河北省深州市20202021学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题含解析.docx

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1、河北省深州市长江中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分，全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第I卷（选择题，共95分）一、选择题（本大题共三部分，第一部分30分，第二部分50分，第三部分15分，共95分。每小题选出答案后，请填在答题卡上。）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Wh

2、ere will the woman go first?A. To a bakery. B. To a post office. C. To a library.2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Low pay.B. A high rentC. Spending habits.3. How many championship has the speaker* s robot team gotten?A. Two.B. FoulC. Six.4. Who is the man?A The woman s sonThe womanJ

3、s brother.B. The woman5 s nephew.5. What is the man most probably?C. A teacher.A. A cook.B. A waiter.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时 间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第67题。6. What is the man, s plan for the future?A. To de

4、sign his own computer.B. To open a computer company.C. To work as a computer programmer.Researchers have been able to make DNA since the 1970s. The traditional approach takes ONA nucleotides（核甘酸）and adds them, one by one, to a growing chain called an olig。（寡核甘酸）。 But the process is typically slow an

5、d error-prone, limiting oligos to cibout 200 letters-a tiny part of the thousands of letters that make up most genes.Over the decades, most researchers have settled on one particular polymerase（聚合酶），calledTdT,because unlike others, it can attach new nucleotides to an oligo strand without following a

6、 DNA template strand. Scientists have tried for years to make TdT add one nucleotide at a time and stop, before repeating the process with a different nucleotide. But TdT doesnt work wel1 with these modified nucleotides. TdT is very picky. says Sebastian Pal luk, a Ph. I）, student. One such system,

7、for example, required about an hour to add each modified base, far too slow to be practical.Ultimately, the approach should be cheap, because TdT is easy to manufacture in bacteria. It, s also fast. Most new nucleotides attach to the growing oligo in 10 to 20 seconds. For now, the step still takes a

8、 minute. So synthesizing a whole gene will still likely take the better part of a day.The new approach is not quite ready. So far, the group has made oligos only 10 bases long. And there are still a few writing problems, as the approach was only 98% accurate at writing DNA, below the 99% accuracy of

9、 the traditional approach. In order to write oligos up to 1000 baseslong, the approach will likely need to be 99. 9% accurate.12. What is the drawback of theA. It is too expensive.B. It is too hard to be carriedC. It increases oligos to aboutD. It is too slow and there maytraditional way of making D

10、NA?out.200 letters.be mistakes.13. Why have most researchers settled on TdT?A.Because it is cheap.B. Because it is easy to get.C. Because it is harmless to people.D.Because it is easy to control.14. What can we learn from the text?A. Researchers have been able to make DNA recently.B. The new approac

11、h is qui te ready wi thout any problem.C. There isstillsomeworktodobeforethenewapproachispractical.D. To writeoligos1000baseslong,theapproachneeds tobe99%accurate.15. Where is this text most likely from?A.A magazine.B.A diary.C.A novel.D.A guidebook.【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述

12、了科学家们正在尝试用一个最新的方法来改写基因，如果成功, 将可以在一天的时间里创造出一个新的基因，但FI前该技术尚未成熟。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话But the process is typically s 1 ow and error-prone, limiting oligos to about 200 letters-a tiny part of the thousands of letters that make up most genes.（但这个过程通常是缓慢而且容易出错的，限制寡核仔酸只有大约200个字母一一这只是组成大多数基因 的数千个字母中的一小部分。）”

13、可知传统重组基因方法的缺点是缓慢且容易出错，故选I）。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话“Over the decades, most researchers have settled on one particular polymerase（聚合酶），called TdT, because unlike others, it can attach new nucleotides to an oligo strand without following a DNA template strand.（在过去的几十年里，大多数研究人员 都专注于一种特殊的聚合酹，称为TdT,因为与其他酹

14、不同的是，它可以将新的核甘酸附着到寡聚链上，而 不需要附着在 DNA 模板链上。）”第三段第一句话Ultimately, the approach should be cheap, because TdT is easy to manufacture in bacteria.（最终，这种方法应该是廉价的，因为TdT很容易在细菌中制 造。）”可知研究人员专注于TdT的原因是因为TdT在细菌中很容易得到。故选Bo【14题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后i段的首句“The new approach is not quite ready.（新方法还不完全成熟。）” 及最后一句 In order to wr

