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1、一、语法与用法方面1 .宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高 考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:go on doing (继续干同一件事)go on to do (接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事)stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)regret doing (后悔干了某事)regret to do (相当于 be sorry to do ) forget/remember doing (忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/rem-ember to do (忘记/记得要干的事)mean doing (意
2、味着干)mean to do (想干)try doing (尝试做)try to do (设法做)(95 高考)You were brave enough to raise objections at themeeting.Well, now I regret that.* A.to do B.to be doing C.to havedone D.having done (画线项为答案,下同)(92高考)Iusually go there by train.HWhy not by boat for a change? A.totry going B.trying to go C.to try
3、 and go D.try going 2 .都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如 forbid, advise allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动 词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here. () You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)(87 高考)They would not allow him across the ene-my line. A.to risk going B.risking go
4、ing C.for risk to go D.risk going3 .宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式), 可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种 形式意义相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning. (85 高考)This sentence needs. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving 0.improved4 .只接不定式作宾语的词和词组decide, expec
5、t, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, hap pen, seem, make up ones mind, used, be about, be able, have 等。如:(89 高考)She pretended me when I passed by. A.notto see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen5 .只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, excape, keep, suggest, a
6、ppreciate, practise, de lay, finish, feel like, look forward to, cant help, keep (on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine , put off, give up 等。如:(92 高考)I would appreciate back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.yourcalling D.you are calling (87 高考)The squirrel was lucky thatit just
7、missed. A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 6 .半系动词半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感 观的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel (这些词用形容词作表语),seem, appear 表变化的系动词:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run 表依I日的系动词:remain, keep stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 可带名词作表语的系动词:be,
8、become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn (该词后 接的单数名词 前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.) (91高考)These oranges taste. A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well7 .含“被动意味的动词有些动词,如 sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, cut, lock, cost, read, write, tear , wear, pull, clean, add, cook, let (出租
9、) 等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语 连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。(88 高考)That suit over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost (97 高考)Is this raincoat yours? No, mine th-ere behind the door.* A.is hanging B.hashung C.hangs D.hung8 .具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有
10、些不规那么动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或 考测时极易弄混。如:hang, hanged, hanged (绞死)hang, hung, hung (挂起)light, lit, lit (点燃,作谓语)light, lighted, lighted (过去分词作形容词用时,意谓 燃烧着的,作定语)drink, drank, drunk/drunken (喝,饮;过去分词作形 容词同时,意谓“醉的”,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink, sank, sunk/sunken (下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear, bore, born (出生)b
11、ear, bore, borne (结果;生育)lie (撒谎),lied, lied, lying lie (躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying (89 高考)Do you know the boy under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying The woman, who was born in 1940, has borne five children.二、固定搭配方面英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词 或介词、副词。我们可按以下方式进行比照归纳。1 .常用的搭配活跃的名词常用的搭配较活跃
12、的名词有:time, way, moment, means等。如time的 搭配 短语在中学教材中出现有:in no time (立刻,马上),on time (按时),in time (及时、迟早),at a time (一次),behind the times (落伍),behind time (不及时,晚点),at one time (曾经),for a time (一度),at othe r times (其它时候,平素),at times (有 时候at all times (一直,经常)(93 高考)If you keep on, you will succeed.A.in tim
13、e B.at on time C.on time D.at the same time (94 高考)Dont all speak at once! , please. A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time2 .常用的搭配活跃的动词常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look, take, make, give, get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, come 等。 复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起 比照记忆,如turn一词:turn
14、 on (翻开),turn off (关上),turn up (放大音量等;出现),turn down (放小音量等;拒绝),turn in (上交),turn少-ainst (反对),turnout (生 产),turn away (避开)(81 高考)Would you mind your radio alittle? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down (92 高考)Readers can quite well without knowing the exactmeaning of each word.A.get
