英语名著导读.pdf

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1、 1 英语历史名著选读教学大纲 一、课程说明 1.课程代码：107013901 2.课程中文名称：英语历史名著选读 3.课程英文名称：The Arts English Reader 4.课程总学时数：32 5.课程学分数：2 6.授课对象：英语专业四年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 英语历史名著选读 为英语本科高年级的一门英语语言文化系列的专业限选课。通过教学，让学生了解西方政治传统和文化精髓，提高学生人文素养，为学生在毕业后从事英语教育工作奠定良好的基础。二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的是，通过阅读西方政治家、文学家、和历史学家的经典英文译著和英文原著，学生可

2、以了解古代希腊罗马、中世纪西欧和近现代欧美的政治、经济、文化、哲学和宗教；通过教学，学生不但可以接触不同时代、不同文体、不同风格的文史哲作品，包括演说、对话、传记、论文、剧本、文件和通史，而且对西方政治传统和文化的演变有一定的了解。2本课程的教学要求 本课程按教学大纲和进度授课，一般安排在四年级第二学期。三、学时分配 章节（序号）内 容 学时数 理论 实 践作业 总学时 第一单元 Thucydides 修昔底德 2 2 2 第二单元 Sophocles 索福克勒斯 2 2 第三单元 Plato 柏拉图 2 2 第四单元 Aristotle 亚里士多德 2 2 第五单元 Cicero 西塞罗 2

3、 2 第六单元 Pico della Mirandola 米兰多拉 2 2 第七单元 Niccolo Machiavelli 马基雅弗利 2 2 第八单元 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根 2 2 第九单元 Hobbes 霍布斯 2 2 第十单元 Voltaire 伏尔泰 2 2 第十一单元 Goethe 歌德 2 2 第十二单元 John Stuart Mill 约翰米勒 2 2 第十三单元 Karl Marx 马克思 2 2 第十四单元 Darwin 达尔文 2 2 第十五单元 Sigmund Freud 弗洛伊德 2 2 考查 2 2 合 计 30 2 32 四、课程内容 第一

4、单元 The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides 修昔底德:伯罗奔尼撒战争史节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习修昔底德:伯罗奔尼撒战争史节选。了解古希腊的历史；分析演讲文体。【本章教学重点、难点】：罗马时期的共和政体；伯罗奔尼撒战争史的主要内容；和演讲文体的主要特点。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.介绍课程结构、教学内容、考试方法。2背景导读：罗马历史和修昔底德的伯罗奔尼撒战争史 3 3课文讲解：英语语言难点、演讲文体的特点。4课堂讨论：Questions:1.According to Pericles,what does it mean t

5、o say that Athens is a democracy?2.How does Pericles describe the role of the law in Athenian society?3.Does poverty prohibit citizens from political participation?4.Can you cite at least one passage in which Pericles describes the Athenian attitude toward political participation?5.Although he does

6、not mention the Spartans by name,Pericles is anxious to contrast the spiritual and political atmosphere of Athens with the harsher and more militaristic experience in Sparta.Can you find passages in which he appears to be doing this?Seminar:Athenian Democracy 【本章节自主阅读和作业】：课文，第 5 页倒数第 3 行开始：“Our cons

7、titution does not copy.as those who are never free from them.Write a short essay with the following words and phrases:in order to it becomes ones duty to obey be worthy of admiration extravagance either.or.generosity admiration to find it difficult not merely to do 第二单元 Antigone by Sophocles 索福克勒斯:安

8、提戈涅节选 【本章教学目的、要求】：写作作业 精读课文 4 学习索福克勒斯:安提戈涅节选；了解古希腊戏剧；分析戏剧的文体。【本章教学重点、难点】：索福克勒斯其人，法律与神律的冲突【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：索福克勒斯和安提戈涅 2.课文讲解：语言难点、戏剧的写法及特点 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What are Creons most noticeable deficiencies?Is he willing to listen to advice?Is he flexible?As a king,does he show tendencies toward tyrann

9、ical behavior?2.Is Antigone wholly in the right?Is she impatient?Does she refuse to compromise or appeal her case to Creon?Considering the role of women in Athenian society,how might Athenian males in the audience have reacted to Antigones actions?3.Do you think that the issues of dividing Antigone

10、and Creon could have been settled through discussion,compromise,and moderation by both parties If not,does this imply that some human confrontations can be overcome only through suffering?Seminar:State VS.Individual 【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short play with the following words and phrases:to take hot iro

