20212022学年新教材高中英语单元素养评价Unit2LookingintotheFuture含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册.docx

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1、单元素养评价（二）（Unit 2）（120分钟150分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。Text 1W: Hey, how did you do on the exam?M: Ah, I got an 82. It s OK, I guess. But I thought I d get at least an 85.1. What does the man mean?A

2、. He doesn* t care.B. He is very satisfied.C. He is a little disappointed.答案：CText 2W:If you scare me like that again, I 11 yell and the neighbours will hear.M: I, m sorry. It was too good to pass up. You were just sitting there, and I thought it would be funny to throw the cat on you.2. How did the

3、 woman feel just now?A. Scared.B. Bored. C. Excited.答案：AText 3W: I remember you like French fries very much, but you seem to have a poor appetite today. What s wrong?M: I, m on a diet. I have been advised to have less fried food but more fresh vegetables.3. Why did the man eat so little today?A. He

4、has no appetite. shopping or something else, and it s pretty hard to tel 1 them apart from a human review.Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like human

5、s and how damaging they can become if they, re not monitored properly.Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone-like a rival or angry customercould crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty wor

6、rying.And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. In general, the threat is bigger, Ben Y. Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real

7、and what is not. I think that s going to be even unimaginable. ”To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had Al generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not

8、 they thought it was fake. The AI reviews ranked as aeffectively indistinguishable” from real reviews, according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3. 15 “usefulness” rating, compared to a 3. 28 rating for human reviews.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。芝加哥大学的研究人员已经培训出了一种人工智能(AI)系统, 在Yelp网站上编写虚假评论，足以乱

9、真。24. What can the new artificial intel 1igence system do according to the passage? A. It can help train new reviewers.B. It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones.C. It can write human-like reviews.D. It can easily damage the businesses.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，芝加哥大学的研究人员研发了一种人工智 能系统，让它在Yelp网站上

10、撰写虚假评论，很难把它们与人类的评论区分开。由此可知，这 种新的人工智能系统可以撰写出像人类写的一样的评论。25. What does the underlined word “rival“ mean in the passage?A. A person who respects you deeply.B. A person who competes wi th you.C. A person who loves to give fake reviews.D. A person who can control you from distance.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章第三段可知，由

11、于许多小企业依赖在线评论来帮助成长 和保持声誉，未来有人可能会疯狂地用机器写的负面评论填满它们的页面，这是相当令人担 忧的。由此可知画线单词所在部分like a rival or angry customer是someone的同位语，对 其进行解释说明。根据上下文语境以及生活常识可以判断出，企业面对的是顾客和竞争对手 两类人。因此rival可以理解为竞争对手。26. What can we infer from Ben Y. Zha。 s remarks?A. Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger.B. The artifi

12、cial intelligence is only used by the researchers.C. Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence.D. The artificial intelligence will help people shake.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段“总的来说，威胁更大，” Ben Y. Zhao,该研 究的作者之一说。“我认为对社会的威胁是巨大的，它真的误导了用户，动摇了我们的信任 关于什么是真的、什么不是真的。我认为那甚至

13、是不可想象的。”可知他认为AI智能能够误 导用户，影响他们明辨是非，会对社会带来不可想象的威胁。27. What is the best title for the passage?A. Suggestions on Giving ReviewsHow to Tell the Fake ReviewsB. Development of AI in Review on YelpAI is Coming to Steal Your Reviews【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，芝加哥大学的研究人员已经培训出了一种人工智 能(AI)系统，在Yelp网站上编写虚假评论，足以乱真，其目的是强调这

14、种系统可以很容易 地写出像人类写的一样的评论，如果它们没有被恰当地运用，它们会变得具有破坏性，而威 胁远远不止如此。选项D “AI is Coming to Steal Your Reviews. ”体现了这一中心思想。C（2021 绍兴高二检测）An international team of scientists has discovered a stellar black hole in Earth, s “cosmic backyardn containing the mass of 70 suns.It s a black hole that forms after stars di

15、e, collapse, and explode. Researchers had long believed that the size limit was only 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that force matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.This theory has now been toppled by LB_1, the newly disc

16、overed black hole. Located about 15, 000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.“Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy （星系）， according to most of the present models of stellar evolution,

17、“ said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery.“LBT is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation. ”Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.The team has proposed some theories. LB-1

18、 * s sheer size suggests that it ”was not formed from the col lapse of only one star, “ the study said-instead, i t could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.Another possibility is that it formed from Mfallback supernova （超行星）.” This is when a supernovathe last stage of an exp

19、loding starejects （喷射）material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole. This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it.There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1

20、 are on the two smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much biggerthey can be billions of times the mass of our sun.Scientists believe supermassive black holes may have connection with the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it i

