名词性从句复习讲解.pdf

《名词性从句复习讲解.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名词性从句复习讲解.pdf（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、名词性从句 名词性从句 作为一个重要的语法项目在历届高考题中必不可少。按其检测重点可分为：1）语序的问题 2）关联词的选择 3）it 代替主语从句或宾语从句。知识要点 1、名词性从句的定义 名词性从句指在句子中起名词作用的句子。2、名词从句的功能 相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。3、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)，that,（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义）连接代词：what,what

2、ever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which 连接副词：when,where,how,why 不可省略的连词：介词后的连词不可省略。例如：Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.下楼之前，我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到

3、消息说我们队赢了。比较：whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1）whether 引导主语从句在句首 Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.她是否来与我无关。2）引导表语从句 His first question was whether she had arrived yet.他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。3）whether 从句作介词宾语 I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。4）从句后有“or not”。I dont

4、know whether he is going to Japan or not.我不知道他是否去日本。大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。例如：It is not important who will go.谁去，这不重要。It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。4、名词性 that-从句 1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语

5、、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。（主语）John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去（宾语）The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。（表语）The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.（同位语）近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的

6、人不安。I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。（形容词宾语）2）that-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末。例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句 It is n

7、ecessary/important/obvious that （有必要/重要的是/很明显）b.It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句 It is believed that（人们相信）It is known to all that（从所周知）It has been decided that （已决定）c.It+be+名词+that-从句 It is common knowledge that （是常识）It is a surprise that （令人惊奇的是）It is a fact that （事实是）d.It+不及物动词+that-分句 It appears that （似乎）It

8、happens that （碰巧）It occurred to me that（我突然想起）5、名词性 wh-从句 1）由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句。wh-词包括 who，whom，whose，whoever，what，whatever，which，whichever等连接代词和 where，when，how，why 等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾词补语和间接宾语等。例如：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In ones ow

9、n home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。表 语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容

10、词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末。例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明白。6、if，whether 引导的名词从句 1

11、）yes-no 型疑问从句 从属连词 if，whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend

12、him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语：She is doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他能否度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whethero

13、r 或 whetheror not 构成。例如：Please tell me whether/if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。二、高考金典 1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey (NMET1992)A.while B.if C.that D.for 2._we cant get seems better than _we have (NMET1996)A.W

14、hat,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what 3.Bob is no longer_ he used to be.(NMET1998)A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 5.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ yo

15、u had a few days off？(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 6._he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET 1993)A.what B.That C.The fact D.The matter 7.-Do you remember _ he came?-Yes,I do,he came by car (NMET 1994)A.how B.when C.that D.if 8.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it(NMET19

16、92)A.there B.where C.there where D.where there 9.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(NMET1990)A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where has Alice put D.where Alice has put 10.No one will be sure _in a million years.(NMET1991)A.what will man look like B.what man will look like C.man will loo

17、k like what D.what look will man like 11._I will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where（以上答案：1.CADBA 6.AABDB 11.B）三、专项训练 1.-Do you remember _ Ms king hurt her leg?-Yes,I do.She was hurt by a handtruck.A.when B.where C.why D.how 2.They lost their way in the

18、 forest and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.That B.this C.what D.which 3.Nobody knows _ he mentioned that at the meeting.A.That B.where C.why D.what 4.He told me the news _ the Queen would visit China the next month.A.that B.which C.when D.what 5.When the summer holidays were dra

19、wing near,I asked my American friends _ was the best way to travel in the United States.A.that B.what C.such D.that 6.He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly _.A.where he had paid for it B.what he had paid for it C.what he was paid for it D.which he had paid for it.7.-Poor Tom!He will have t

20、o work all the coming month round.-Luckily_ the basketball games are held.A.except B.except for C.except when D.except that 8.Sometimes we are asked _we think the likely result of an action will be.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 9.They have not made any decision _ they are going to do to deal with

21、the waste and control pollution.A.that B.which C.if D.what 10.-Do you know him？-Yes,but I cant remember I met him for the first time.A.where B.when C.that D.if 11.-Do you know Mr.Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of .A.what;which B.where;which C.where;what

22、 D.what;where 12.This old computer must have been of great use to did the scientific research.A.those B.when C.whoever D.whomever 13.was known to all that William had broken his promise he would give him a rise.A.As;which B.What;that C.It;that D.It;which 14.-Who cooks supper at your home？Your mother

23、？-Oh！Gets home first is to cook supper.A.Who B.Whom C.Those who D.Whoever 15._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that C.What;that D.That;what 16.Please tell me _ you would like to have your coffee-black or white？A.what B.where C.when D.how 17.-I rang you at

24、about ten,but there was no reply.-Oh,that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A.when B.why C.what D.that 18.Maria has to baby-sit.Thats _ she cant come out with us.A.why B.how C.when D.what 19._surprised me most was _ they had finished the work so quickly.A.What;what B.That;that C.What;that D.Tha

25、t;what 20.The reason why she couldnt come to the meeting was_.A.because she had not been invited B.which she had not been invited C.that she had not been invited D.because of her not having been invited 21.In some countries,_ is called“equality”does not really mean equal rights for all people.A.Whic