15、ite oligos up to 1000 bases long, the approach will likely need to be 99. 9% accurate.（为了写出1000个碱基长的寡核甘酸，这种方法可能需要99. 9%的准确度。）”可以推断 出这种基因重组的方法目前还不成熟，主要是精准度不够，由此可以推断出这种方法离正真应用到实际还 需要进行很多的试验与研究工作。故选Co【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知本文为一篇科技说明文，讲述了科学家们正在尝试用一个最新的方 法来改写基因，如果成功，将可以在一天的时间里创造出一个新的基因，由此可知本文最有可能出现在与 科技

16、相关的杂志上。故选Ao第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Daily Habits of Naturally Productive PeopleWhen it comes to being more efficient at your job. you know the basics. But research shows a whole new side of productivity you may not have realized. 16Focus on being happier.17

17、 Even if a low mood does not completely disable you from functioning, it can decrease your productivity to make you far less efficient. Also, dont hesitate to seek help. This will not only help you achieve a more stable work-life balance, but a new outlook can also open you up to new opportunities a

18、nd necessary changes.Prioritize fitness.You know the countless benefits of exercise. 18 Even 30- minute bursts of moderate-to-high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals. If you re really not a fan of the gym,

19、 join a group class to keep yourself motivated.19Pressing pause is important. Studies show that prolonged tasks that require high levels of focus, energy, and attention can cause you to become less productive and focused over time. Take brief mental breaks. When we take ? health breaks we are much m

20、ore focused and engaged for our next work, in contrast, when we try to work continual 1y on a project wi thout breaks our quali ty of work tends to deteriorate.Don, t try to do everything at once.People believe the more we can do at once, the better. 20 In fact, the more we multitask, the less effic

21、ient and productive we become. Instead, to increase productivity, focus on one task at a time until its completed and then give all of your attention to the next task. A. Take breaks at times.B. Make productivity first.C. However, research shows the opposite.D. Studies found happier people are more

22、productive.E. Have a look at these habits of natural 1y productive people.F It improves your mood and increase your brains productivity.G. Researches show that daylight exposure improves your levels of activity.【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. C【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。当你在工作中更有效率的时候，你知道基本原理。但研究表明，你可能还没有意识 到生产率

23、的全新一面。文章主要介绍了做事高效的人的几个日常习惯。【16题详解】根据上文 “When i t comes to being more efficient at your job. you know the basics. But research shows a whole new side of productivity you may not have realized.（当你在工作中更有效率的时候, 你知道基本原理。但研究表明，你可能还没有意识到生产率的全新一面）”结合后文主要说明了几个有助于 高效的好习惯，可知E选项“看看这些天生高效的人所具有的习惯”符合语境，起到了总起下文的作用

24、。 故选E。【17题详解】根据小标题“Focus on being happier.（专注于变得更快乐）”以及后文“Even if a low mood does not completely disab 1e you from functioning, it can decrease your productivity to make you far less efficient. Also, don* t hesitate to seek help. This will not only help you achieve a more stable work-life balance, b

25、ut a new outlook can also open you up to new opportunities and necessary changes.（即使低落的情绪不会让你完全丧失工作能力，它也会降低你的生产力，使你的效率大大降低。 此外，不要犹豫寻求帮助。这不仅会帮助你实现更稳定的工作和生活的平衡，而且一个新的前景也可以为 你打开新的机会和必要的改变）”可知，后文提到情绪低落会使效率降低，可推知反过来快乐的人工作效率 更高，且I）选项中happier与标题中happier相对应。故I）选项“研究发现快乐的人工作效率更高”符合 语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“You kno

26、w the countless benefits of exercise.（你知道运动有无数好处）”以及后文“Even 30- minute bursts of moderate-to-high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals. If youre really not a fan of the gym, join a group class to keep yourse

27、lf motivated.（即使每天进行三到四次 30 分钟中等强 度到高强度的运动，也会对你实现个人和职业目标大有帮助。如果你对健身房不感兴趣，那就参加集体健 身课，让自己保持动力）”可知，上文讲锻炼的好处，下文举具体例子，由此推知，本句承接上文说明锻炼 的好处，F项中的It指代前句的exerciseo故F选项“它能改善你的情绪，提高你的大脑的生产力”符合语境，故选L【19题详解】设空处为本段小标题。根据本段内容 Pressing pause is important. Studies show that prolonged tasks that require high levels of

