定语从句讲解4.pdf

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1、 英语高考专题复习讲与练 14 定语从句 一、考点聚焦 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party,sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-,any-,every-和 no 与-boy,-thing 的合成词；或 all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作

2、主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。关系副词：when,where,why。that 偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时

3、，下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which（1）先行词被 形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。（2）先行词为 all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the o

4、ne that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词 which 时。Which are the books that you bought for me?7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是 that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时 8、关系词 who 与 that 指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是 there be 句型时，关系词用 who。（2）先行词是为 anyone、those、someone、everyone、one 等词时，关系词用 who。（3）当主句是 wh

5、o 作疑问词时，关系词用 that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被 who 取代。9、whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room,whose window faces the river.There is a room,the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词 as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被

6、such 和 the same 修饰，或句型 as many（much）中，从句都用 as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别 such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用

7、 as 和 which 引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam,as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow,which can keep the cold out.As is known,the earth is round,not flat.11、关系副词 when 与 where、why、that when 指时间=in/at/on/during which where 指地点=in/at/from/which why 指原因=for

8、 which 当先行词为 way、day、reason、time 时，可用 that 作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way that/in which/he talks.当 time 作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调 it 无意义，that/who 不是引导词。强调 it is/was 和 that/who 后如果句子意思讲得

9、通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that 充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that 不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as

10、their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是 which 和 whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中 students 为先行词）Is this pl

11、ace the one(that)we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that/which)we visited yesterday?He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happening.It may rain,in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraw

12、ay village.（NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where 解析：答案为 C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词 the hours 和关系词被介词短语 to me 所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词 hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词 when。2._ is known to everybody,the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)A.It B.As C.That D.What 解

13、析：答案为 B。本题考查 as 引导的非限制定语从句。as 作“正如”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当 as 在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced 等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)A.which B.where C.that D.when 解析：答案为 B。本

14、题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语 the small town,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词 where 引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。定语从句 1I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 2The man was a friend of mine Athat you just talked to Bwho

15、m you just talked to him Cwho you just talked to him Dyou just talked 31ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.Awhere Bthat Cin which Dwhat 4 We all know，oil and water dont mix up AThat BWhat CWhich DAs 5All is needed is a Supply of oil Athe thing Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 6Last night we went to

16、 Anns party，we enjoyed very much Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dwhere 7There is a mountain the top is always covered with snow Aof that Bof which Cits Dthat 8This is the only dictionary he often turns to for help Awhich Bthat Cwhat Done 9I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place you may spend your wee

17、kend Athat Bw hich Cwhen Dwhere lOFootball，is a very interesting game，is played all over the world Athat Bwhich Cit Dwho 11 has already been pointed out，grammar is not a set of dead rules AAs BIt CThat DWhich 12Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise Ait Bthat Cwhich Dhe 13 lea

18、ves the room last is asked to turn off the lights AAnyone BWho CEveryone DWhoever 14The wolves hid themselves in the place couldnt be found Athat Bwhere Cin which Din that 15We will be shown around and city；schools，museums，and some other places，other visitors seldom go Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 定语从句 1-5 DABDB 6-10 CBBDB 1l-15 ACDAC