11、n in ones hands not strong enough to do in ones way feel like Id like nothing better than do sth.pay for As long as mourn for sb.to have the honor to inform you that.第三单元 The Republic by Plato 柏拉图:理想国节选 【本章教学目的、要求】：写作作业 5 学习柏拉图:理想国节选，批判客观唯心主义的理念和“哲学王”观点。【本章教学重点、难点】：认识论：理念世界与现实世界 【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：柏

12、拉图及其理想国节选：“洞穴的寓言”2.课文讲解：语言难点，“洞穴的寓言”隐含的哲学思想 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.Why is democracy not a viable of government for Plato?Could the execution of Socrates have influenced his view on this question?2.Plato and the Pre-Socrates agreed that absolute knowledge was possible only of things that were eternal and

13、 unchanging.Do we agree today with this point of view?Are there anything in the universe which we hold to be eternal and unchanging?Can you suggest some?3.What,if anything,is wrong with Platos ideal of rule by philosopher-kings?Seminar:Good Government 【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short dialogue with the fol

14、lowing words and phrases：so that suppose that grow accustomed to append to show any gratitude for impose upon profitable contrive for looks down upon political ambition 第四单元 The Nicomachean Ehtics by Aristotle 亚里士多德尼科马卡的伦理学节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习亚里士多德：尼科马卡的伦理学节选：人生的目的。【本章教学重点、难点】：写作作业 6 人生的目的，幸福的定义；亚里士多德的“

15、中庸伦理观”。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：亚里士多德其人，唯物主义的理念，“城邦体制”2.课文讲解：尼科马卡的伦理学节选：人生的目的 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.At the outset of his Ethics,what description does Aristotle offer for“the Good”(the supreme good)?2.Does Aristotle see any general agreement about what the Good is?3.How does Aristotle make use of the concept

16、of human“function,”to explain what is the good for humans?4.What must be true of any act,according to Aristotle,for it to be correctly called virtuous?5.Does Aristotles definition of happiness seem realistic?What part would you find unacceptable?Or just plain ludicrous?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short pla

17、y with the following words and phrases:to take hot iron in ones hands not strong enough to do in ones way feel like Id like nothing better than do sth.pay for As long as mourn for sb.I have the honor to inform you that.第五单元 The Laws by Cicero 西塞罗论法律节选 【本章教学目的、要求】：学习西塞罗：论法律节选，了解罗马历史；分析自然法则【本章教学重点、难点】

18、：罗马历史；斯多葛学派的自然法则学说【本章节主要教学要点】：写作作业 7 1.背景导读：罗马历史；西塞罗其人及其自然法则学说 2.课文讲解：语言难点：名词；国家法律与自然法律的关系 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What does Cicero have to say about the relationship between Civil Law and Natural Law?2.In your opinion,is there such a thing as Natural Law in the World?If so,where do you think it comes fr

19、om?3.Natural-Law precepts continue to influence legal theory down to the present,especially in the claim that natural-law precepts take precedence over the“positive”or“civil”law of states.One of the most famous examples occurred at the end of World War II,when the allied powers tried and convicted a

20、 number of Nazis for“crimes against humanity”and other offenses.The Nazis offered as their defense that their actions had been entirely legal under the civil law of war-time Germany;Allied prosecutors argued that these actions were nevertheless illegal under a higher natural Law that took precedence

21、 over the German civil law.Which of these arguments do you think was correct?Seminar:Natural Law vs.Civil Law Write a short essay with the following words and phrases：grand apparent generosity extravagance tyrannical customs patriotism inconsistency henceforth adultery rather than 第六单元 On the Dignit

22、y of Man byPico della Mirandola 米兰多拉:论人的尊严节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习米兰多拉:论人的尊严节选；了解西欧中世纪历史；文艺复兴；理解 写作作业 8 人性的定义。【本章教学重点、难点】：人性的定义；米兰多拉的“生命链”；论证文体。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：米兰多拉其人，基督教的神性，意大利文艺复兴。2.课文讲解：语言难点：论证文的特点之一；“生命链”意义。3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What theories about our special nature does Pico reject before stating his

23、own solution?2.How do Picos view correspond to the glorification of the individual and the individuals potential,often said to be a characteristic of Renaissance humanism?Seminar:Dignity of Human Beings【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following words and phrases:concur with magnificent vill

24、ainous illusion emphasize above all irrational content with wondrous not but rather in deep contemplation 第七单元 The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli 尼科洛 马基雅弗利:君主论节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习尼科洛 马基雅弗利:君主论节选；了解西欧政治体制；政治权术思想。Homework 9【本章教学重点、难点】：西欧政治体制；马基雅弗利主义。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：马基雅弗利其人，政治权术思想。2.课文讲解：语言难点：论证文的特点之二；3.