26、h B.that C.what D.one 22.Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics,he succeeded _ other experienced experts failed.A.which B.that C.what D.where 23.She liked the dictionary much that she would like to take it _it cost A.what B.how much C.whatever D.how expensive 24.Father m

27、ade a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 25.She is pleased with _ you have given him and _ you have told him.A.that;that B.which;which C.what;all what D.what;all that 26.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whe

28、ther D.If 27.He wanted to make sure _.A.how we went there by bus B.where did we go C.what did we go there D.when we went there 28._ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That C.Whether D.If 29.-What about the speech he made this afternoon.-_ he said must be quite enco

29、uraging,I think.A.What B.That C./D.All of 30.It isnt quite certain _ she will take the advice A.that B.if C.whether D./31.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a stone -_it made me really mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break 32.You have no idea _ then.A.how worried I am B

30、.how I was worried C.how worried was D.how worried I was.33._ they won the game was _ we had expected.A.That;which B.Whether;that C.What;that D.That;what 34._ surprises me most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.A.What;where B.what,what C.That;where D.That;what 35.I r

31、eally dont mind much _ they came to visit me or not.A.because B.why C.when D.whether 36.The question came up at the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research.A.whether B.that C.if D.what 37.I was made to write a letter in English,but I dont know _.A.what to write about B.how to begin with

32、 C.how to write about D.what to begin 38._ we cant get seems better than _we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 39.They decided to turn to _ can help them out of difficulty.A.who B.whoever C.anyone D.someone 40._ surprised me most was _ he was too late for the important meeting,for

33、 he was chairman of it.A.What;why B.That;how C.What;how D.That;why 41.The difficulty we now meet with is _ we can persuade him to tell the truth.A.whether B.that C.what D.how 42.There is something wrong with his watch and this is _ he is late.A.how B.that C.what D.why 43.-Have you found your book ye

34、t?-No.Im not sure _ I could have left it.A.whether B.where C.when D.why 44.Although most of them have no doubt _ he will pass the exam,I still think there is something about _ he has really got everything ready.A.whether,that B.that;whether C.that;that D.whether,whether 45.-Have you found Jack?-Yes,

35、he is _ you told him to go.A.where B.which C.what D.when 46.I asked her in English _ she was,and she told me _ she was an actress.A.who,that B.who,/C.what,that D.how,/47.She took it for granted _ Id be back some day.A.that B.whether C.if D.when 48.We think it possible _ the local government will he

36、able to solve the housing problem.A.for B.that C.when D.how 49.Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in(下沉)because of the reducing of underground water.A.whether B.if C./D.that 50.At that time I had no idea _ he could hand it to Mary without being seen.A.that B.whether C.which D.what 51.Last S

37、unday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to the Museum.A.if B.that C.that if D.whether 52.Do you have any idea _?A.that Miss Smith will arrive today B.when will Miss Smith arrive C.how will Miss Smith arrive D.why hasnt Miss Smith arrived 53.The reason why he was late is _ his bike was

38、 broken.A.because B.why C.that D.because of 54.Ive almost forgotten _.A.how Mr.Taylors like B.what Mr.Taylors face is C.what Mr.Taylor looks like D.which Mr.Taylors face is like 55.The true value of life is not in _,but in _.A.how you get,that you give B.which you get,what you give C.what do you get

39、,what do you give D.what you get,what you give 57._made us very happy.A.whom he was chosen B.that he was chosen C.Because he was chosen D.Why he was chosen 58._ will go is not important.A.That who B.Who that C.who D.That 59._ we need is more practice.A.That B.Why C.What D.Which 60._ they will start

40、has not been decided yet A.When B.Who C.That D.Which 61._ she will be invited to the party is not known.A.If B.Whether C.When D.Whom 62._that there is no life on the moon.A.It is well known B.It was well known C.Its knowing to us D.We know well it 63._ the news had been spread all over the country.A

41、.It was clearly B.That was possible C.It was true what D.It was possible that 64._ you didnt come yesterday.A.Its a pity B.Its a pity that C.Its wondering D.Its a sorry.65._there was no wind that day.A.It happened that B.It seems C.It so happens that D.It appears 66.What I want to know is _.A.when h

42、as he gone B.how he has gone C.where he has gone D.if has he gone to 67.The question is _.A.if we had got every thing ready before dinner time B.whether we can get everything ready before noon C.as if we get everything ready before then D.that we are getting ready before now 68.The old gentleman nev

43、er fails to help _ is in need of his help.A.whom B.who C.whoever D.whomever 69.He is no longer _ twenty years ago.A.what was he B.what he was C.that man D.like what was he 70.It is not _ I wont do it,_ I cant do it.A.what;but that.B.that;but that C.because;but what D.what;but because 四参考答案 1DCCAB 6.BCBDB 11.ACCDC 16.DAACC 21.CDCDD 26.CDBAC 31.ADDAD 36.BAABA 41.DDBBA 46.CABDB 51.CACCD 56.DBCCA 61.BADBA 66.CBCBB