21、s still not clear exactly how, or which form first.【文章大意】本文是篇科普说明文，主要是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展。28. According to scientists, what might account for the formation of LB-1?A. The material ejected in the explosion of a supernova.B. The two smaller black holes moving around each other.C. The evolution of the solar

22、system.D. The collapse of a certain star.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章的六、七自然段“Scientists are now . . each other. 可知LBT不是由一颗行星的爆炸解体形成的，而是两个小的黑洞相互环绕形成的，由此可知 B选项为正确答案。29. What does the word “toppled“ in Paragraph 3 probably moan?A. Confirmed.B. Strengthened.C. Overturned.I). Refused.【解析】选Co词义猜测题。根据前文It s a black ho

23、le that forms . . . our sun” 可知原先有关黑洞的理论指的是黑洞就是行星陨落、解体、爆炸所形成的，研究人员认为黑 洞的大小是大约是太阳的20倍，根据上下文“This theory . . . Sciences. ”可知LB-1 是一个新的黑洞理论，马原先研究人员认为的不同，故前文所讲述的黑洞理论将会被推翻、 否认，从而可以猜测toppled为“推翻”之意。结合选项可知C选项为正确答案。30. What is the purpose of writing this article?A. To inform readers of the basic knowledge a

24、bout black holes.B. To share the recent development of the black hole discovery.C. To show the importance of discovering black holes for science.D. To report achievements scientists have made in black hole theory.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要围绕黑洞新发现展开，包括黑洞如何 形成、黑洞的大小等，因此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展， 故B选项为

25、正确答案。31. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The Latest Discovery of GalaxiesProposed Theories of Black HolesB. The Possible Formation of the Black HolesBiggest Stellar-mass Black Hole Discovered【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章围绕的“黑洞新发现”以及“There are several. our sun有几种类型的黑洞，LBT还算是小的，据NASA显示，超级黑洞可能是太阳的十

26、亿倍 大”可知新发现的黑洞是超级大的，原先理论认为黑洞大约只有太阳的20倍，可知最新发现 的黑洞是最大的,综上所述可知D选项Biggest Stellar-mass Black Hole Discovered” 概括最为贴切、全面，故I）选项为正确答案。DTeens and their teachers know well that early-morning classes can be tiring. Doctors now have a solution: for better teen health, push the sleep button on school start time

27、s.Janet Croft, who studies teens and sleep at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）in Atlanta high schools, says, uMost teens are actually brain dead when they go to these early classes. Too many students start their day as walking zombies （僵尸）.”One report stresses the importance of s

28、leep for teens and describes the dangers from not getting enough sleep. Studies in the past have shown over and over that teens lacking sleep face higher risks of being overweight and being frustrated.Many teens get too little sleep because they attend middle and high schools that start earlier than

29、 8: 30 am. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, those early start times throw off a studentr s internal body rhythm, called the circadian clock （生物钟）.Too little sleep disturbs that clock and causes problems.The study conducted by the National Sleep Foundation found that nearly 6 in

30、 every 10 middle school students and 9 in 10 high school students are sleeping too little. Yet many parents arcn* t aware of this. In the same study, 7 of every 10 parents said they believed their kids did sleep enough. That study shows too many parents are unaware of the science on teen-sleep needs

31、, says Owens.Kyla Wahlstrom, a former teacher, who has spent a lot of time with teens lacking sleep, seiys: An incredible number of students are either sleeping at their desks or sitting there like a lump, not asking questions or raising their hands.”Getting enough sleep can help a teen on the insid

32、e, too. Several studies have shown that children and teenagers who don t sleep enough are more likely to become obese, or extremely overweight. Teens lacking sleep also are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and mood disorders. It s time to recognize how important sleep is, particularly

33、to teenagers.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学校早上上课时间太早会导致学生睡眠不足， 从而导致一些问题。32. What does the author want to stress by mentioning “walking zombies” in Paragraph 2?A. The studentsJ brain health is worrying.B. The students are fond of computer games.C. The students are so used to staying up very late.1） . The stu

34、dents are in a bad state of learning in ear 1 y classes.【解析】选D。推理判断题。第二段中提到Most teens are actually. . . early classes. （大部分青少年在去上早课时，大脑实际上是麻木的）”，所以作者提到“walking zombies（行走的僵尸）”是想强调这些学生上早课时学习状态不好。故选D。33. According to AAP in Paragraph 4, early school schedules affect teens byincreasing their course loa

35、dA. affecting their circadian clockaffecting their performance at schoolB. disturbing their relationships with classmates【解析】选B0细节理解题。根据第四段第二句According to the . . . clock.（据美国 儿科学会所说，这些很早开始的课程破坏了被称作生物钟的学生的内部身体节奏）”可知, 美国儿科学会认为早课影响学生的生物钟。故选及34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The numbe

