定语从句讲解详细.pdf

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1、专题：定语从句（Attributive Clause）置于他所修饰的名词或（代词）之后，这种名词或代词叫先行词。（antecedent）引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词 知识总结归纳（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系

2、词+定语从句。1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。松散的修饰关系。1.water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.2.Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and

3、wet,started crying.Part one:Find out the relative pronouns 1.The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers.2.Our class is a big family which consists of 30 girls and 21 boys.3.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.(Of which)4.The school where we are studying is

4、very beautiful.5.He was a foreigner,as I knew from his accent.归 指代人 纳 指代事物 所属关系 who whom that as which that as 关系代词 whose 总 指地点 结 指时间 指原因 where when 关系副词 why 注意事项:1.从句的位置:先行词之后 2.翻译方法:“.的”3.构成：关系词 (关系代词/关系副词)Part two:考点与难点归纳:1.that 与 which 2.对 the way 的考查 考点 3.介词+关系词 4.as 的使用 5.对 where 的考查 难点 6.综合考查

5、 考点 1：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.Answers:1)that 2)that 3)th

6、at 4)which 5)which 1:先行词是 everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none 等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用 that 不用 which。2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用 that。3:先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that。4:先行词被 the very,the only 等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用 that。5：当先行词前面有 who/which 等疑问代词时，只用 that

7、。考点 2：the way 用做先行词 高考题链接：1.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04 湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which Answers:A 介词+关系代词的情况 1 The man whom you spoke to was a scientist.The city which she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况 2 Are these two sentences right?The

8、man to(who)whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in(that)which she lives is far away.可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况 3 下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?(不能)The old man whom I am looking after is better.(不能)在固定短语中介词不能提前 考点 3：介词+关系词 1.Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is tal

9、king?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris .4.This is the child _ I will take care of.5.(06 浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.which Answers:1.to whom 2.with which 3.on whic

10、h 4.whom/that 5.B 练习:介词+关系代词的使用 1.Do you like the book _she spent$10?2.Do you like the book _she paid$10?3.Do you like the book _ she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book _ she often talks?5.He built a telescope _ he could study the skies.6.There is a tall tree outside,_ stands our teacher.7.China h

11、as a lot of rivers,the second longest _is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows;most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.Answers:1.on which 2.for

12、 which 3.from which 4.about which 5.through which 6.under which 7.of which 8.from which 9.to which 10.of which 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 1.I am reading Harry Porter,_which_ is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._this_ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_which _made his parents angry.4.He h

13、as two sons.Both of _them_ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _which_ are teachers.as 引导的非限制性定语从句 The earth is round.It is known to all.The earth is round,which/as is known to all._As_ is known to all,the earth is round _It_ is known to all that the earth is round.定语从句在句首时只能用 as,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动

14、词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected 难点一：as 的用法 用 asthatwhich 填空:1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Answers:1.as

15、 2.that 3.As 4.which 归纳：as 引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被 such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成 suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。as 在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与 which 引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as,意为“正如、恰如”。模拟训练 1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.（04 模拟训练）A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him 2.Mrs.Black took

16、 the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.（05 模拟训练）A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;that D.as the same;as Answers:1.C 2.B 难点二：一些特殊词之后的 where where 引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。2.The country is in the situation wh

17、ere a war will break out at any time.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。解析：如果定语从句分别修饰 point,situation,part,condition 和 case 等表示抽象意义的词，常用 where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。高考题链接：1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06 山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when 2.-Do you have anything to say

18、 for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06 江西）A.why B.where C.how D./Answers:1.C 2.D 做题要灵活;要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。难点三.综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力 综合考查一：定语从句与强调句 wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I bor

19、rowed the book.3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when Answers:1.where 2.that 3.C 综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句 that/which 1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.Answers:1.that 2.that/which 综合考查三：定语从句与表语从

20、句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which Answer:C 对比与巩固:1.We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2.We should go to the place_ needs us most.A.it B.where C.that D.

21、what 3.It was October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time.4.It was in October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.while 5.He is such a good teacher_ we all like him.6.He is such a good teacher_ we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.which Answers:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 巩固练习 把

22、that,which 或 who 填入下列空白处 1.He did all/everything _ he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked

23、 with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.Answers:!-8 that 把 that,which,whose,whom or who 填入空格 9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made ot

24、hers upset.12.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.Answers:9.that 10.that 11.which 12.which 13.whom 14.whose 定语从句和 06 高考：1.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recogniz

25、e who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.(重庆)A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 2.Look out!Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.what(福建)3.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more peopl

26、e to keep it running,_ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.(江苏)A.who B.that C.as D.which 4.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students_ Chinese in the school,most were from Germany.(辽宁)A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom 5.I was given three books on

27、cooking,the first_ I really enjoyed.(浙江)A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 6.We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came to us,_ we gave some bells and glasses.(湖南)A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 7.-Do you have anything to say for ourselves?-There is one po

28、int _ we should insist on.(江西)A.where B.why C.How D./8.We are trying to reach a point_ two sides will sit down together and talk.(山东）where B.when C.that D.which 9.She was educated at Beijing ,_ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(陕西)A.after which B.from which C.from that D.after that 10.T

29、he Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.(天津)A.what B.that C.how D.as 11.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A.who;/B./;who C.who;who D./;/9.She was educated at Beijing ,_ she went on to have

30、her advanced study abroad.(陕西)A.after which B.from which C.from that D.after that 10.The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.(天津)A.what B.that C.how D.as 11.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ do

31、nt.A.who;/B./;who C.who;who D./;/Answers:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.C 04 高考回放 1.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(2004,全国卷 I)A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which 2.There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands

32、.(2004，全国卷 II)A.where B.which C.when D.that Answers:1.C 2.A 05 高考回放 1.I have many friends,some _ are businessmen.(2005，全国 II 卷)A.why B.from which C.who of D.of whom 2 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.(2005，上海卷)A.that B.which C.when D.where 3I wal

33、ked in our garden,_ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.(2005,辽宁卷)A.which B.when C.where D.that 4.Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer what it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.(2005，安徽卷)A.when B.which C.what D.that 5.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.（2005，浙江卷）A.which B.that C.this D.it 6.Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.(2005,湖北卷)A.who B.that C.what D.which Answers:1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.D