25、课堂讨论：Questions:1.What is Machiavellis opinion of human nature?Is it different from Picos?2.What are the ends which Machiavellis prince is trying to achieve?To remain in power?To preserve peace and order?To make good citizens?To be virtuous?3.Machiavelli and Pico were contemporaries and lived in the

26、same city,Florence.How could they come to such different assessments of human nature?Or are their assessments really so different?Seminar:Do you think contemporary politicians behave in a“Machiavellian”manner?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following words and phrases:on the contrary follo

27、w up be despised over and above set about it remains now to see that whilst conform to have a resemblance to 第八单元 The New Atlantis by Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根:新工具节选 【本章教学目的、要求】：学习弗兰西斯培根:新工具节选，了解欧洲的科学革命【本章教学重点、难点】：新科学：实验主义；小说文体 Homework 10【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：弗兰西斯 培根；新科学的思想 2.课文讲解：分析新工具，所罗门实验室的结构。3.课堂讨论：Qu

28、estions:1.What forms of technological control over nature have the priests of Salomons House tried to achieve?2.How do they organize scientific research?Why do they keep some of their discoveries secret?What kind of discoveries might these be?3.Do you think he would have considered our present socie

29、ty to be perfect realization of his utopian dream of a society devoted to“the knowledge of Causes,and secret motions of things;and the enlarging of the bounds of Human Empire,to the effecting of all things possible”?Seminar:In your opinion,should we consider Bacon to be an accurate prophet of the te

30、chnological-scientific society that has grown up in the four centuries since he lived?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following title:Experience 第九单元 The Leviathan by Hobbes 霍布斯:利维坦节选 【本章教学目的、要求】：学习霍布斯:利维坦节选，了解欧洲资产阶级革命，君主政体的类型 Homework 11【本章教学重点、难点】：“自然状态”和国家起源的学说；“社会契约“【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：

31、霍布斯其人；利维坦的概念，国家起源的学说。2.课文讲解：“自然状态”的人；“社会契约”的人；论证文特点之三。3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What is Hobbes conception of human nature?2.Why does Hobbes believe that absolutist government is necessary to civil order?3.“Social Contract”theories of government have some critics.These critics argue that when people consent

32、 to a political system,they are usually not making a cool,rational decision,based upon their self-interest.Each of us grows up in a political system and consents to it either without thinking about why or for reasons of family tradition,national allegiance,or patriotism.What do you think Hobbes woul

33、d say to this criticism?How significant a criticism is it?Seminar:“Social Contract”【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following title:The Best Government 第十单元 Treatise on Toleration by Voltaire 伏尔泰:容忍条约节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习伏尔泰:容忍条约节选；了解启蒙运动；封建专制制度。Homework 12【本章教学重点、难点】：启蒙运动；封建专制制度；自由、平等的概念【本章节主要教

34、学要点】：1.背景导读：伏尔泰其人；启蒙运动的性质:容忍条约 2.课文讲解：精读容忍条约，讽刺性的文笔。3.课堂讨论：1.What is satirical about the passages?2.Voltaire was notorious for his deism;he almost certainly did not believe in any kind of God who listened to prayers or required praise.Why do you think he addressed this passage to“the Deity”?3.How wo

35、uld you respond to this reading,if you were one of Voltaires supporters?Or one of his enemies?Seminar:Outlook of Voltaire 【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay under the following title:Toleration 第十一单元 The Sorrow of Young Werther by Goethe 歌德:少年维特之烦恼节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习歌德:少年维特之烦恼节选，了解浪漫主义；书信文体小说。【本章教学重点、难点】

36、：理解浪漫主义的内涵；书信文体小说的特点 Homework 13【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：歌德在国际文坛的地位 2.课文讲解：精读少年维特之烦恼节选 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.How does the novel mirror“romantic”themes?2.What views of women and gender relationships are expressed?3.Can you observe any similarities between Werthers feelings and beliefs and those of Rousseau?Se

37、minar:In your opinion,does the Romantic tradition deny to reason its rightful place in the lives of human beings?Are you sympathetic to the Romantic reaction against the Enlightenment?Write a short essay under the following title:Romantic Love 第十二单元 On Liberty by John Stuart Mill 约翰米勒:自由论节选 【本章教学目的、

