专题04 介词-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练(江苏专用)(解析版).docx
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1、专题04介词命题方向重要指数考向一时间介词、方位介词和方式介词考向二 介词短语和固定搭配考向一时间介词、方位介词和方式介词0氟廖四究)例(2022江苏淮安中考真题)(时间介词 on) Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day?It is April 23 every year.A. inB. atC. onD. by【答案】C【详解】句意:一王老师,世界读书日是什么时候?一每年的4月23日。考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/月份/季节/年份;at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;by通 过。“April 23”是具体的时间,用时间介词on。故选C。例(202
2、2江苏南通中考真题)(时间介词 at) Now students have more free time night because ofthe “double reduction“ policy.A. inB. onC. atD. to【答案】C【详解】句意:现在,由于“双减”政策,学生在晚上有了更多的自由时间。考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/月份/季节/年份等;on其后加星期或具体的时间;al加点钟等;io到。at night“在晚上“,固定短语,故选C。例 W (2022江苏镇江中考真题)(时间介词 in) The traditional Chinese lunar calendar d
3、ivides a year into 24solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls May.A. inB. atC. onD. to【答案】A【详解】句意:中国传统的阴历将一年分为24个节气。小满通常在五月。考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节;at加具体时刻;on后具体的某一天;io到。May表示“五月”,应 用介词in,故选Ao例(2017江苏徐州中考真题)(地点介词 through) A bird flew into the kitchen the window.A. acrossB. aboveC. throughD. unde
4、rEnglish”可知,此处指通过听日常英语来学习英语,故选B。【变式 19 (2022湖北黄石模拟预测)一I could tell the look on her face that something exciting hadhappened a cold evening.Exactly!A. on, inB. with, onC. by, onD. by, in【答案】C【详解】句意:从她脸上的表情我可以看出,在一个寒冷的晚上发生了一些令人兴奋的事情。没错!考查介词辨析。on在上,或用在具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前;with和,带有,用 工具;by通过(方式,媒介);in用于较
5、长时间段前。根据“tell”可知空格处填by, tell by从可以看 出,依据判断,通过认知到,固定短语。由“a cold evening”可知用on,此处指具体的晚上。故选C。【变式 20 (2022山东济南三模)一How can I improve my English more quickly?一 reading and listening more.A. AtB. ByC. FromD. On【答案】B【详解】句意:我怎样才能更快地提高我的英语?通过多读书多听。考查介词辨析。al在某个时间或时刻;by通过;from从;on在上面。根据“How can I improve myEngl
6、ish more quickly?”可知,答语为“通过多读多听故选【变式 21(2022四川雅安中学一模)Why dont you drive your car today?Because only buses and taxis can go the bridge at present. I think its a better idea to get to workthe subway.A. across; byB. through; by C. through; on D. across; on【答案】D【详解】句意:你今天为什么不开车呢?因为目前只有公共汽车和出租车可以过桥。我认为乘地
7、 铁上班是个更好的主意。考查介词辨析。across从表面穿过;by乘坐;through从内部穿过;on在上;根据“the bridge”可知,第一空指的是“穿过桥,用go across结构,第二空subway前有冠词修饰,用介词on, by与交通工具之间不 加任何词,故选D。【变式 22 (2019山东青岛 模)We arc doing much better English our teachers help.A. in; underB. at; inC. in; withD. with; with【答案】C【详解】句意:在我们老师的帮助下,我们在英语方面做的更好。考查介词。in在里面;un
8、der在下面;at在;with和在一起。句子说的是“我们在英语方面做的更好了in English在英语方面”;with ones help在某人的帮助下”,故选C。考向二介词短语和固定搭配0扇题超贫J帆 1| (2022江苏徐州九年级期中)(介词短语 of ones age) I hear that your uncle has a daughteryour age.一Yes, thats (rue. He is so strict with her that he never allows her to go out at night.A. onB. ofC. inD. for【答案】B【详
9、解】句意:我听说你叔叔有一个和你一样大的女儿。一是的,那是真的。他对她很严格,晚上 从不让她出去。考查介词词义辨析。on在上;。的;in在里;for为了。of one,sage与某人同年龄的,介词 短语,故选B。例幺(2022江苏泰州九年级期末)(介词短语 oul of control) The car was and crashed on the road.A. in controlB. out of control C. under control D. with control【答案】B【详解】句意:这辆汽车失控在路上撞车了。考查介词短语辨析。in control在控制下;out of
10、control失控;under control处于控制下;with control控制。根据The car was.and crashed on the road.”可知,汽车是失控才会在路上撞车。故选B厚命幽度南介词短语和固定搭配介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后,形成复合词,有特定的意思。如下:(1)动词 + 介词($0: talk about* look at)(2) Be动词+形容词+介词(如:be tired of)(3)介词+名词(如:at home, on foot, in time)动词+介词 要区别“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的短语,前者的宾语只可接在介词之后,后者当宾语为名
11、词时可放在副 词前或后,当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之前Be动词+形容词+介词be kind to对(某人)亲切; be good at在做得好;擅长于be late for 迟到;be afraid of 害怕;be absent from 缺席; be proud of 以为自豪;be fond of 喜欢be full of 充满be interested in对有兴趣be confident in对有信心be short of 缺乏be tired of讨厌/厌倦 be loyal to对忠诚be worried about 为担心 be busy with 忙于(某事)be di
