【精品】历年专八试题分析（可编辑.ppt

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1、历年专八试题分析历年专八试题分析TheCommonwealthofAustraliaCapital:CanberraPopulation:22,000,000ThesixthlargestcountryintheworldLanguage:BritishEnglishCurrency:AustraliadollarRaces:88%whitepeople,2.3%aboriginesNationalanthem:AdvanceAustraliaFairAnimals:kangaroo,emu,koalaNationalflower:Goldenwattle(金合欢）NationalDay:26

2、January(1901)ThefirstEnglishsettlement:PortJackson(todaysSydney)GeographyAustraliaisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld,anisland,surroundedbywater.TheeastofAustraliaisthePacificOceanThewestofAustraliaistheIndianOceanItislocatedonthesmallestcontinentOceaniaintheworld.Majorcities:Brisbane,Sydney,Perth,Me

3、lbourne,andAdelaide.Thelargestcity:SydneyTheCommonwealthofAustraliaisaunionofsixstatesandvariousterritories.TheAustralianmainland:fivestatesandtwoterritories,withthesixthstateofTasmaniabeingmadeupofislands.AllstatesandtwointernalterritorieshavetheirownparliamentsandadministerthemselvesTheremainingte

4、rritoriesareadministeredbytheFederalGovernment.AustraliaThedesertoutbackcoversmostoftheinterior.Itistoohot,dryandbarrentosupportmanypeople.EasternAustraliahaslargeareasofgrasslands,usedprimarilyforsheepandcattleranches.Australiaalsohasmanybeautifulcoastalbeaches.Over70%ofAustraliansnowliveincitiesor

5、towns.Mostofthispopulationlivesintheeasternandsoutherncoasts,andaroundPerthinthewest.OffthenortheastcoastofAustraliaistheGreatBarrierReef.TheGreatBarrierReefisover1,200milesofcoral.Ithasdevelopedoverthelastmillionyears,andisnowthelargestlivingstructureintheworld.Itishometomanysharksandthousandsofdif

6、ferenttypesoftropicalfish.TheGreatBarrierReefemuMuchofAustralia:acontinentalclimate.Australiaisalsoveryarid,gettingverylittlerain.Thelongestriver:TheMurray RiverThelargestlakeisLakeEyreTheHighestpeakisMtKosciuszkoGreatDividingRangeIndustryAustraliasmajorindustries:miningandfarming.Miningincludesbaux

7、ite(铝矾土）,coal,copper,goldandironore.AgrowingwineindustryBestknownforitssheepfarmingTourism:amajorindustry.Historical HighlightsTheNativeAustralians,orAborigines,havelivedinAustraliaforatleast40,000years.thefirstdiscover:William(Dutch)16061770,JamesCooklandedontodaysNewSouthWales,AustraliaIn1788,theB

8、ritishfoundedaprisoncolonyontheeastcoastofAustralia,inNewSouthWales.AsmoreEuropeansmovedtoAustralia,theAboriginesweredrivenfromtheirland.AustraliaisstillheavilyinfluencedbyitsBritishandEuropeanorigins.TheAustraliangovernmentisnowmakingmajoreffortstopreserveAustraliasculture,includingthatoftheAborigi

9、nes.Questions1.Australiaisthe_largestcountryintheworld.A.fourthB.fifthC.sixthD.seventh2.ThePrimeMinisterofAustralianowis_.(JuliaGillad)3.Australias_sectoristhefast-growingsectorofindustry.A.serviceBheavyindustryCenergyD.secondaryindustry4.TheAustraliansenatorgettheirseatsintheSenatethrough_.A.voters

10、electionB.PrimeMinistersappointmentC.theGovernor-GeneralsrecommendationD.themonarchsgrant5.TheAboriginalpeopleinAustraliabelievedin_.A.GodB.theDreamtimeC.BuddhaC.thesun6.TheGreatbarrierReefliesoff_coastofAustralia.A.ThenorthwestB.thesouthwestC.ThenortheastD.thesoutheast7.Themineralsboomsin_resultedi

11、namajorstructuralchangeintheAustralianeconomy.A.1850sB.the1890sC.1950sD.the1960s8.TheAustralianfederationhasa_systemofgovernment.A.two-tierB.three-tierC.four-tierD.five-tier9._isknownastheGreatDivingRangeinAustralia.A.TheGreatWesternPlateauB.TheGreatEasternLowlandsC.theEasternPlateauD.theeasternHigh

