限定词的具体分类和用法详解.pdf

《限定词的具体分类和用法详解.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《限定词的具体分类和用法详解.pdf（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、限定词的具体分类和用法详解 限定词（determiner)限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。一、英语限定词种类 1.定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词。如：the,a 2.名词属格。如：my friends,Tom 3.物主限定词。如:my,your 4.指示限定词。如：this,that,these,those,such 5.疑问限定词。如：what,whose,which 6.关系限定词。如：which,whose 7.不定限定词。如：some,any,each,every,either,neither,all 8.数词(基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词)9

2、.量词。如：a lot of,lots of,a great/good deal of,a great/large/good number of 二、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配，也可与不可数名词搭配 1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有 the;my,Johns,the old mans;some,any,no,all,other,such,what（ever）,which(ever),whose eg.the book-the books-the money,my boo

3、k-my books-my money Johns book-Johns books-Johns money 2)能与单数名词搭配的限定词。如:a(n),each,every,another,either,one,neither,many a,such a(n)eg.each worker，every student，either book，another book3)能与复数名词搭配的限定词。如：both,two,another two(three),many,（a)few,several,these,those,a(great)number of 如：two girls，（a）few wo

4、rds，several students 4)能与不可数名词搭配的限定词,如：a bit of,a large amount of,a great deal of,(a)little much,less,(the)least a bit of water，a large amount of money，much noise 5)能与单复数名词搭配的限定词。如：the first,the second,the last,the next,the other the first rose，the first roses，the last man,the last men the next meet

5、ing，the next meetings，many a ship，many ships 注意：用了 many a+单数可数名词作主语，尽管是复数意义，其后的动词还是要用单数形式。6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如（the）least，this，that the least knowledge,this/that work,this/that job 7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如:a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough,more,most,such,other.如：a lot of books,a lot of money,lots of

6、chairs,lots of food,such men,such bread Ex:下面的练习，要求注意限定词与三类名词的搭配关系。1.Why is there_traffic on the streets in February than in May?A.less B.fewer C.few D.little 2.On account of the typhoon _shipment will arrive this week.A.neither B.all C.both D.these 3.They paid_money for the machine than I expected.

7、A.little B.less C.much D.fewer 4.There are trees on _side of the street.A.such a B.both C.some D.each 5.Have you got _copies to go round?A.the other B.enough C.a little D.much 6.I saw _cars outside the building.A.a little B.any C.lots of D.neither 7.Theres_water in the bottle.A.few B.a number of C.p

8、lenty of D.any 8.Id like _paper.A.a few B.several C.a bit of D.these 9.There are _mistakes in the paper.A.the B.a little C.much D.a few 10.Do they have_air-conditioners for cooling the rooms in summer?A.many a B.enough C.a great deal of D.a bit of 11.Dont worry about the seats.There are _chairs in t

9、he room.A.plenty of B.any C.both D.most 12.There is _iron in this mine than in that one.A.much B.a great deal of C.less D.a lot of _work has to be done before the plant goes into operation.A.Much B.Double C.A number of D.Neither 14.He wrote_ essays on Victorian novels in his class.A.the next B.the m

10、ost C.the other D.the more 15.The model worker had _thought of his own interests.A.the last B.less C.the least D.another 16.There must be _empty talk but more hard work.A.fewer B.no C.the least D.less 17.He has published _short stories in English.A.a great amount of B.a number of C.another D.many a

11、18.We had_rainfalls last summer.A.too much B.little C.a little D.only several 19._care would have prevented the accident.A.Much B.Little C.A little D.A few 20.The students spent_their time working in the fields.A.both B.most C.more D.half 三、限定词与限定词之间的先后顺序关系 在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。

12、按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为 前位限定词:all,both,half;double,twice,three times;one-third,two fifths;what,such(a/an)中位限定词:(1)定冠词和不定冠词;(2)物主限定词(my,your(3)指示限定词(this,that,these,those);(4)s 属格名词;(5)不定数量词(如 some,enough,no,any,every,each,either,neither);(6)疑问限定词 what,which,whose;(7)关系限定词 which,whose;(8)带ever 的 wh-词,如 what

