名词性从句易混知识归纳.pdf

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1、名词性从句易混知识归纳 从句易混点归纳(名词性从句易混点)从句在英语学习过程中占据极其重要的位置,各从句中的知识之间、各从句之间存在着很多易混点,同学们经常为一些易混点所困扰,现将各从句中的知识之间、各从句之间的易混点做以归纳、总结。下面我们先看名词性从句的易混点。我主要从 whether 与 if、that 在名词性从句中是否省略、同位语从句与定语从句的区别、reason 后面的名词性从句、what 引导的一种独特的名词性从句、check、make sure后面的宾语从句、what、whatever、who、whoever 等引导的名词性从句几个方面进行说明、讲解,当然还有其他方面的易混点知

2、识,这里就不进行一一叙述了。易混点一 whether 与 if 二者都可以作“是否”讲,能引导名词性从句,都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换;注意:在某些动词后(如:discuss)只能接 whether,不能跟 if。如:We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether,不用 if。如:The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasnt been decided.Whether he wi

3、ll win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.如果用形式主语,if 和 whether 都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3.如果 whether 后紧跟 or not,不用换做 if;若 whether 与 or not 分开使用,则可以换作 if。如:I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I dont know whetherif I can come or

4、not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构,则多用 if,而不用 whether。如:I dont care if he doesnt show up.(在乎,炫耀)5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带 to 的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时,只能用 whether,而不用 if。如:I havent settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.易混点二 that 在名词性从句是否省略 that 用来引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从

5、句这四类名词性从句。在句子中 that 有时可以省略,有时不省略,有时两者皆可。1.宾语从句中的 that 在口语中常省略,但在下列情况中,that 应当保留。(1)当主、从句之间有时间等状语时,that 不能省略,否则会产生歧义。He said last night that he did some reading.He said last night he did some reading.其含义有两个:他昨晚说他看了点儿书。或他说他昨晚看了点儿书。(2)主、从句之间有插入语时同样不可省去 that。如:I dont doubt,in any case,that we will win t

6、he match.(无论如何,我都不怀疑我们会赢那场比赛)。(3)引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个或第二个以上的宾语从句中的that 则不易省略。如:She said Lesson 82 was very important and that she should learn it well.(若省略,后一从句则可能与上句 she said 并列)Everybody could see what was happening and that poor Rose was really frightened.(并列宾语从句。省去 that,则变为并列句。)(3)如果宾语从句中含有主从复合句,

7、that 一般不宜省略。如:They promised me that if I worked hard from then on,they would buy me a computer.(4)宾语从句提前时,that 一般不省略。如:That Bob was really frightened,I cant believe.(5)简短回答中的宾语从句,that 不宜省略。如:What do you assume from his attitude?(你从他的态度中猜测到什么了?)That he was frightened.(6)当 it 作形式宾语代替 that 引导的宾语从句时,一般保

8、留 that。如:I found it quite a surprise that everybody in that city has a car.2.引导主语从句的 that 一般不可省略,但若用 it 作形式主语,that 则可省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.It is known to all(that)the earth moves around the sun.3.引导表语从句的 that 一般不省略。如:The reason why he studies well is that he is alway

9、s hardworking.4.引导同位语从句的 that(尤其是说明主语的同位语)一般不可省略。如:The news that our team had won the match excited everyone.I dont agree to the suggestion that we give up the plan.易混点三同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1.that 引导的从句,是定语从句还是同位语从句,我们我们采用“试加法”,来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact

10、 that you must know clearly.2.when、where、why 引导的从句 引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关,与先行词的意义基本相同,没有疑问意义;但引导同位语从句时,其意义完全与疑问词相同,即 when 表示什么时候,where表示哪儿,引导两种从句时,都在从句中做状语。如:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的 when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义,因此是定语从句。I have no idea when she will be back.when 与 id

11、ea 毫无意义上的关联,其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点四:reason 后面的名词性从句 reason 做主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因是要用 that 引导,一般不用because 或 why,而用 it,this 或 that 做主语时,后面的表语从句可用 because 或why 引导。1.“The reason+连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是:理由是:。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It(或 This、That)+连系动词+the reason+why 引导的定语从句。本句型意为:这就是。的原因(理由)3.It(

12、或 This、That)+连系动词+the reason+because 引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这是因为。;这是由于。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4.It(或 This、That)+连系动词+why 引导的表语从句。本句型意为:这就是。的原因。That was why he fell ill.易混点五:what 引导的一种独特的名词性从句 阅读文中我们经常碰到这样的句子:After what seemed an endless wait,it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room.

13、(诊察室)句子中的 what seemed 的理解,对于中学生而言是个难点,下面做以总结:1.结构:What 引导的插入句+名词 2.说明:What 引导的这个插入句对后面的名词起解释或说明的作用。省略它,主句的结构仍然完整。从意义上看,可将它视为定语,即句子做前置定语,修饰后面的名词,所以翻译时总是作为定语来处理。3.用法:(1)表示对某事物的看法或态度 (2)表示不肯定、无把握极不确切的人或物 (3)表示对后面的名词的解释或强调 4.常见的表达形式:(1)what one call 或 what is called (2)what sb.know as 或 what is known as

14、 或 what is regarded as (3)what seemappear(to sb.)(to be)(4)what sb.think (5)what seem/look like (6)what might be/have been 5.例句 He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.(他出生于现在人人皆知的上海)What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.(所谓的原子能实际上就是核能)易混点六:check、make sure 后面的宾语从句 动词或动词短语 chec

15、k、make sure 等做肯定句的谓语时,全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否”之意,但后面常用 that 做引导词。Check that everything is in order,please.(请核对一下是否一切正常)Make sure that the door is locked before you leave the lab.(离开实验室之前,务必确保门是锁上的。)易混点七:what、whatever、who、whoever 等引导的名词性从句 我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that(无论什么)Whoever=anyone wh

16、o(无论谁)Whenever=any time=no matter when(无论何时)Wherever=any place=no matter where(无论何地)这都是泛指。而 what、who、when、where 则是特指。如:Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意:1.whatever、

17、whoever、whenever、wherever 等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句,也可以引导状语从句,等于“no matter+疑问词”。2.此类从句不能用 it 做形式主语来代替。3.分开写的 who ever 或 what ever 用于疑问句中表示惊奇(有时则夹杂有敬佩、愤怒或其他感情色彩)。如:Who ever(=on earth)is that strange girl with Rose?(到底)4.whoever 的宾格还是 whoever,一般不用 whomever。课后习题:(本部分主要是为了展示讲述的环节而使用,一个专题用一个习题代表。)1.I dont think t

18、he question of _ they are old or young is important.A which B whether C how D why 2.What I want to say is _ we should do first is important.A that that B what what C that what D what that 3.There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put into good use.A which B if C whether D tha

19、t 4.If you feel tired and sick of fat food,that is _ you have to go the hospital for a medical examination.A why B when C whether D what 5.At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the Golden Triangle.A that B where C when D what 6.I think I remembered to switch the oven off but youd better check up _ I did.A whether B that C unless D until 7._ would like to devote his whole life to his country should go _ there are all kinds of difficulties.A Who somewhere B Whoever where C Whatever anywhere D Who there