12、lands10._iscentralinthelifeoftheAborigines.A.TheseaB.thelandC.themoonD.thesun11.ThefirstfederalparliamentofAustraliawasinauguratedin_.A.CanberraB.MelbourneC.SydneyD.Brisbane12.Australiaseasterncoastisdividedfromtherestofthecountryby_.A.theCentralEasternLowlandsB.theEasternHighlandsC.theGreatWesternP

13、lateauD.theGreatEasternPlateau13.ThecityofSydneywasoriginallya_.A.navalbaseB.convictsettlementC.religiouspilgrimageD.goldmine14.ThecommonwealthofAustraliacameintobeingintheyear_.A.1901B.1910C.1911D.191315.Australiaistheworldslargestexporterof_.(wool)16.ItsbelievedthatAboriginalcultureinAustraliaismo

14、rethan40,000yearsold.17.ThehistoryofAustraliabeganwiththearrivalofaborigines.18.ThefirstPrimeMinsterofAustraliawasEdmundBarton.19.InAustraliatheQueenisrepresentedbytheGovernor-General.20.Thecommander-in-chiefoftheAustraliandefenseforcesistheGovernor-General.21.InAustralia,theLiberalandNationalpartie

15、salwaysoperateincoalitionwitheachother.22.TheAustralianLaborPartyistheoldestAustralianParty.23.ThestateUpperHouseinAustraliaisknownasthelegislativeCouncil.24.AustralianNationalDayisJanuary26.NewZealandNew Zealand:twomainislands,theNorthandSouthIslands,andanumberofsmallerislands.Neighboringcountriesi

16、ncludeAustraliatothenorthwestandTongaandFijitothenorth.Population:over4millionpeopleGeographyGeographyNewZealandisinOceania,intheSouthPacificOceanTheSouthIslandisthelargestlandmassandcontainsaboutonequarterofthepopulation.TheislandisdividedalongitslengthbytheSouthernAlps,thehighestpeakofwhichisAorak

17、i/MountCookat3754meters(12,316ft).TheNorthIslandislessmountainousthantheSouth,andismarkedbyvolcanism.Longest riverWaikatoRiver(theNorthIsland)Largest lakeLakeTaupo,nearthecenteroftheNorthIsland.Itliesinacaldera(火山口）createdbytheOruanuieruption,thelargesteruptionintheworldinthepast70,000years.Capital:

18、WellingtonPopulation:over4millionOver75%peopleliveinnorthislandThelargestcity:AucklandRaces:72%whitepeople,15%MaoriMajorsports:RugbyNationalDay:Waitangi Day（怀唐伊日）6FebruarycelebratethesigningoftheTreatyofWaitangi,NewZealandsfoundingdocument,onthatdatein1840climateNewZealandliesbetween37and47degreesso

19、uthoftheTropicofCapricorn.BoththeNorthandSouthIslandsofNewZealandenjoymoderate,maritimeclimate,weatherandtemperatures.PoliticsNewZealand:16regions,sevenintheSouthIslandandnineintheNorth,andanumberofoutlyingislandsthatarenotincludedwithinregionalboundaries.Thepolitics of New Zealand:a frameworkofapar

20、liamentaryrepresentativedemocraticmonarchyTheheadofstateisQueenElizabethII,whoisrepresentedbytheGovernor-GeneralTheheadofgovernmentisthePrimeMinisterwhochairstheCabinetdrawnfromanelectedParliament.NewZealandisaunitarystateratherthanafederationregionsarecreatedbytheauthorityofthecentralgovernment,The

21、twolargest,andoldest,partiesaretheLabourParty(centre-leftprogressive)andtheNationalParty(centre-rightconservative).Theprimeminister:JohnKey(fromNationalParty)IndustryMajorindustry:agricultureThemanufacturingsector:hi-technologyOthers:fishing,tourismThedramaticandvariedlandscapeofNewZealandhasmadeita

22、popularlocationfortheproductionoftelevisionprogrammesandfilms,includingtheLord of the Rings.CanadaANorthAmericancountry:tenprovincesandthreeterritories.ItextendsfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOceantheworldssecondlargestcountrybytotalareaProvincesandte

23、rritoriesThetenprovinces:Alberta,BritishColumbia,Manitoba,NewBrunswick,NewfoundlandandLabrador,NovaScotia,Ontario,PrinceEdwardIsland,Quebec,andSaskatchewanThethreeterritoriesareNorthwestTerritories,Nunavut,andYukon.theNiagaraFalls/CataractCanadascommonborderwiththeUnitedStatestothesouthThemostdensel