13、ever,whichever,whoever。后位限定词(1):(1)基数词;(2)序数词和一般序数词 next,last,(an)other,additional,further;(3)封闭数量词(a)few,fewer,several,most,more,many,much,(a)little,less,least;后位限定词(2):plenty of,a bit of,a lot of,lots of,a great deal/quantity/amount/number of 如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词，其搭配关系总是 按照“前位中位后位”的顺序排列。如：all the fou

14、r teachers 前中后 all your three books 前中后 all these last few days 前中后后 如果只有上述两类限定词，其搭配关系仍按照上述顺序 half his lecture 前中 those last few months 中后后 all other students 前后 such a misfortune 前中 some such alloy 中后 such 既属于前位限定词,又可归纳后位限定词。在 such a和such an 搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词 some,any,no,all,one,many 等搭配时,such 则是

15、后位限定词。由上述例子可以看出，中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的，即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以“我的那本书”不是“my that book”而是 that book of mine，因为 my 和 that 同是中位限定词，不可同时并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。如:many more copies,three other girls,his last two books,the first two chapters 等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例。Ex.Choose an appropriate combination of determi

16、ners to fill in each black:The additional work will take _weeks.A.the other B.another five C.other five D.the more He did it in _time it took me.A.the one-third B.half a C.the double D.one-third the I saw _ boys at the cinema.A.the both B.many a C.both the D.the several _candidates are girls.A.Half

17、the B.The half C.Their half D.Half a 5.He was on leave _ days.A.the few last B.few another C.few other D.the last few 6._friends usually speak highly of him.A.His some B.His many C.Many his D.Some his 7.Please serve me _soup.A.more some B.the less C.more the D.some more 8._ alloy many be used to rep

18、lace copper.A.Such a B.Some such C.Such some D.Several such 9.Please send _samples to London by air.A.these enough B.five these C.enough these D.these five 10.Are you going to buy _rice?A.all these B.these all C.all this D.both these 11.They want at least _salaries.A.their double B.double their C.en

19、ough their D.their enough _dictionary is enough for me.A.Such one B.One such C.Such a one D.One such a 13._factors should be considered.A.These all B.Such all C.All such D.Some these 14._evenings he did enjoy himself immensely.A.The first few B.The few first C.The first some D.Some the first 15._ me

20、at is tainted.A.That one-third B.One-third that C.Such a D.Few such 16._cases have been reported.A.Such few B.Such some C.Few such D.Some these 17._ boys were in the classroom.A.All five other B.Other all C.All the more D.All the other five 18._recommendation has so far been made by the technicians.

21、A.Several such B.No such a C.Such no D.No such 19.They are not likely to agree to _ propositions.A.other any B.other all C.all other D.other these 20.He has been staying at home _days.A.these all last few B.these last few all C.all these last few D.these last all few 不定代词 不定代词及其基本用法 1.all,each,both,

22、either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)few,many,much,other(s),another,主语,宾语,表语,定语（既可用作名词，也可用作形容词）2.everyone,everybody,everything；somebody,someone,something；anyone,anybody,anything；nobody,nothing,no one 主语,宾语,表语，可以后跟else，而且可用作所有格（-s 形式）3.none 主语、宾语,表语 4.every,no（这两个只是形容词）定语 不定限定词与各类名词的搭配 all,each,b

23、oth,either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)few,many,much,other(s),another,1.只与复数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词 both,many,(a)few 2.只与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词 much,(a)little 3.只与单数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词 each(every,one),either,neither,many a,4.既可与复数可敉名词，又可与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词 all,some,any,many,other,another,不定限定词的具体用法 some 和 any 既可用作限定词,也可用作不定代

24、词,起名词词组的作用;但 no 只能用作限定词,不能单独使用。1)some a.some 主要用于肯定句。但当说话人期待肯定回答时，some 也能用于疑问句。Are there some letters for me？Im expecting some.b.当购物时向售货员提问或主人询问客人表示款待时,也可 在疑问句中用 some。Could I have some letters for me Would you like some chocolate cake?c.当 some 与单数可数名词连用时，相当于certain 某(一)个”的意思。Some boy has broken a wi

25、ndow d.当 some 修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,表“几个”,“一些”的意思。如 some questions,some children,some water,some ink 2)any a.any 主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，或用于带有半否定词或具有否定含义的动词、形容词或介词的句子。如：1.Are they any stamps in the drawer？2.You havent any work to do 3.He never had any luck 4.Let me know if you hear any news 5.

