现在完成时与现在完成进行时态.pdf

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1、现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 1/14 一.核心语法【知识梳理】1.现在完成时【拓展】1)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼点在现在，常与 already,yet,just,before,lately,recently,never,ever,not yet 等连用。这个动作到说话时可能已经停止或结束。He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。His brother has joined the Party already.I have finished reading the book.We have just visited the farm.2)表示动作

2、或状态在过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并还可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常用延续性动词。常与段时间状语连用。如：so far,up to now,since,for+一段时间，in/over/during the past/last few years 等。现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 2/14 He has lived here since 1995.自从 1995 年以来，他一直住在这儿。I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.（从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过 Justin）I have taught English for 15 ye

3、ars.Up to now,we have received no news from her.批注：现在完成时还可和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：today,this morning,this month,these days,this year 等,表示这个动作在这个特定的时间内完成.Have you seen her these days?但如果说话人感兴趣的只是在这段时间内发生了某一动作，而不是这一动作与现在的关系时，须用过去时态。The conference opened this month.3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。（即用现在完成时代

4、替将来完成时）。其特征为：状语从句中的谓语动词很明显或需强调发生在主句谓语动作之前。They will go to work in the company as soon as they have graduated from the school.(强调毕业后)I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.（强调先看到）I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.（强调“干完”）现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 3/14 Tell me your answ

5、er when you have solved the problem!（强调“解决”）4)使用现在完成时的句型 It/This is the first/second timethat结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the second time that I have visited the city.This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.This is+形容词最高级+名词+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。T

6、his is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.This is the only book that he has written.5）固定句型 It is/has been+时段+since+从句（从句谓语为瞬间则按字面翻译）（从句谓语为延续则表示未做此事多久）如：It is/has been two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。It is two years since he lived here.他不在这儿住两年了。【典例讲解】例 1：I remember you were a talented pianist

7、 at college.Can you play the piano for me?Sorry,I _ the piano for years.A.dont play B.wasnt playing C.havent played D.hadnt played 答案：C 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 4/14 解析：根据remember可知语境是现在，从时间状语 for years 得出是从过去到现在的时间，所以用现在完成时。2.现在完成进行时【拓展】表示一个持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)。(1)构成：have been doing(2)用法：1)延续：表示开始于过去的活

8、动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.(“我”回家后一直都没睡好，现在也没睡好。)I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.她最近在熬夜准备 GRE考试。Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.汤姆玩网游已

9、经超过二十个小时了。2)重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。He has been going to Seattle for half a year.他在半年间经常去西雅图。现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 5/14 I have been telling you not to make trouble.我一直劝你不要找麻烦。The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.老人修车修了三十年了。Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.杰克练太极一年多了。3)表示感情

10、色彩 现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩。如：What have you been doing?表示惊异 Whos been eating my apples?表示愤怒不满【典例讲解】例 1：Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months.A.works B.worked C.has been working D.had been working 答案：C 解析：over the last three months 的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”，这类时间状语通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，四个选项中只有

11、 C 符合此要求。例 2：Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she hasn t decided yet.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider 答案：B 解析：根据 but she hasnt decided yet(尚未决定)可知，从开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学，现在还在考虑。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在，并且现在依然在发生的动作，用现在完成进行时，现在完成进行时由“have/has bee

12、n doing”构成，所以选 B。现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 6/14 3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时辨析【拓展】现在完成进行时与现在完成时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作，有时两者可换用，但前者多用于口语中。I have watered the flower.我已经给花浇过水了。（已完成，你不必浇了）I have been watering the flowers.我一直在给花浇水。（未完成，一直在浇）I have known her for a long time.（正）我认识她很久了。I have been knowing her for a long time.（误）I h

13、avent seen him these days.（正）这些日子我没有见过他。I havent been seeing him these days.（误）小结：这两种时态的差别主要有哪两个？_ _ 答案：1.现在完成时表示动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。2.状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词，如 see,feel,know,love 等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。【例题精讲】现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 7/14 例 1.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _ going back to school，but s

14、he hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider【答案】B【分析】本题考查动词的时态语态。根据句义：她现在失业了，正在考虑要不要回学校，但是还没有决定。所以用现在完成进行时。例 2.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You_ in front of that computer too long.A.Work B.are working C.have been working D.worked【答案】C【分析】本题考查动

15、词的时态语态。根据句义：你在电脑前工作太久，难怪会头疼，可知 work维持了一段时间，且持续发生。所以用现在完成进行时。例 3.Tom_(read)a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning and hell get through soon.【答案】has been reading【分析】根据题干 this morning and hell get through soon，所以用现在完成进行时。例 4.His brother _ never _(read)any books about Stonehenge before.【答案】has|

16、read【分析】根据 never 用现在完成时。现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 8/14 例 5.The travelers say they come from London and _(travel)for two months.【答案】have been travelling【分析】根据 for two months 判断用现在完成进行时。例 6.Will someone go and get Dr.White?He _ already _(send)for.【答案】has|been sent【分析】根据 already 用现在完成时。例 7.But no evidence of life

17、 _(discover)on any of these planets so far.【答案】has been discovered【分析】此句为被动，根据 so far 用现在完成时.例 8.I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_on it for more than an hour.A.has been working B.will have worked C.will have been working D.had worked【答案】A【分析】考查动词时态。根据“for more than an

18、hour”知应用现在完成进行时态。例 9.Its time that I_my hair cut.Its the fifth time that I_to the barbers shop.A.had；have gone B.has；have gone C.have；went D.had；go【答案】A 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 9/14【分析】Its time that.句型中谓语使用虚拟语气，动词用过去时；Its the序数词time that.句型中动词用完成时。例 10.-Hi,Tommy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _the computer gam

