初中英语语法专题介词用法总结.pdf
《初中英语语法专题介词用法总结.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语语法专题介词用法总结.pdf(13页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、初中英语介词用法总结 第 1 页 共 13 页 初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition):也叫前置词。在英语里,它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当成分。介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词 v-ing).介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。介词的种类:(1)简单介词:about,across,after
2、,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with 等等。(2)合成介词:inside,into,outside,throughout,upon,without,within (3)短语介词:according to,along with,apart from,because of,in front of,in spite of,instead of,owing to,up to,with r
3、eguard to (4)分词介词:considering,reguarding,including,concerning 介词短语:构成 介词+名词 We go to school from Monday to Saturday.介词+代词 Could you look for it instead of me?介词+动名词 He insisted on staying home.介词+连接代/副词 I was thinking of how we could get there.介词+不定式/从句 He gives us some advice on how to finish it.介词
4、的用法:一、介词 to 的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+to adjust to 适应,attend to 处理;照料,agree to 赞同,amount to 加起来达,belong to 属于,初中英语介词用法总结 第 2 页 共 13 页 come to 达到,drink to 为干杯,get to 到达,happen to 发生在某人身上,hold to 紧握,lead to 通向,listen to 听,occur to 想起,object to 反对,point to 指向,respond to 回答,refer to 参考;指的是;涉及,reply to 回答,see t
5、o 负责,stick to 坚持,turn to 求助,write to 给某人写信。b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.announce to 通知某人,describe to 向某人描述,explain to 向某人解释,express to 对某人表达,mention to 提及,nod to 向某人点头,report to 报告,say to 告知,shout to 对某人大叫,suggest to 对某人提建议,speak to 与某人交谈,talk to 跟某人谈话,whisper to 和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+to+sth./sb.add to增加,compa
6、re to比作,carry to运送至,devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给,invite to 邀请参加,join to 连接到,leave to 委托给,reduce to 下降至,sentence to 判处,take to 带到。2.be+形容词/过去分词+to be alive to 觉察;晓得,be attentive to 注意;留心,be awake to 知晓,be blind to 缺乏眼光,be close to 紧挨着,be common to 对某人来说很普通,be contrary to 违反;反对,be devoted to 致力,be dea
7、f to 不愿意听,be equal to 有的力量,be exposed to 暴露;遭受,be fair to 对公平,be familiar to 对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to 对某人心存感激,be good to 对有好处,初中英语介词用法总结 第 3 页 共 13 页 be harmful to 对有危害,be important to 对重要,be kind to 友好对待,be known to 周知于,be married to 嫁给,be moved to 转移到,be near to 靠近,be necessary to 对有必要,be opposite t
8、o 在对面,be opposed to 反对,be pleasant to 合某人之意,be proper to 专属,be polite to 礼貌待人,be rude to 粗暴对待,be relative to 与有关,be strange to 不习惯,be similar to 类似,be suitable to 适合,be true to 忠实,be thankful to 感激,be useful to 对有用,be used to 习惯。3.to+名词构成的词组 to a degree 在某种程度上,to date 到现在为止,to one s feet 跳起来,to one
9、s mind 照看来,to one s surprise使吃惊,to one s taste符合胃口,to oneself独自享用,to order定做,to the letter 不折不扣地,to the point 中肯地 二、at 的常见用法 at 构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。1.动词+at arrive at 抵达,call at 访问某地,catch at(it)当场抓住,come at 攻击,fire at 向开火,glance at 瞟一眼,glare at 怒目而视,grieve at 忧伤,knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑,look at 看一眼,pull at
10、 拉扯,rejoice at 对高兴,smile at 向某人微笑,shoot at 朝射击,stare at 怒目而视,thrust at 刺向,tear at 撕,tremble at 颤抖,wonder at 吃惊,work at 工作。2.be+形容词/过去分词+at be angry at恼怒于,be alarmed at对保持警觉,be astonished at对吃惊,be bad at不擅长,be clever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴,be disgusted at 厌恶,be disappointed at对失望,be good at 擅长,
11、be impatient at 对不够耐心,be mad at 狂热于,be pleased at 对感到高兴,be present at 出席,be satisfied at 满意,be surprised at 吃惊,be shocked at 对非常初中英语介词用法总结 第 4 页 共 13 页 震惊,be terrified at 受到的恐吓,be quick at 对很机敏。3.at+名词构成的词组 at a distance 在一定距离,at a loss 不知所措,at a time 一次,at all 一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best 最好也只是,a
12、t first 起初,at hand 手头,at heart 在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last 最后,at least 至少,at most 最多,at once 马上,at present 目前。三、介词 on 的常见用法 on 的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:1.动词+on a)动词+on 要认真区分下面一些词组 act on 对有作用,bring on 促使;导致,call on 拜访某人,count on 依赖,carry on 执行,depend on取决,feed on以为生,figure on料想;推断,go on继续,have on穿着,insis
