初中英语介词用法归纳整理.pdf

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1、 1 24 初中英语介词用法归纳整理 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于初中英语介词用法归纳整理的内容，具体内容：初中英语介词的用法有很多，知识点也不少，想要学好初中英语介词的话，最好整理好初中英语介词知识点。以下是我分享给大家的初中英语介词用法归纳，希望可以帮到你!初中英语介词用法归纳.初中英语介词的用法有很多，知识点也不少，想要学好初中英语介词的话，最好整理好初中英语介词知识点。以下是我分享给大家的初中英语介词用法归纳，希望可以帮到你!初中英语介词用法归纳 表示时间的介词 at：用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用 on i

2、n:用于表示周，月，季节，年，泛指上午，下午，晚上 before:在.之前 after:在.之后 by:在.前(时间)截止(到).until(till)：直到.为止 for：达.之久(表示过了多少时间)during：在.期间 2 24 through：一直.(从开始到结束)from：从.起(时间)since:自从.以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)in：过.后(未来时间)within：不超过.的范围 表示场所，方向的介词 at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)on:在.上面，有接触面 above：在.上方 over：在.正上方，是 under 的反义词 u

3、nder：在.下面，在.之内 below:在.下方(不一定是正下方)near：近的，不远的 by:在.的旁边，比 near 的距离要近 between：在两者之间 among：在三者或者更多的之中 around：环绕，在.的周围，在.的四周 in front of:在.的前面 behind：在.后边 in：在.之内，用于表示静止的位置 into：进入 3 24 out of:和 into 一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 along：沿着 across：横过(平面物体)through：贯通，通过 to:达到.地点(目的地)或方向 for：表示目的，为了.from：从.地点起 其他介词 with：和

4、.在一起;具有，带有;用某种工具或方法 in：表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时，不用 with 而用 in。by:通过.方法，手段 of:(属于).的，表示.的数量或种类 from：来自(某地，某人)，以.起始 without：没有，是 with 的反义词 like:像.一样 as:作为 against：反对，靠着 about：关于，各处，四周;询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议 初中英语几大从句归纳总结 v 宾语从句 一.定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子 4 24 如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher

5、when he grew up.二.宾语从句有三种类型：1.由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词 that 常可被省略。例如：I hope(that)they will have fun.Mary said that she felt sleepy.Cant you see(that)Im a bird?注意：(1)当主句的谓语动词是 think,believe 等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。如：I dont think he will come.我认为他不会来。(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从

6、句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词 that 一般不可以省略。如：He told me(that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2.由从属连词 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句表示是否(有，能，已经.)等一般疑问句的含义。例如：I wonder whether(if)he lives here.3.由连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which 和连接副词when,where,how,why 等引导的宾语从句表示谁，谁的，什么，哪(个，些)，何时，何地，怎样，为什么等等特殊

7、疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now?I wondered how old his brother 5 24 was.三.宾语从句的时态呼应：主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现 1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。3.情态动词 must 一般不用

8、于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。四.宾语从句的语序 1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow 2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词 如：She asked me who had helped him v 状语从句 英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。一.时间状语从句：在

9、一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接词：when(当.时候)while(当.时候)as(当.时候)after(在.以后)before(在.以前)as soon as(一.就)6 24 since(自从.到现在)till/until(直到.才)by the time(到.为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。1.when 当.的时候(一般情况下：主将从现)I will become a teacher when I grow up 2.while 当.时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as 在.的同时;一边.一边.He s

10、miled as he stood up.4.after 在.之后 He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在.之前 Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一.就.(一般情况下：主将从现)We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since

11、自.以来 到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)7 24 8 till/until 直到 都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till/until it was dark.Xiao Ming didnt le

12、ave home till/until his father came back.9.by the time 到.为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there,his father has already gone.By the time I got to school,the class had already began.用法辨析：1.when,while 和 as 的区别 When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且 when 有时表示就在那时。例如：When she came in,I stopped eati

13、ng.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.I like p

14、laying football while you like playing basketball.我喜 8 24 欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)As 表示一边.一边，as 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as 也可以强调一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as 表示一边.一边)As we was going out,it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as 强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)as when while 都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：

15、as 表示一边。一边的意思 when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。2、when=and then;at that moment(正在那个时候)3.常用于常见搭配中 while 1、用于时间较长时 2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。lt was raining hard when(as)I got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。(动作同时发生，when 可换为 as,但不能 9 24 换为 while，因为 get 是点动词.)When I had read the article,he called me.我看

16、完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。(从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用 when)When I got to the cinema,the film had begun.(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用 when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave,when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。(此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 正在 即将.while,as 不能代替 She thought I was talking about her daughter,while,in fact,I was

17、 talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when,as 都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir,the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while 后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially as(when/while)father was a

18、way.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时 10 24 as,when,while 可通用)2.由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句。till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用 until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。3.由 since 引导的时间状

19、语从句。since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在 It is+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。知识扩展 1.It is.since 从.以来多长时间了 It is five years since we met last time.2.It is.+before.(。才。)It was a long ti

20、me before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。11 24 连接词：由连词 because,since,as 引导,也可由 for,now that 等词引导 1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.2.Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然。3.As you are in poor health,you shoul

21、d not stay up late.既然。4.I asked her to stay to tea,for I had something to tell her.用法辨析：because,since,as,for 辨析 1)because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since。I didnt go,because I was afraid.Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.2)由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且

22、前面有逗号，则可以用 for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.三、条件状语从句 连接词：if 如果,unless(=if not)如果不、除非(让步)1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go hiking.2.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.3.You will be late unless you