19、es all day.A.played B.had played C.have been playing D.have played【答案】C【分析】根据 all day 判断是现在完成进行时。【课堂练习】1.The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A.was having B.have have ever C.had D.had ever had【答案】C【分析】根据 before 判断是现在完成时。2.John and I friends for eight years.We first got to

20、 know each other at a Christmas party.But we _each other a couple of times before that.A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seen C.had been;had seen D.have been;had seen【答案】D【分析】根据 for eight years 判断是现在完成时；然后根据后半句 before that 判断是过去的过去，过去完成时。3.-The window is dirty.-I know.It for weeks.A.hasnt cleane

21、d B.didnt clean 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 10/14 C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned【答案】D【分析】根据 for weeks 判断是现在完成时。4.I cant see any coffee in this cupboard.?A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finished【答案】A【分析】根据主语谓语的关系，判断是被动语态，排除 CD。再根据语境判断是现在完成时。5.My dictionary

22、 _.I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A.has lost;dont find B.is missing;dont find C.has lost;havent found D.is missing;havent found【答案】D【分析】第一句我的字典不见了，陈述事实，用现在时。后半句仍然找不到，指这段时间的状态，用现在完成时。6.-We havent heard from Jane for a long time.-What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.to happen

23、C.has happened D.having happened【答案】C【分析】根据语境，这段时间未见，这段时间发生了什么事。7.We_ for the bus half an hour,but it has not come yet.A.have been waiting B.have waited 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 11/14 C.are waiting D.have been waited【答案】A【分析】根据 half an hour 可知一段现在完成进行时。8.They_ the Summer Palace three times.A.have gone to B.ha

24、ve been to C.have been in D.have gone into【答案】B【分析】根据 three times 可知用表示“去过的”have been to 9.He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years,and he_ about thirty articles.A.has written;has written B.has been writing;wrote C.is writing;has been writing D.has been writing;has written【答案】D【分析】第一空根

25、据 these three years 可知写书的动作一直持续到现在且还会继续下去，用现在完成进行时，后半句表示目前已经完成了 30 篇，用现在完成时。10.The news came as no surprise to me.I it for some time that the factory was going to shut down.A.had known B.knew C.have known D.know【答案】C【分析】根据 for some time 判断用现在完成时。【课后练习】1.The price_，but I doubt whether it will remain

26、so.现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 12/14 A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down【答案】C【分析】根据从句 whether it will remain so 用一般将来时态可以判断出，价格的下调对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时态，故选 C。2.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed【答案】B【分析】he was used to 为定语从句，修饰先

27、行词 country life，而其宾语为省去的关系代词that/which，又根据时间状语 since 1992，可知 B 项正确。3.Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day.Could you speak to her now?A.phones B.has phoned C.has been phoning D.phoned【答案】C【分析】句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自 Vanity Fair 的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在，用现在完成进行时态。题干中 all day

28、表示一段时间。4.Glad to see you back.How long_in Russia?A.did you stay B.were you staying C.have you been staying D.have you stayed【答案】A 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 13/14【分析】根据句意，既然 glad to see you back，说明 stay in Russia 这一动作已发生，且发生在过去，未涉及现在的状况，所以C、D两项不合适；B项是过去进行时，指过去某时正在发生的动作，所以也不正确；A 项是一般过去时，用来陈述过去时间内发生的动作，故选 A。5.My

29、brother is an actor.He_in several films so far.A.appears B.appeared C.has appeared D.is appearing【答案】C【分析】时间状语 so far 表示“到目前为止”，它常和现在完成时连用，故选 C。6.When you are home，give a call to let me know you_safely.A.are arriving B.have arrived C.had arrived D.will arrive【答案】B【分析】句意为：当你到家时，给我打电话，让我知道你已经安全到达了。根据句

30、意应选 B 项have arrived。are arriving 为现在进行时表将来；had arrived为过去完成时，强调动作的发生时间为过去的过去；will arrive 为一般将来时，三者均不符合句意。7.Why，Jack，you look so tired!Well，I_the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A.was painting B.will be painting C.have painted D.have been painting【答案】D【分析】句意为：哎呀，杰克，你看上去很疲倦！噢，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必须完工

31、。由句意可知 paint 这一动作一直延续到 tomorrow，故用现在完成进行时。8.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they_before leaving their hometowns.A.promised B.were promised C.have promised D.have been promised 现在完成时与现在完成进行时态 14/14【答案】D【分析】句意为：每年大量农民工涌入深圳，去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作”，需

32、用被动语态，故排除 A 和 C 两项；B 项仅表一般过去时的被动；D 项表示“已经被许诺”，故选 D。9.I have to see the doctor because I_a lot lately.A.have been coughing B.had coughed C.coughed D.cough【答案】A【分析】句意为：我不得不去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。由时间状语 lately 和句子语境可以得出，这里用现在完成进行时最合适，表示最近一段时间以来一直在进行的动作，暗含此动作有可能还继续进行下去。10.Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I_myself clear.We want to return on October 20.A.hadnt made B.wouldnt make C.dont make D.havent made【答案】D【分析】句意为：对不起，我没有听清楚你的话。你是说你们想在 9 月 20 日返回吗？对不起，我自己没有说清楚。我们想在10月20日返回。根据句意可知“我”虽然刚刚已经表达了自己的意思，但现在导致的结果是没有表达清楚，所以应用现在完成时，故选 D。