24、ypopulatedpartofthecountryistheQuebecCityWindsorCorridor,situatedinSouthernQuebecandSouthernOntarioalongtheGreatLakesandtheSaintLawrenceRiverclimateWinters:harshinmanyregionsofthecountry,Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).CoastalBritishColumbia:atempera

25、teclimate,withamildandrainywinter.Ontheeastandwestcoasts,averagehightemperaturesaregenerallyinthelow20C(70sF),whilebetweenthecoasts,theaveragesummerhightemperaturerangesfrom25to30CTheArcticRegionhasthecoldestweatherinCanada.MostofCanadaslandismountainousorrockyorlocatedinthecoldarcticregion.So,onlyo

26、ne-thirdofthecountryhasbeendeveloped,ofwhichfarmlandmakesup8%andproductiveforestland25%.TheGreatLakes-Superior,Michigan,Huron,ErieandOntario-andtheirconnectingchannelsformthelargestfreshsurfacewatersystemonearthThe35-mileNiagaraRiverlinkslakesErieandOntarioCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshare：theRockyMount

27、ains,theInteriorPlains,fouroftheGreatLakes,theAppalachianHighlands,andmanyrivers,andNiagaracataractisanexample.thelargestregionistheCanadianShield,whichmakesupabouthalfofthecountryandcentersroundtheHudsonBay.Itconsistsofancientrocksthatwereformedintheremoteantiquity.Definition:thePrairiesTheprairiep

28、rovincesofAlberta,SaskatchewanandManitobalieeastoftheRockies.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharshcontinentalclimate.TheyarecalledthebreadbasketofCanadabecausethelandiswell-suitedtofarming,andwheatisoneofthebiggestagriculturalcropsinthisarea.TheprairiesarealsorichinnaturalresourcesCentralCan

29、adaCentralCanada,OntarioandQuebec,arethepartsofthecountrythatwerefirstsettled.Theyaretheindustrialheartlandofthecountryandarealsothemostdenselypopulatedprovinces.TheyhavethelargestcitieslikeTorontoandMontreal.theMaritimesTheAtlanticprovincesofNewBrunswick,NovaScotia,PrinceEdwardIslandandNewfoundland

30、arealsoknownastheMaritimes.Theyaresmallinpopulationandlargelyrelyonthefishingindustryfortheireconomicwealth.Theyarerichinfarmingandforestryproductsandarequitepopulartouristattractions.Capital:OttawaThelargestcity:Toronto(Ontario)Nationaltree:Maple(NationofMaple)Population:33,500,000MostofpeoplefromE

31、urope,3%aborigines(Indians,Innuits,formerlyknownasEskimos)ArcticislandsregionMajorcities:Ottawa,Toronto,Vancouver,MontrealOfficiallanguage:English,FrenchTheLongestriver:TheMackenzie River(马更马更些河些河),originatesinGreatSlaveLake,intheNorthwestTerritoriesThehighestpeak:Mount Logan(6050meters)BanffNationa

32、lPark(Rockies)National Day:July 1(1867)GovernmentandPoliticsCanada:parliamentarysystemwithintheconstructofconstitutionalmonarchy;themonarchyofCanadaisthefoundationoftheexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesThesovereignisQueenElizabethIItheQueensrepresentative:theGovernor-GeneralofCanada(presently

33、DavidLloydJohnston),carriesoutmostofthefederalroyaldutiesinCanada.Majorpoliticalparties:Liberal Party,Conservative Party,Le Bloc QubcoisNew Democratic Party,Green Party CurrentPrimeMinister:StephenHarper(ConservativeParty)On 6 February 2006,Stephen Harperbecame Prime Minister of CanadaEconomyCanadia

34、neconomyisdominatedbytheserviceindustryAgricultural,energy,forestryandminingexportsaccountedforabout58%ofCanadastotalexportsExportsaccountedforapproximately30%ofCanadasGDP.CanadahasconsiderablenaturalresourcesspreadacrossitsvariedregionsBritishColumbia:theforestryindustryisofgreatimportance,whilethe

35、oilandgasindustry:importantinAlberta,SaskatchewanandNewfoundlandandLabrador.NorthernOntario:hometoawidearrayofmines,fishingindustry:theAtlanticprovinces,Main industriestransportationequipment,chemicals,processedandunprocessedminerals,foodproducts,woodandpaperproducts,fishproducts,petroleumandnaturalgasCanadaisalsooneoftheworldslargestsuppliersofagriculturalproducts,particularlyofwheatandothergrainsAnimals