13、t on坚持,keep on继续,lean on 依赖,live on 以为生,pull on 迅速穿上,put on 穿上,switch on 接通(电源),take to 喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on 接通(电源),work on 操作,wait on 侍候。b)动词+sb.(sth.)+on+sb.(sth.)base on 以为基础,congratulate on 恭贺,fix on 固定,have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on 怜惜,keep watch on 监视,spend on 把时间、精力花在某方面。2.be+形容词+on 的词组 be depen
14、dent on 依赖,be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed on 对印象深刻,be keen on渴望,be strict on 对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组 on board 乘(车,飞机),on call 听候召唤,on duty 值班,on earth 到底,on fire 着火,on foot步行,on guard 在岗,on hire 雇用,on holiday 度假 四、介词 in 的常见用法 1.动词+in a)动词+in believe in 信任,break in 碎成,bring in 引起;产生;带来,call in 下令收回,fill in 填
15、充,get in 收获,hand in 上缴,involve in 涉及,lie in 在于,result in 导致,share in 共享,succeed in 成功,初中英语介词用法总结 第 5 页 共 13 页 take in 卷起;订阅,turn in 归还当局。b)动词+sb./time/money+in help sb.in 帮助某人做某事,spare time/money in 匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in 浪费时间或钱做某事。2.be+形容词+in be active in 活跃于,be a
16、bsorbed in 专心致志,be busy in 忙碌,be born in 出生于,be concerned in 牵涉,be clothed in 穿着,be disappointed in 对失望,be diligent in 勤于,be experienced in在有经验,be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌,be expert in某方面的专家,be excellent in 在优秀,be interested in 对有兴趣,be lacking in 缺乏,be rich in 富有,be slow in迟缓,be successful in在
17、某方面成功,be skilled in精于,be strict in严于,be weak in弱于。3.in+名词 in advance 提前,in all 总共,in balance 总而言之,in bed 卧床,in body 亲自,in brief 简明扼要,in case 万一,in charge 主管,in danger 有危险,in debt 负债,in despair 失望,in force大量地;有效,in full 全部地,in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身,in love 恋爱,in order 井然有序,in person
18、亲自,in public 公开地,in progress 有进展,in practice 从实践上看,in rags 穿着破衣,in research 探索,in return 作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟,in short 总之,in theory 从理论上看,in trouble 有麻烦,in tears 眼泪汪汪,in time 及时,in turn 按顺序,in vain 白白地,in view 看得见。五、介词 from 的常见用法 from 的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。1.动词+from a)动词+from come from 来自,date from
19、追溯,depart from 违背,die from 死于,escape from 逃出,fall from 自跌落,hang from 垂挂,hear from 收到来信,learn from 向某人学习,return from 自某地返回,rise from 自冒出,result from 起因于,suffer from 忍受。b)动词+sth./sb.+from+sth./sb./a place borrow from 向借,choose from 选自,excuse from 免除,keep from 阻止做,prevent from不准做,protect from 不受之害,rece
20、ive from 收到,remove from 移动;除去,save from 保全;拯救,separate from 分离开来,stop from 阻止。2.be+形容词+from 初中英语介词用法总结 第 6 页 共 13 页 be absent from 缺席,be different from 与众不同,be far from 更不用说,be hidden from 躲避,be made from 用制成,be tired from 因而疲倦。3.fromto from bad to worse 每况愈下,from beginning to end 自始至终,from cover to
21、 cover 从头到尾,from China to Peru 到处,from day to day 一天一天地,from door to door 挨家挨户,from end to end 从头至尾,from first to last 自始至终,from hand to mouth 勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth 广泛流传,from sun to sun 从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe 从头到脚,from time to time 不时地,from top to bo
22、ttom 彻底地。六、介词 for 的常见用法 1.动词+for a)动词+for account for 解释;说明,answer for 对负责,apply for 申请;请求,apologize for 为而道歉,beg for 请求,call for 要求,care for 在意,enter for 报名参加,fight for 为而战,hope for 希望,inquire for 查询;求见,leave for 离开某地到另一地,look for 寻找,long for 盼望,mistake for误认为,plan for计划做某事,prepare for为作准备,provide
23、for为提供,reach for 伸手去拿,run for 竞选,stand for 象征,search for 搜寻,send for 派人去请,speak for 陈述意见、愿望,take for 当作,wish for 希望,wait for 等待。b)动词+sb.+for+sth.ask for要求得到,blame for因责备,excuse for宽恕,forgive for谅解,pardon for原谅,pay for 花钱买,praise for 称赞,punish for 对进行惩罚,push for 催逼,reward for 酬谢,thank for对表示谢意。2.be+形
24、容词+for be anxious for急于做,be eager for渴望,be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于,be good for 利于,be famous for 以出名,be fit for 适合于,be grateful for 对心存感激,be impatient for 对不耐烦,be late for 迟到,be necessary for 有必要,be ready for 作好准备,be sorry for为而后悔,be responsible for 对负责,be suitable for 适合于,be unfit for 不适合,be
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 初中英语 语法 专题 介词 用法 总结
限制150内