现在完成时和完成进行时.pdf
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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 现在完成时 动词发生在过去,影响到现在,延续到现在,某种经历。句型 基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)用法(1)定义:现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在 有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have had no money to spend now.(现在我没有
2、钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(简已经摆桌子.)Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad.(现在已在此地)(2)定义:现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since 连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与
3、for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如 already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately 等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on sev
4、eral occasion 等:Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month
5、/year,just,today,up to present,so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few y
6、ears.Up to the present everything has been successful.5.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上 for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.学习必备 欢迎下载 Thomas has studied Russian.(现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years.(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it
7、 now.(同第 2 点用法第一个例句)6.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet
8、,before,recently 等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once 等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning month year.,today 等)连用。例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?2.现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in t
9、he army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于 5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since 或 for 引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die 等。
10、(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:for 短语 It is一段时间 since 从句 3.一段时间+has passed+since 从句 4.主语have/has beensince 短语 例如:He has been in the League for three years.或 It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了 一.have/has been doing sth.现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成。I/we/you/they have been working he/she/it has been workin
11、g (一)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有 2000 年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)学习必备 欢迎下载 I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)(二)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作不再继续下去)(三)有些现在完
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