26、If you have any news,call me up right away.b.any 也用于肯定句,意味“任何”。通常重读，修饰单数可 可数名词和不可数名词。如：http:/ any day you like.2.Any time you want me,just send for me.c.any+复数可数名词/不可数名词,表“一些”any books,any water d.any+单数可数名词,表示“every”的含义 Any child could answer that question.3）no no 可修饰单复数可数名词和不可数名词。用法如下：a）用于 there i

27、s（are),have(has),have(has)got 之后,等于not any 1.There are no letters for you today.2.He has no books Iv got no home.b)用于连系动词之后,等于 not a,但语气很强.1.The girl was no beauty.2.He is no friend of mine.c)用于其他动词之后 1.I took no part in these negotiations.2.He could expect no sympathy from Joan.d)用于修饰其他句子成分 1.No bo

28、y at school had ever seen the sea.2.Im in no mood for jokes.e）用于警告、命令等标识 No smoking！f）用于表示程度,not any,用作状语,修饰形容词原级、比较级和副词比较级 1.But this is no unimportant question,my dear John 2.She was no older than Li Ping.g)用于固定习语 1.Men are no longer at the mercy of nature.2.Theres no such thing as ghosts.not 与 no

29、 的区别:a)not 可用于否定动词,no 则没有这种功能。b)no 是具有形容词性质的不定代词,只能与名词或相当于 名词的词连用,如 no time,no telephone,No spitting!c)no 等于 not any，因此不能用于 a，the，all,both,every 等词之前;在这些词之前必修用 not,如 not a chance,not the least,not all of us,not everyone,not enough。d)no 也不与姓名、副词、介词等连用。但 not 可与这些词 连用，如 me，not George；not wisely；not on

30、Sundays.e)some，any，no 以及它们的合成词。这些复合词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。something（-body，-one，-where）anything（-body，-one，-where）nothing（-body，-where），后者不是限定词 all,both,none,no one,neither,either,every,each 1)all“全体”的意思。Both:俩 1.All students went to the classroom.2.Both his parents are teachers.2）none 如果要表示“全体都不”的意思，就用 non

31、e(指“物或人”，三个以上)。none 后常跟 of 短语,作主语时谓语动词可用单数 或复数。可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。1.None of the dogs was(were)there.2.None of the money was ever recovered.3）no one=nobody no one 只指人,不指物，作主语时，谓语用单数。跟 none 有相同之处。如：No one was here.4）neither 如果要表示两个人或物“都不”，通常要用 neither。可作主语、宾语、定语。作主语时.谓语用单数可跟 of 短语。1.Neither of my friends

32、 has come yet.2.Neither brother has been abroad.5）either 跟neither意义相反，意思是“两者之中任何一个”，在句子中作主语、宾语，表示单数概念，作主语时谓语动词须用单数形式。1.Either of the plans is equally dangerous.2.The news did not shock either of them.6）every 表示全体中的“每个”，如果这个“全体”包含三个或更多 的人或物，通常用 every，与单数名词连用。1.Every student in the class took part in

33、the performance 2.Every time I ring you up,I find you engaged.7)each 两个或两个以上的人或物就用 each。与单数可数名词和 单数动词连用 1.Each side of the street was crowded with people.2.Each/Every side of the square was crowded with people.疑问限定词 无论是做疑问代词还是疑问限定词，which(哪个，哪些)和 what 所指的范围不同。what 所指的范围是无限的，而 which 则指在一定的范围内，例如：1.Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？2.What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？3.Which university do you like best？4.What university do you like best？关系限定词 关系代词 whose 既充当引导词的作用，又对先行词起限定作用，在定语从句中作先行词的定语。eg.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.