。e.g.Whenever he has

36、 been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。巩固练习：1.He said that he (come)back tonight.2.I thought it （rain）soon.现在进行时 一、现在进行时的构成：am/is/are+doing(动词的现在分词)二、动词 V-ing(动词的现在分词)的构成形式 规则 原形-ing 形式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing listen spend stay listening spending staying 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing have

37、 prepare close having preparing closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing sit begin run put sitting beginning running putting 以 ie 为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉 e,把 i 改为 y,再加-ing lie die lying dying 以 er 结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写 r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ing prefer water swim run preferring watering swimming runn

38、ing 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 三、现在进行时的用法：1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与 now,right now,at this moment等时间壮语连用。e.g.We are waiting for you now.我们正在等你。2.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。e.g.Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另

39、一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与 always,constantly,forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。e.g.You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。4.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin 等。e.g.The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warm

40、er.天越来越热了。5.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。1表移动的终止性动词（come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。e.g.Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon.火车要到了。2一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。e.g.Are you staying here till next week?你会在这儿呆到下周吗？巩固练习：1.Bruce often writes letters in English.（用 no

41、w 改写句子）_ 2.They are surfing.（对划线部分提问）_ 3.（2019 山东青岛）Where is Grace?She is at the gate of the theatre.She _ in line to buy tickets.(wait)4.(2018 黄石)More and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese,and many of them _Chinese better and better now.A.are spoken B.spoke C.has spoken D.are speaking 过去

42、进行时 一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+doing(动词的现在分词)二、过去进行时的用法：1.表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。e.g.At this moment yesterday,I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2.表移动的动词，如 come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。e.g.She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假

43、。3.在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。e.g.It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4.在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。e.g.One night,he was typing in his study.Suddenly,a man broke into h

44、is house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源 巩固练习：1.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 2.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading；fell C.was reading；was falling D.read；fell 3.（2020 山东青岛）Lucy _ the new

45、books when I entered the classroom.(give out)4.(2017 上海)Some exchange students with their host families this time yesterday.A.are chatting B.will chat C.were chatting D.have chatted 5.(2016 天津)My mother_ dinner when I got home yesterday.A.has cooked B.was cooking C.will cook D.cooks 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的构成

46、：助动词 have/has+done 动词的过去分词 二、过去分词的构成：过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变化的过去分词见九年级教科书 P184-185不规则动词表。写出下列动词的过去分词形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、现在完成时的用法 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just

47、，before 等词连用。e.g.Have you ever cooked at home?你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用 How long.e.g.It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。They have learned E

48、nglish for eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用 appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop 等。e.g.He has joined the army for five years.（错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I

49、 have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago 等。3have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别：have/has been to have/has gone to 试举例：4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如 yester

50、day,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years.（强调他是团员）巩固练习：1、-Do you know our to