12、fferent from和不同be famous as作为而出名be famous for 因而出名 be sorry for sth.为抱歉;be angry with sb.对某人生气be strict with对严格要求be angry at sth.为某事生气be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意be surprised at对感到惊奇/诧异介词+名词atat a time 一次,每次at first最初,开始时 at home在家,随便at last最后at once立即,同时at least 至少at most
13、 至多at play(work)在玩耍(工作)at present现在,目前at the same time (与此洞时 at times有时候at the age of在岁时 at the end of.在之末at the beginning of.在之初 at the foot of.在脚下at night/noon在夜里/中午by:by air 航空by bus (plane, etc)坐巴士(飞机等)by chance偶然by the way顺便说一句by mistake错误地,误把 by turns轮流by the end of.到底为止 day by day 日复一日by hand
14、用手,手工,亲手one by one一个接一个by oneself 亲自in:in all总共in any case (event)不管怎样,反正in danger处于危险中in debt负债in demand有需求in fact 实际上in debt负债in demand有需求in fact 实际上in debt负债in demand有需求in fact 实际上in fact 实际上in fact 实际上in fact 实际上in detail 详细地in general 一般说来in ones opinion 在(某人)看来in order to (that)以便,为了 in other
15、words 换句话说in person 亲自in practice 实际上 in regard to 关于 in the end 最后in trouble处于困境in public(private)公开(私下)地in short 总之in time及时in turn依次in the middle of 在中间in ones twenties在某人二十几岁时in a hurry匆忙 in no time立刻,很快 on:on board在船(飞机)上on fire着火on foot步行on holiday在度假on sale在出售 on time准时on the way在路上 on ones w
16、ay to某人在去的路上on the top of 在上面on the other hand 另一方面on the left (right)在左(右)边 on the other side of 在另一边out of:out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of work 失业out of control失去控制 out of danger脱离危险out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 不时新out of reach无法得到(拿到)out of temper发脾气out of touch(with)和失去联系out of use不再使用【变式 1(2022江苏无锡
17、市华庄中学二模)The volunteer needs to care for two homeless cats andhe thinks it is worth doing.A. at a timeB. at timesC. at one lime D. by (he time【答案】A【详解】句意:那个志愿者需要一次照顾两只无家可归的小猫,他觉得很值得做。考查介词短语。at a time依次,逐一,每次;at times有时;at one time 一度,从前;by the time到时候为止。care for表示“照顾”,此处应是表示他照顾小猫的方式,因此应用at a time表示他次
18、要照顾两只小 猫。故选Ao【变式 2(2022江苏无锡外国语学校二模)There is no help to worry about the uncertain future., its more practical to take the present chance to succeed.A. Above allB. After allC. In allD. At all【答案】B【详解】句意:担心不确定的未来是无益的。毕竟,抓住眼前的机会去取得成功更为实际。考查介词短语辨析。Above all首先;After all毕竟;In all总之;At all完全。根据“There is no
19、help to worry about the uncertain future. .its more practical to take the present chance to succeed.“可知,毕竟抓住眼前的机 会去取得成功更实际,故选B。【变式 3(2022江苏连云港模拟预测)Tell them not to jump the queue or laugh so loudly beforetaking Nucleic Acid Test (核酸检测).Its an impolite behaviour.A. in placeB. on business C. in needD.
20、 in public【答案】D【详解】句意:告诉他们核酸检测前不要插队,不要在公共场合大声笑。这是不礼貌的行为。考查介词短语。in place就位;on business出差;in need需要;in public在公共场合。根据“Tell them not to jump the queue or laugh so loudly.before taking Nucleic Acid Test”可知核酸检测前不要插队,不要在公共场 合大声笑,故选D。【变式 4 (2022江苏开明中学一模)一, Chinese smartphones like Huawei and Xiaomi have gr
21、eatly improved.I agree. Thats why Chinese goods sell better now.A. In generalB. In this way C. In the endD. In the beginning【答案】A【详解】句意:总体而言,华为和小米等中国智能手机有了很大改善。我同意。这就是为什么中 国商品现在卖得更好。考查介词短语。In general总的来说;In this way用这个办法;In the end最后;In the beginning 一开始。根 据“Thats why Chinese goods sell better now.”
22、这里是说:总体而言,华为和小米等中国智能手机有/很大改 善。故选Ao【变式 5】(2022江苏宿迁三模)Chinese singer Liu Gcnghongs online fitness videos encourage people to exercise indoor lying down all day long.A. as a result of B. instead ofC. because of D. in fear of【答案】B【详解】句意:中国歌手刘晓宏的在线健身视频鼓励人们在室内锻炼,而不是整天躺着。考查介词短语。as a result of由于的结果;instead
23、of (是)而不是;because of因为,由于;in fear of为提心吊胆故填。根据“exercise indoor.lying down all day long.”可知,鼓励人们锻炼而不是躺着,故选B。【变式 6 (2022江苏苏州二模)一Can you give me some advice on improving my test scores?Well,you cant play games every night.A. above allB. as a resultC. in other words D. after all【答案】A【详解】句意:你能给我一些提高考试成绩的
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