28、 focus, energy, and attention can cause you to become less productive and focused over time. Take brief mental breaks. When we take * health breakst we are much more focused and engaged for our next work, in contrast, when we try to work continually on a project without breaks our quality of work te

29、nds to deteriorate.（按下暂停键很重要。研究表明，需要高度 专注、精力和注意力的长时间任务会导致你的效率和注意力下降,进行短暂的精神休息。相比之下，当我 们进行“健康休息”时，我们会更专注于下一个工作。当我们试图不间断地持续工作在一个项目上时，我 们的工作质量往往会恶化）”可知，本段讲有的工作需要全身心地投入，会很累，如果不间断地工作下去， 效率会很低，这时需要我们身心都需要休息，且后文中Take brief mental breaks.与A选项中Take breaks 相对应。故A选项“偶尔休息”符合语境，可作为本段小标题。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“People be

30、lieve the more we can do at once, the better.（人们相信我们一次做的越多越 好）” 以及后文 “In fact, the more we multitask, the less efficient and productive we become. Instead, to increase productivity, focus on one task at a time until its completed and then give all of your attention to the next task.（事实上,我们一心多用的次数越多,

31、我们的效率和生产力就越低。 相反，为了提高效率，一次只专注于一项任务，直到它完成，然后把所有的注意力放在下一项任务.匕”可 知，上文提到人们认为同时做越多事越好，后文则说同时做很多事效率和创造力都降低了，可知前后为转 折关系，说明情况正好相反，人们不应该一次性做很多事情。故C选项“然而，研究显示相反的结果”符 合语境，故选C。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入最佳选项。A woman was drowning and she put her hand in the

32、 air with her last energy. She was only moments away from 21 when she was rescued. Surf lifesaver Andrew Reid, who helped 22 the woman, said the woman was 23 lucky, with a number of factors contributing to her rescue.He had just walked in at 6:55 a. m. and a fellow 1 ifeguard 24 because they start a

33、t 7:00 a. m. They were 25 just looking out and checking the conditions. It was then that the struggling woman was 26.Mr. Reid said as he 27 his way towards the woman, other lifeguards were also trying hard.One of the other 28, Troy Stewart, got to the woman quicker. He reached the woman as shebegan

34、to 29 under water. Mr. Reid said the woman was 30 when got above the waterline.Another lifeguard, Anthony Carroll, raced to the rescue, and he even made a separate rescue.“She is a very lucky lady, Mr. Reid said. She had two of the countryr s 31 surf swimmers at the beach this morning.He added that

35、each lifeguard took a different 32 to ensure at least one of them was able to 33 the woman in time.The woman was 34 once she had been rescued. Mr. Reid was proud of the role he and his colleagues 35 in the rescue.21.A.sorrowB.deathC.failure1).disappointment22.A.saveB.catchC.takeD.bring23.A.finallyB.

36、possiblyC.usuallyD.extremely24.A.looked upB.turned upC.took upD.rang up25.A.firmlyB.graduallyC.actuallyD.eventual26.A.noticedB.ignoredC.understoodD.hurt27.A.lostB.foundC.feltD.made28.A.1 i feguardsB.swimmersC.touristsI).policemen29.A.walkB.swimC.dieD.sink30.A.screamingB.laughingC.smilingD.singing31.

37、A.specialB.freeC.smartD.best32.A.methodB.boatC.routeD.routine33.A.seeB.reachC.callD.move34.A.carefulB.usefu1C.hopeful1).grateful35.A.actedB.hadC.playedD.realized【答案】21. B 22.31. D 32. C 33.【解析】AB23. D 24. B34. D 35. C25. C26. A 27. D28. A 29. D 30. A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了几名救生员合力救起一名溺水的妇女的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义

38、辨析。句意：当她被救起时，她离死亡只有片刻之遥。A. sorrow悲哀;B. dealh死亡;C. failure失败：D. disappointment 沮丧。根据下文“said the woman was 3 lucky, with a number of factors contributing to her rescue”可知妇女获救很幸运，被救起来时离死亡很近。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:帮助营救这名妇女的救生员Andrew Reid说，这名女子非常幸运，有很多因素 促成了她的获救。A. save节约，拯救；B. catch赶上，抓住；C. take拿，取：D. b

