高考英语名词知识点易错题汇编附答案解析.pdf

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1、高考英语名词知识点易错题汇编附答案解析(1)一、选择题 1Due to the _ of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at the early stage.Aappreciation Bapplication Cappointment Dapproach 2A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems.Aburden Brisk Chole Ddisaster 3Be sure to read the _ in

2、 the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer.Ainstructions Bsolution Cdescriptions Dmessage 4No _ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem.Adoubt Bwonder Cevidence Dbelief 5I couldnt tell Jack from his twin brother.Me too,and there is no obvious_between them

3、.Acontribution Bdistinction Cpromotion Dexpression 6This unjust _ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged.Adetermination Badaptation Cseparation Dsubmission 7I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first _.Aattempt Bexperiment Cflight Dglance

4、8The building under _for stay-at-home children will be completed in March Acontribution Bconstruction Ccoincidence Dcomposition 9To everyones surprise,the three-year-old boy recited Three-Character Canon without making a single .Aslide Bslip Csneeze Dsqueeze 10Finding the _ to this problem is no eas

5、y task.Arelaxation Bimagination Cinvention Dsolution 11Mr.Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world.And,he regards himself as the _ of the times.Ainstructor Bexpert Cfavorite Dadmirer 12Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China.The company built up its_by const

6、antly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.Areputation Bcampaign Cappetite Doccupation 13During the early _of planetary evolution,they served to sweep the solar system.Astages Bjourneys Cspecies Ddemands 14Peoples_of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up poli

7、cy(政策)was carried out in China.Aquantity Bquality Cactivity Dreality 15China is a racially mixed country,in which various ethnic(民族)groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country,which adds _ peoples table.Ato great variety of Bgreat variety to Cto a great variety of Dthe great

8、variety to 16No body knows the man who was killed in the accident,so it is difficult for the police to find out his .Aaccent Bsource Cidentity Dmystery 17He gained _ to this university Apermission Baccommodation Cscholarship Dadmission 18With the _ of the mid-term examinations,the majority of the st

9、udents are becoming more and more nervous.Aapproach Baccess Cattachment Dappearance 19Festival celebrations provide a(n)_ to celebrate together,sharing warmth and good times.Apipe Bpatent Cavenue Dantique 20One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have_ to places like shops and re

10、staurants.Amethod Baccess Cway Dmeans 21In the_of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.Apresence Bcharge Ccontrol Dabsence 22I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any_to me.Ameaning Bimportance Csense Dsignificance 23They are building the da

11、m in _ with another firm.Acomparison Bassociation Ctouch Dtune 24American English has so many_because the American people have come from all over the world.Agrammar Bvocabulary Cpronunciations Ddialects 25Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well,you know,English is my _.So it

12、 is my best choice.Astrength Btalent Cability Dskill 【参考答案】*试卷处理标记，请不要删除 一、选择题 1B 解析：B【解析】试题分析：appreciation 感谢，欣赏，application 应用，申请，appointment 约会，approach方法，接近。句意：由于这种医疗技术的应用，一些疾病可以在早期得到治疗。考点：名词 2A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A.burden负担；B.risk冒险；C.hole洞；D.disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用

13、“负担减轻”符合题意。故选 A。3A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你使用新电脑前，一定要阅读说明书上的说明。A.instructions指示，说明；B.solution 解决方法；C.descriptions 描述；D.message信息。结合句意可知，此处用“说明”符合语境，故选 A项。4C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A.doubt 疑问；B.wonder 难怪；C.evidence 证据；D.belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选 C 项。5B

14、 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我分不清杰克和他的孪生兄弟。我也是，他们之间没有明显的区别。A.contribution贡献；B.distinction 区别；C.promotion 提升；D.expression 表达。根据句意可知，孪生兄弟长相相似，区别并不明显，distinction 意为“区别”，与题意相符，故选 B。6C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以肤色为基础的不公正的种族隔离受到了挑战。A.determination 决心；B.adaptation 适应；C.separation隔离，分离；D.submission 投降，

15、提交。结合句意表示“分离”应用 separation。故选 C。7A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。A.attempt尝试；B.experiment 实验；C.flight飞行；D.glance 瞥见。at the/ones first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及 so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选 A。8B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析及固定搭配。co

