高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句.pdf
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1、中英语简单句、并列句和复合句中英语简单句、并列句和复合句考点复习突破学案()句种类两种分类法1、按句的途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old;She didnt hear of you before.2)疑问句(般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3)祈使句:Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!2、按句的结构可
2、分三种:1)简单句:只有个主语(或并列主语)和个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途
3、是光明的,道路是曲折的。3)复合句:含有个或个以上从句的句。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.()简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.My fa
4、ther bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注:其他各种句都可由这种基本句型扩展、变化或省略构成。主语动词表语:在这句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词作表语)2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词作表语)3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词作表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.The machine is ou
5、t of order.(介词短语作表语)6.The television was on.(副词作表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式作表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词作表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句作表语,即:表语从句)注意:在下的句中,形容词作表语,在表语的后常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his exam
6、ple.主语动词:在这句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1.The sun is rising.2.Ill try.3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本所具有的特性,不被动语态。1.The book sells well.2.The window wont shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.主语动词宾语:在此句型中,动词为及
7、物动词,划线部分为宾语。1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词作宾语)2.I cant express myself in English.(反代词作宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We cant afford to pay such a price.(不定式作宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词作宾语)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句作宾语,即:宾语从句)注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以
8、接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的法,所以,在学习动词时,定要掌握其法。主语动词宾语宾语:在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记。后的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,般表,直接宾语在后,般表物。这类句型有三种情况。第种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for
9、引导的短语。3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。5.Tell him Im out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?主语动词宾语宾语补语:在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后的宾语补语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补语起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中较复杂的个句式,因
10、为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下句中划线部分为宾语补语。1.He found his new job boring.(形容词作宾补)2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词作宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语作宾补)4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词作宾补)5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式作宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe作宾补)7.He be
11、lieved them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式作宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进式作宾补)9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式作宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词作宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词作宾补)注意:在这个结构中,可以出现it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补语的后。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从
12、句。1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析:it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。3.there be句型是种特殊的句,真正的主语在后,含义为“有”谓语动词和主语保持致:There is a television in the sitting room.有两个或更多的主语时
13、,动词般和最近的个保持致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.主语的后有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使todo).谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。There used to be a cinema here.
14、There seems to be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight?there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job?There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?there be句型中也可以使诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:Once upon a time,there lived a
15、fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.于谓语的情况下,有时不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独主格结构there being:You wouldnt want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)There b
16、eing nothing else to do,we went home.(独主格结构)(三)并列句的分类并列句基本概念:并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列独的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在起;但有时不连接词,只在两个简单句之间逗号或分号。1、表连接两个同等概念,常and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then 等连接。e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.2、表选择,常的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss
17、the train.3、表转折,常的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had astrange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表因果关系,常的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I workfrom dawn until dark.主从复合句:1、概念
18、:主从复合句由个主句和个或个以上的从句构成。主句为句的主体,从句只作句的个次要成分,不能独成为个句。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在起。2、分类:从句按其在复合句中的作,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。(四)考考点探讨1、简单句的五句型是最基本的句型。虽然近年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句成分去理解,在书表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能是不可能地道的英语句来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是考命题的热点之。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于体来考查。个题,个考点,是近年命题的发展趋势。3、考对简单句、并列句和
19、各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使上。如:and,but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则般式表将来,这点在考中经常考查。如:We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow。判断下列句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his se
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