23、leave immediately.=If you dont leave immediately,you will be late.12 24 条件状语从句：主将从现.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.四、目的、结果状语从句 目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子 目的状语从句连接词 so that,so.that,in order that 引导。结果状语从句连接词 so.that,such.that,so much/many.that引导。1.so.that 如此.以至于 He al

24、ways studied so hard that he made great progress.2.so that 以至于,以便于 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me.(目的)I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)3.such.that 如此.以至 Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.4.in order that=so that 为了 We shall let you kno

25、w the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.5.比较：so 和 such 其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many,few,much,little 连用，形成固定搭配。13 24 so nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many/few flowerssuch nice flowers so many peoplesuch a lot of peop

26、le (so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such 搭配。)难点 so+形容词或副词 so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词 so+many/few+复数可数名词 so+much/little+不可数名词 so.that 与 such.that 皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school so+adj/adv.+that，such+n.+th

27、at 以上两种句型都表示结果 so 为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，可数名词前有 many,few;不可数名词前有 much,little 修饰时，应采用句型：so many(few,much,little)+n.such 为形容词,后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词 a(an).常见的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden,such(nice)people.五、让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子 连接词：though,although.，whether.or not 难点：though,alt

28、hough 当虽然讲,都不能和 but 连用.14 24 Although/though.but 的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同 yet(still)连用.所以 thought(although).yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong:Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right:Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐.Right:Although we have grown up,our parents treat us as children Right:Alth

29、ough we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although,though 辨析 although 不能作并列连词，although 不能作副词，放在词尾表示强调时要用 even though.1、Even though I didnt under a word,I kept smiling.尽管 【典型例题】1)_she is young,she knows quite a lot.A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless 2)ever

30、if,even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.3)whether.or not 不管.都 Whether you believe it or not,it is true.no matter 从句 结构：no matter+特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序 或特殊疑问词+后 15 24 缀 ever+陈述语序 No matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.替换：no matter what=whatever

31、 no matter who=whoever no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。(错)No matter what you say is not useful now.(对)Whatever you say is not useful now.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say 是主语从句)(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter w

32、hat theyre given,(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么 v 定语从句 定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定语从句的连接词：1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that 2.连接副词：when、where、why 选用连接词的关键是看先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词或代词)16 24 一、连接代词的选用：1.w

33、ho 指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom 指人，先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。3.which 指物，先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom;指物

34、时，相当于 which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,译成.的 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.指物时，常用以下结构来代替 Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do

35、you like the book the color of which is yellow?介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+连接代词引导 The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.17 24 The school in which he once studied is very famous.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for,look after,take care of 等 This is the watch which/that I am lo

36、oking for.(T)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)2.若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者that;指物时用 which，不能用 that;连接代词是所有格时用 whose The man with whom you talked is my friend.The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)3.介词+连接代词前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few 等代词或者

37、数词 He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom are from big cities 二、连接副词的选用：1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to the scho

38、ol.2.where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 18 24 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词引导的从句替换 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to

39、 know what he wanted when he grew up.Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)例 1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one 例 2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A.whereB.that

40、 C.on whichD.the one 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)四、介词+连接词用法说明 1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that 前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词 when,where 和 why 互换 19 24 如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This

41、is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例：china is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语

42、从句举例：his mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)his brother,who is now a doctor,always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as

43、和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。20 24 (1)he married her,as/which was natural.(2)he was honest,as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as 有正如.，正像.的意思 as is known to all,china is a developing country.he is from

44、 the south,as we can see from his accent.john,as you know,is a famous writer.he has been to paris more than several times,which i dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which tom was always late for school,which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受 such,the same 修饰时，常用 as i have never heard such a story as

45、he tells.he is not such a fool as he looks.this is the same book as i lost last week.注意：当先行次由 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但是和由 as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 she wore the same dress that she wore at marys wedding.她穿着她在 mary 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。21 24 以 the w

46、ay 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which,that 引导，而且通常可以省略。the way in which/that/./he answered the question was surprising.but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 there are very few but understand his idea.(but=who dont)定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1.当先行词是 anything,everything,nothing(something 除外),few,all,none,little,some 等代词时，或者是由 every,any,all

47、,some,no,little,few,much 等修饰时 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?All that can be done has been done.There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the B

48、ig Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被 the very,the only 修饰时 This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the 22 24 meeting?5.当先行词前面有 who,which 等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing t

49、here?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?初中英语学习方法总结 一、日常学习法 1.制定长远目标，明确每节课的学习任务 根据不同学习阶段及自身能力确立一个跳一跳才能够得着的长远目标。有了目标就有了学习动力，有了责任感、紧迫感及努力方向。另外还要学会根据不同课型确定每节课的认知小目标，这样一开始上课，就会受到目标的激励，使大脑处于兴奋状态，才能定向注意，专心致志地去主动学习，提高学习效率。2.争取课内外各种机会多练习英语 语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的

50、。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。3.课前预习，有备而听 预习是个人独立的阅读和思考。它可以培养学习者快速阅读抓主旨大意、抓主要信息、依据上下文猜测词义的能力，也可以培养分析综合及归纳概括、自己发现问题及解决问题等能力。预习也像火力侦察，可发现疑难引起思考，一方面可促使学习者自己查阅有关资料，查阅字典，另一 23 24 方面可减少听课的盲目性，增强听课效果。4.专心上课，有心识记 上课是学生学习的主渠道，而学好英语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住，需要时能运用自如。因此，上课时应高