16、ntribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction 建造，建筑物;coincidence 巧合;一致；composition 作文，作曲。句意:正在被建的留守儿童楼将于 3 月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction 意为“（正在）修建中”，因此选 B。9B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：令大家吃惊的是，这个三岁的小男孩居然一字不漏地背诵了三字经。A.slide滑动；B.slip疏忽，错误；C.sneeze 喷嚏；D.squeeze挤压。根据“To everyones surprise”可知，三岁男孩背诵三字经没有一点错误让

17、每个人都很惊讶。故选B。10D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到这个问题的解决办法不是一件容易的事。A.relaxation 放松；B.imagination 想象力；C.invention发明；D.solution 解决方法。根据后文 to this problem可知是找到问题的“解决方法”。故选 D。11C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：李嘉诚先生被认为是世界上最成功的商人之一。他认为自己是时代的宠儿。A.instructor指导者；B.expert专家；C.favorite 受喜爱的人；D.admirer 爱慕者。根据上文 Mr.L

18、i Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world.可知李嘉诚先生认为自己是时代的宠儿（favorite）。故选 C。12A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A.reputation名誉；B.campaign 运动；C.appetite 胃口；D.occupation 职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a rel

19、atively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选 A。13A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在行星演化的早期,他们用来清扫太阳系。A.stages 阶段；B.journeys 旅程；C.species物种；D.demands 要求。根据 planetary evolution 可知，此处用“阶段”符合语境，故选 A 项。14B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：改革开放政策实施以来，中国人民的生活质量有了很大的提高。A.quantity数量；B.quality质量；C.activity活动；D.reality现

20、实。根据后文 of life has greatly improved 可知是指生活质量有了很大提高，应用 quality。故选 B。15B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句意：中国是一个多种族的国家，在中国，各民族团体将他们独有的味道带到国家的各个角落，增添了人们餐桌的多样性。分析句子可知，各族人民不同的口味增加了人们餐桌的多样性，A、B 选项中的 add.to意为“把.加到.”,great variety没有特指，所以不加 the。故选 B项。16C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：没有人知道在事故中丧生的那个人，所以警察很难查明他的身份。A.acce

21、nt口音；B.source来源；C.identity身份；D.mystery秘密，神秘。此处指警察要查明死者的“身份”。故选 C。17D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被这所大学录取。A.permission 允许；B.accommodation 膳食，住宿；C.scholarship奖学金；D.admission 进入许可录用。短语 gain admission to“获准入学，获准进入”。故选 D 项。18A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A.approach 接近；B.access通道；C.att

22、achment连接物，附属；D.appearance外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选 A项。【点睛】名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more

23、nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，临近”的意思。19C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：节日庆典提供了一个共同庆祝，分享温暖和美好时光的途径。A.pipe 管道；B.patent 专利；C.avenue 大街，渠道，途径；D.antique 古董。分析句子，根据划线后的分享温暖和美好时光可知，这是节日提供给我们的一个途径。故选 C 项。20B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地方。A.method 方法；B.access 机会、通道；C.way方法；D.means 方法。我们用“have

24、access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此题选 B。21D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A.presence在场；B.charge管理；C.control控制；D.absence 缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语 in the absence of“缺乏”，故选 D 项。22C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个材料我已经读了

25、好几遍了，但对我来说毫无意义。A.meaning 意思；B.importance 重要性；C.sense 意义；D.significance 重要性。根据语境可知，此处是短语 make sense“有意义，讲得通”的否定变化。故选 C。23B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在与另一家公司联合修建大坝。A.(in)comparison(with)与比较；B.(in)association(with)与联合；C.(in)touch(with)同有联系；D.(in)tune(with)与一致。根据句意可知，in association with意为“与联合，协作”，故

26、选 B。24D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects 方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方言。故选 D项。25A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？你知道，英语是我的优势。所以这是我最好的选择。A.strength 优势，优点；B.talent才能；C.ability能力；D.skill技能。由前文 work in an international travel agency可知，英语是我的优势。故选A。