36、r of teens lacking sleep is growing fast.B. Physical and mental health are equally important to teens.C. It is really necessary to adjust school start times in the morning.D. Teachers should take measures to raise sludenls interest in learning.【解析】选C。推理判断题。最后一段主要讲述睡眠不足的青少年更有可能变得肥胖，遭受焦 虑、沮丧等情绪问题，结合最后

37、一句 It s time to recognize how important sleep is, particularly to teenagers.（是时候认识到睡眠是多么重要了，尤其是对青少年）”可推知， 调整学校早上课程开始的时间很有必要。故选C。35. What , s the main idea of the text?A. Parents are unaware of their kids sleep condi tion.B. Being overweight is very common among American teens.C. Early school start t

38、imes can turn teens into the walking dead.D. Researchers have found out how sleep is related to teens study.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文章第一句Teens and their teachers know wcl 1 that oarly-morning classes can be tiring.（青少年和他们的老师都清楚地知道,一 大早上课很累）”可知，文章主要讲述学校太早开始上课会让学生睡眠不足，大脑处于麻木 的状态，并讲述了睡眠不足导致的问题，所以C项“学校很早开始

39、上课可以让青少年变成行 尸走肉”符合题意。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。（2021 重庆高二检测）Earlier this year, 1 removed al 1 Internet services from my home, which was very upsetting at first, but I have lived that way. 36 .I was not content with the time I was wasting-37 . If there

40、is something I want to research on the Internet, I write it down and use that list when I have Internet access. Now I m forced to leave the house to get the Internet. I 11 go to the office, the library, the coffee shop, or some other places with free public Wi-Fi, and work on what I need to do onlin

41、e.a way that benefits me and my life, and a way thatNow the Internet is a tool I use to improve my life. 38 , but I go on the Internet wi th the intention of doing these things. Whenever I m on the Internet now, I use it in a deliberate way, adds value.39 . I could focus on writing without being dis

42、turbed. I have more time to read, to write, to think, to exercise and to walk. Because I m out of the house and there are people around. I meet new people. Additionally, I have more time for friends and I feci less stressed and my thoughts arc clearer. My mind is more focused on important things. 40

43、 . Plus, I no longer long for the Internet like I once did.t wi 11 be upsetting at first, but you wi 11 1 ive, and your 1 ife wi 11 be better without it.A. I learnt to think independentlyI don t have a monthly Internet billB. I log on to watch some videos or laugh at funny picturesI felt I could do

44、more purposeful things than spend it on the Internet E. Since I got rid of the Internet at home, I ve found so many benefits F. It ended up being the most productive and wisest decision I ve ever made G. Here are some of my tips to use the Internet in a more productive way 【文章大意】本文是篇记叙文。作者原来在互联网.上花费

45、大量时间看视频和搞笑图片，现 在他只在需要时才有目的地上网，这使他能出去做很多其他事，也让他更能集中注意力，他 认为生活变得更好了。36. 【解析】选F。根据上文I have lived that way 我一直用这种方式生活”可知接着应 该是评价他不再在家上网的意义。设空句的下文分几段详细讲述了这种改变和改变带来的好 处以及改变能够避免的问题。选项F “这最终成为我做过的最有成效、最明智的决定。”既是 承接上句，也能引起下文，切题，故选F。37. 【解析】选 D。根据空前 I was not content with the time I was wasting 可知，我对 我浪费的时间不满

46、意；由此可知，空处表示作者可以用浪费的时间去做其他事情；结合选项 可知，选项 D I felt I could do more purposeful things than spend it on the Internet （我 觉得我可以做更有意义的事情，而不是花时间在网上）”，呼应上一句，符合题意。故选I）。38. 【解析】选 C。根据空后 but I go on the Internet with the intention of doing these things.可知，但我上网的目的是做这些事情。由此可知，空处谈论的是作者上网做的事情； 结合选项可知，选项 C I log on t

47、o watch some videos or laugh at funny pictures（我 上网看一些视频或对有趣的图片发笑）”符合题意，后文的these things指代的是此处的 watch some videos or laugh at funny pictures。故选 C。39. 【解析】选E。设空句后的I could focus on . . . walk.是作者不再在家里上网后的 有益的各种变化，选项E “自从我不在家里上网，我发现了很多好处。”能够引起下文，切题, 故选E【解析】选Bo设空句后的Plus.说明是对设空句所述内容的增加。意为：我不再 像以前那样渴望上网了。选

48、项B “我不再有每月的互联网账单.”与它的下一句都是不在家上 网，不会发生的事，上下文语境一致，切题，故选B。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Modern inventions have speeded up peopley s lives amazingly. Motor cars 41 a hundred miles in more than an hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of 42 seems never-ending. Every year motor cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts （吹嘘）of 43 piecious seconds in handling tasks.All these save time, but at a cost. When we lose or 44 half a day in speeding a