15、over B.get out of C.get away D.get off? 3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with 等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关, 如on的搭配有:on与动词的搭配get on(上车/船等),live on(以为生),feed on(以 为生),take on (接受;雇用),turn on (翻开开关/电器等),look on (旁观), spy on (侦 察/窥探),call on (号召;拜访),go on
16、 (继续),have on (穿 戴),depend on (依靠),wait on (侍候),carry on (执行),hold on (坚持), insi st on (坚持),play tr-icks on (戏弄),fix on (注视),impress on (留下 印象)on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍)on duty (值班),on business (因公;因事),on fire (燃烧),on show (展 览),on time (准时),on strike (罢工),on watch (监视,观察),on sale(出售;大减价),on earth (至ij底,究竟),o
17、n journey (旅游),on foot (步行), on purpose (故意),on the way (在 路上),on the contrary (相 反),on one hand (一方面),on the right (在 右边),on the whole (总而言之),on ones own (单独),on ones side (支 持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave (度假/ 请假)其它情况:later on (后来),from now/then on (从现在/那时起),on account of (由 于,因为)(93 高考)We offered him
18、our congratulations his pa-ssingthe college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of (91 高考)A new schoolwas in the v川age last year. A.held up B.set upC.sentup D.brought up三、从比照词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关1 .动作动词和结果动词英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个 那么表示该动作所产生的结果,这类动词常见的有:look for (寻找),find (找到);look (看),s
19、ee (看见);listen (听),hear (听到);try (试 图,不说明是否成功),manage (设法,侧重做到);advise (劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade (劝服,侧重劝成功)(87高考)How can you if you are not? A.listen, hearingB.hear, listening C.be listening, heardD.be hearing, listened to2 .词序不同、意思就不同有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:before long (不 久以后),long before (很久以前)turn i
20、n (上交;就寝),in turn (按次序,轮 流)hand in (上交),in hand (在手边)from far (来自远方),far from (离 得远;远非)much too (非常,修饰形容词或副词),too much (太多,修饰 名词,也可作名词)if only (要是), only if (只有)all in (精疲力尽),in all (总共)good for (对有好处),for good (永远)(95 上海)It was late to catcha bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.A.too ve
21、ryB.much tooC.too muchD.far Before long, he moved to London and made London the base for 一his revolutionar y work.It was not long before the whole country rose up and drovethe Aus trians out of their homeland.3 .动词后有无介词,意思不同因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:search (对人、物或场所搜查),search for (搜寻人、物或场所)leave (
22、离开某地), leave for (去某地)reach (到达;拿到),reach for (伸手去拿)prepare (准 备),prepare for (为作准备)enter (进入),enter for (报名参加)run (经 营;跑),run for (竞选)stand (站;忍受),stand for (代表)answer (回 答),answer for (负责)know (了解,知道),know about (知道关于)pay (付钱、债给某人),pay for (付钱买某物)The baby reached for the apple but he couldnt reach
23、 it.那婴儿伸手 去拿 苹果,但够不到。The mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate.那 个曾经 营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。4 .有无-ly,意思和用法都不同这词在教材中较多。一般来说,在形容词后加了-ly成了副词,但有些形容词 不加ly时也可作副词,因而在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用 法分类记忆:a.表具体(无ly)和抽象(有ly)的区别:wide (宽广),widely (广泛地) deep (深),deeply (深深地)high (高,位置高),highly (高度地)low (位
24、置低),lowly (地位卑微)b.有无-ly,意思不同:near (近,附近),nearly (几乎)hard (努力),hardly (几乎不)most (大局部),mostly (主要地)like (象一样),likely (大概,也许)dear (昂 贵),dearly (深切地;昂贵地)close (靠近地),closely (密切地)late (迟 到),lately (最近)bad (坏),badly (恶劣地;严重地)5 .合写与分写时意思不同这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:sometime (某个时候),some time (一段时间)som
25、etimes (有时),some times (几次)everyday (adj.日常的”,作定语),every day (每天)anyway ( adv.无论怎样),any way (以任何方式)altogether (总共,完全),all together (一道,一起)already (已经),all ready (都已准备好)everyone (每个人, 指人,不可接of短语),every one (每个人或物,后 可接of短语)none (没 有,可指人或物),no one (没有,专指人)(95高考)They were all very tired, but of them wou
26、ld stop to take a rest. A.any B.some C.none D.neither6 .差了一个字母a,意思大不同这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使用时也常混淆,因而要从用法和意义 上加以区分。如:alive (adj.活着的,作表语),live (adj.修饰物,作定语:a live fire) alone (adj., adv.“单独”,作形容词时作表语),lone (adj.”孤独的;偏僻的“,作定 语)asleep (adj.”熟睡的”,常作表语),sleep (V., n.睡着)awake (adj., v.”醒着;叫醒”,作形容词时作表语),wake (v.
27、叫醒)alike (adj.”相象的“,表 语形容词),like (v., prep., adj.喜欢;象一样)arise (vi.产生;发生;出现),rise (vi.起来;上涨;上升)across (prep., adv.穿过;横过),cross (v.穿过;横过)await (vt等候”,直接接宾语黄wait (vi等候”,不及物动词)aloud (adv.”大声地,与read, call, cry等连用, 无比拟级形式),loud (adv.大声地,响亮地”,常与talk, speak, shout, laugh 等词连用)注意:有a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时那么要后置。如:Ifs difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关归纳易拼错的常用词如:quarrel, immerdiately, camera, umbrella, envelope, develop, popular, republi c , public, appreciate, pronunciation 等,攻克单词拼写难关。我们在复习词汇时要有的放矢,全方位、多渠道地去探索它们的内在规律, 根据它们的特点把语音、拼写、语法、搭配等融为一体,缩小复习的范围、防止 词汇复习的枯燥性,从而提高复习兴趣与效果。
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