主语和主语从句.pdf

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1、主语 一.主语的概念 主语，指句子所要说明或表达的人或事物，是句子的主体，是动作的发起者。它的位置一般在句首。Qian Xuesen is a well-known scientist.钱学森是一个著名的科学家。（名词作主语）She likes listening to music.她喜欢听音乐。（代词作主语）Three and five is eight.3 加 5 等于 8.（数词作主语）What we shall do next is not yet decided.下一步我们做什么还没有决定下来。（主语从句作主语）It is difficult to climb a mountain.

2、爬山很难。（it 作形式主语，真正的主语是划下线的）It is said that the plane will take off at 8 tomorrow morning.据说飞机将在明天早上 8 点起飞。（it 作形式主语，真正的主语是划下线的）*比如：.我长长的伸了一个懒腰。这句话中，陈述的对象是“我”。“我”是施动者，做了一件事，伸懒腰。.中国人民站起来了。这句话中，陈述的对象是“中国人民”。“中国人民”做了什么呢？他们站起来了，“中国人民”是“站起来了”的施动者。.小鸟轻轻的落在我的肩上。这句话中，陈述的对象是“小鸟”，“小鸟”是施动者。小鸟做了什么呢？它落到了我的肩上。小结：陈述

3、的对象是指一句话中讲的是谁，是“谁”在做什么，“谁”就是主语。施动者是指做这个动作（行为）的主体，简单说就是谁做了这个动作（行为）谁就是主语。二.英语中常见的主语表示法(一)词类作主语 1.名词作主语 David arrived last night.大卫昨晚到达。Pride goes before a fall（n.跌倒）.骄必败。2.代词作主语 Who is speaking,please?（在电话中）请问您是谁？Thats OK.这没问题。3.数词作主语 Two will be enough.两个就够了。Two-thirds of the workers are women.三分之二的工

4、人是女工。4.副词、介词短语作主语 Slowly is exactly how he speaks.Between 8 and 9 will suit me.5.名词化的形容词作主语。the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作主语。The young should respect the old.The dying and the wounded needed help.The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。(二)非谓语类作主语 1.不定式作主语 (通常用 it 作形式主语)It

5、 is a pity not to go to the concert with you.It took us five hours to get here.To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身体好。疑问词+to 复合结构 What to do next hasnt been decided How to do well is an important question.如何把这件事

6、做好是一个重要问题。2.v-ing（动名词）作主语 (通常用 it 作形式主语)Smoking is bad for your health.Buying clothes cost her a lot of money.It is no good complaining.Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。*【注意】(1)It is important learning foreign languages.(误)(2)It is important to

7、 learn foreign languages.(正)V-ing 作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式结构作主语通常表示具体动作。(1)Its no use crying over spilt milk.(2)He realized that to go on like this was no use.（三）从句作主语 What has happened proves that our policy is right.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。Whether well go depends on the weather.我们是否去要看天气。that 从句作主语时，通常用 it 作形式主语)

8、。It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.（四）几种特殊的形式主语（可以按照固定句型去记）1.It+doesnt matter（没关系；无关紧要）+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.2.Its time that(该了；是的时间了)Its time that we set about doing our homework.*3.If it were not for(若不是因为)If it were not for the fa

9、ct that you are ill,I would ask you to do this right now.主语从句 一、定义 在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.特点：主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制.二、主语从句主要有四类（连词位于主句的句首时不能被省略）1.由连词 that 引导的主语从句。That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，这是个奇迹。（that he is still al

10、ive 这个句子充当主语）（=It is a wonder that he is still alive.他还活着，这是个奇迹。其中 it做形式主语，真正主语是 that he is still alive）that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语 it，则 that 可以省略：（1）That you didnt go to the talk was a pity.很遗憾你没去听报告。(that 不可省)（2）It was a pity(that)you didnt go to the talk.很遗憾你没去听报

11、告。(that 可省)2.用连词 whether 引导的主语从句：whether 在句中表示“是否”，不可以省，也不可换成 if。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们，这是个问题。3.用连接代词引导的主语从句（在由连接代词 who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever 引导的名词性从句中，连接代词在句中充当一定成分，不可以省略）。（whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who;whomever=anyone w

12、hom;whichever=anything which;）What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这。wh-从句作主语时，注意用陈述语序。主语从句大多数情况下视为三单，但也有例外，需要根据主谓宾或主系表的单复数一致来判断。E.g.What we need are good doctors.4.用连接副词 when,where,why,how 引导的名词性从句（连接副词在句中作状语，不可以省略）。When we arrive doesnt matter.我们什么时候到达无所谓。三

13、、主语从句与形式主语 it 有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语 it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：1.对于以连词 that 引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句放在句首，真正主语放在句尾。It is certain that he will win the match.他将会在比赛中赢，这是肯定的。2.对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语 it 代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们是个问题。It was a problem

14、whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们是个问题。3.对关系代词型 what 引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。扩展：It is clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。4.如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语 it 的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father?他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again?你怎么又迟到了？四、主语从句的特点（一）分析下列例句中，主

15、句和从句的时态 That we shall be late is certain.我们将会迟到是肯定的了。/我们一定会迟到。（we shall be late 做主语）注：“shall”和“will”在例句中是助动词，表示“将要”，后加动词原形构成将来时。Shall 用于主语是第一人称 I/we 时，will 可用于主语是任何人称时。That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.It was a problem whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们是个问题。特点：主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制.（二）分析下列例句中，主句谓语动词的单复数 What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。It is clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。Is it true that he is the girls father?他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again?你怎么又迟到了？小结：（1）为避免头重脚轻，常以形式主语 it 引导从句。It+谓语+从句。（2）由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语 it 的谓语动词也用单数形式。