38、要求】：学习约翰米勒:自由论节选，了解自由主义理论和“平等”的政治理念。【本章教学重点、难点】：西方文化中民主、自由和平等的概念，米勒的完美人生目标。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：约翰米勒其人 Homework 14 2.课文讲解：语言难点；自由论节选 3.课堂讨论：Questions 1.According to Mill,what is the only purpose which justifies government in forcefully restricting the actions of an individual?2.Why does Mill believe t

39、hat the state may not constrain an individual to act in a particular way for his own good?3.According to Mill s principles,does the State have the right to set a minimum-wage,to ensure product safety,and to guarantee collective bargaining?Seminar:In your opinion,what type of the political and social

40、 systems is “liberal”in the traditional sense?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay under the following title:The Best Government 第十三单元 Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx 马克思共产党宣言节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习马克思共产党宣言节选，了解英国光荣革命和法国资产阶级革命，和 19 世纪的社会主义思想。Homework 15【本章教学重点、难点】：科学共产主义，阶级斗争，剩余价值理论【本章节主要教学要点】：1.

41、背景导读：马克思对人类的贡献；2.课文讲解：精读共产党宣言节选 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What does Marx mean when he says that the Bourgeoisie are“continuously revolutionizing the means of production”?2.Marx asserts that“the fall of the Bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable.”Given several of his arguments

42、 why this is true.3.What is the“Bourgeoisie”and why is it so effective at exploiting other groups?Are you a member of the Bourgeoisie?Seminar:Is your education your“capital”?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following title:The Best Society 第十四单元 The Descent of Man by Darwin 达尔文人类的起源及性的选择节选

43、【本章教学目的、要求】：学习达尔文人类的起源及性的选择节选，物种进化机制，和进化论。Homework 16【本章教学重点、难点】：物种进化机制；进化论【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：达尔文其人，进化论的对哲学和社会科学的巨大影响 2.课文讲解：精读人类的起源及性的选择节选 3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.What evidence does Darwin present for human evolution?2.Why,according to Darwin,is maintenance of struggle and competition necessary for the

44、continued biological progress of the species?3.What attitudes does Darwin express toward historical progress?Towards so-called“primitive”peoples around the globe?Seminar:Is eugenics a dangerous doctrine?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following title:Human Evolution 第十五单元 An Outline of Psy

45、choanalysis by Sigmund Freud 弗洛伊德精神分析引论节选【本章教学目的、要求】：学习弗洛伊德精神分析引论节选，了解精神分析学和心理学。Homework 17【本章教学重点、难点】：精神分析学派，心理结构。【本章节主要教学要点】：1.背景导读：弗洛伊德其人，人类心理的结构。2.课文讲解：精读精神分析引论节选。3.课堂讨论：Questions:1.Describe the central features and functions of the id,the ego,and the superego.2.It is sometimes said that Freud h

46、elped to create a cultural climate which was much more open in dealing with sexuality and sexual behavior.Are you living in such a cultural climate now?Are people“less repressed”than in the past?If you think so,what brought about that new openness?What are the cultural advantages and disadvantages o

47、f such a climate?Seminar:Many thinkers have understood that human psyche as a struggle between two opposed elements,usually reason or virtue on the one side and the passions on the other.How do you deal with such a struggle?【本章节自主阅读和作业】：Write a short essay with the following title:The nature of Feel

48、ings 第十六单元 Review and Final Examination 复习和考试 Homework 18 五、考核方式和要求 本课程为考核课程。根据教学目的和要求，本课程考核采取平时成绩和期末考试成绩相结合的形式，以百分制计算。其中平时成绩为 40%，期末考试成绩为60%。六、教材和参考书目 Thucydies,The History of the Peloponnesian War,2nd ed.Rev.,tr.B Jowett(Oxford:Clarendon Press,1990).Plato,The Republic,tr.F.M.Conford(Oxford:Univers

49、ity Press,1941).The Ethics of Aristotle:The Nicomachean Ethics,tr.J.A.K.Thomson,rev.H.Tredennick(Penguin Books,1976).Cicero,The Laws,tr.C.D.Yonge in Heritage of Western Civilization,5th ed.Vol.I,edd.J.L.Beatty and O.A.Johnson(Englewood Cliffs,NJ,Prentice Hall,1982).Pico della Mirandola,On the Dignit

50、y of Man,tr.D.Parker in Heritage of Western Civilization,5th ed.Vol.I,edd.J.L.Beatty and O.A.Johnson(Englewood Cliffs,NJ,Prentice Hall,1982).Niccolo Maechiavelli,The Prince in Heritage of Western Civilization,5th ed.Vol.I,ed.J.L.Beatty and O.A.Johnson(Englewood Cliffs,NJ,Prentice Hall,1982).Discover