39、ring带来。根据下 文with a number of factors contributing to her rescue,可知 Andrew Reid 是参加营救的人员之一。 故选Ao【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：帮助营救这名女子的冲浪救生员Andrew Ro id说，这名女子非常幸运，有很多 因素促成了她的获救。A. finally最终，最后；B. possibly有可能地；C. usually通常地；D. extremely 极其。根据下文“She is a very lucky lady, ” Mr. Reid said.“可知 Andrew Reid 表示这名妇女 获救是

40、极其幸运的，很多因素促成了她的获救。故选1）。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他早上6点55分走进来，他的救生员同伴也来了，因为他们是早上7点上 班。A. looked up查出，向上看；B. turned up调高，出现，找到；C. tookup拿起，开始，接受；D. rang up打电话。根据“because they start at 7:00 a. m. ”可知两名救生员出现，因为他们7点上班。故选 Bo【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们实际上只是在观察和检查情况。A. firmly坚定地；B. gradually逐渐地: C. actually 事实上;D. eve

41、ntually 最终。根据 w just looking out and checking the conditions” 可 知事故发生时还没到上班时间，救生员们实际上是在做一些准备工作。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，这个挣扎着的妇女引起了注意。A. noticed注意到；B. ignored忽 视，不理睬；C. understood 理解；【）.hurt 伤害。根据下文“Mr. Reid said as he 7 his way towards the womann可知在水里挣扎的妇女被发现了。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Reid说，当他走向那名

42、女子时，其他救生员也在努力营救。A. lost失去；B. found 找到；C. felt感觉；D. made做。短语make one s way towards ”朝某处走去“。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一名救生员Troy Stewart更快地赶到了那名妇女身边。A. 1 ifeguards救生 员，警卫；B. swimmers 游泳者；C. lourisls 旅游者；D. policemen 警察。根据上文 “olher lifeguards were also trying hard”可知参与救援的都是救生员。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当妇女即将

43、沉入水底时，他伸手去救她。A. walk走路；B. swim游泳；C. die 死；D. sink 下沉。根据下文“Mr. Reid said the woman was 10 when got above the waterline.可知Troy Stewart游到了溺水者旁边时她即将沉到水底。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:Reid说，这名女子在快沉到水底时一直在尖叫。A. screaming大笑，尖叫;B. laughing 嘲笑；C. smiling 微笑;D. singing 唱歌。根据 when got above the waterline”可知快要沉 到水底，她心

44、里惊慌应该是大声尖叫。故选A。31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“她是个非常幸运的女人，” Reid说。“今天早上，在海滩上她有两名全国 最好的游泳员。 A. special特别的，重要的；B. free自由的；C. smart聪明的；D. best最好的。根 据She is a very lucky lady”可知Andrew Reid再次表示这名妇女获救是很幸运的，因为当时全国最 好的两名游泳员在现场。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他补充说，每个救生员都走了不同的路线，以确保至少有一人能及时赶到那名 女子身边。A. method方法；B. boat船；C. route线

45、路，航线；I）, routine日常。根据上文“and he even made a separate rescueM可知救生员们从不同的路径去救溺水者以确保至少有一人能及时赶到。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充说，每个救生员都走了不同的路线，以确保至少有一人能及时赶到那名 女子身边。A. see 看见；B. reach 到达；C. call 打；D. move 移动。根据to ensure at least one of them was able to”可知救生员们从不同的路线去救溺水妇女是要确保至少有一位能及时赶到她身边。 故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。

46、句意：这名妇女在获救后非常感激。A. careful仔细的，小心的：B. useful有 用的;C. hopeful有希望的:D. grateful感激的。根据once she had been rescuedn可知溺水的妇女 被救起应该是心怀感激。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Reid对自己和同事在救援行动中发挥的作用感到自豪。A. acted行动；B. had 有，得到;C. played玩耍,演奏，播放;D. realized实现,意识。短语play a/the role in在起到 作用，扮演角色。故选C。第H卷（非选择题，共55分）二、非选择题（本题共2个小题，第一题

47、15分，第二题40分，共计55）第二节（共10小题；每小题L 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you ask me what are the things that people should not do no matter how, the first thing that 36 (come) to my mind will be to postpone todays business to tomorrow. Nothing should be postponed and nothing can be 37 (actual) pos

48、tponed. If you feel the urge 38 (do) a thing, that means there is 39 certain reason for you to do it today, though maybe you still dont know what the reason is. Every now and then you may get 40 (motivate) by some inspirational stories. But 41 (chance) are high that you havent really accomplished much although you once fe 11 fi 11 ed vith