专题07 数词-初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）.docx

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1、专题07数词知识点1：数词的分类表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词，如one, ten, fifty-two等。表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词，如first, tenth, fiftieth等。知识点2：基数词的写法1 12： one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve13-19： 以-teen 为结尾：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20-90:以-ty 结尾：

2、twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety21-99:十位与个位之间要加连字符一：twenty-one, sixty-five, ninety-nine总结：1 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty21 twenty-one3 three13 thirteen30 thirty32 thirty-two4 four14 fourteen40 forty43 forty-three5 five15 fifteen50 fifty54 fifty-four6 six16 sixteen6

3、0 sixty65 sixty-five7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy76 seventy-six8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty87 cighty-scvcn9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety98 ninety-eight10 ten100 one hundred知识点3：数词的读法1、1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式one, Iwo, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2、13-19都以teen结尾thirteen, fourt

4、een, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen3、20-90之间的“整十”都以ty结尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety4、20-99之间的“几十儿”，先说“几十”,再说“几”,且中间加连词符。如：22 twenty-two, 49 forty-nine, 94 ninety-four5、101-999之间的非整百的基数词读法为：百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接。如：608 six hundred and eight, 732 seven h

5、undred and thirty-two6、四位数及以上的基数词读法为：先将数字从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读thousand（千）, 第二个逗号读million （百万），第三个逗号读billion （十亿），读数时从左向右依次读出来。202 读作：two hundred and two234 读作：two hundred and thirty-four1,234 读作：one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four3.077 读作：three thousand, and seventy-seven11,234 读作：eleven thousan

6、d, two hundred and thirty-four155,721 读作：one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty-one6,155,702 读作：six million, one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and two26,000,008 读作：twenty-six million, and eight知识点4：数词的用法一、基数词的用法.时间的表达12小时制时刻的读法分为顺读法和倒读法。顺读法是依次读“点钟数、分钟数”。倒读法中，在

7、前半 小时：“分钟数+past+已过点钟数”：在后半小时：“分钟数+ to+下个钟点数。半小时用“half，一 刻钟用quarter。6: 00读作：six(oclock)7: 30顺读：seven thirty倒读：half past seven9: 15顺读:nine fifteenf到读：a quarter past nine2: 45顺读：two forty-five倒读：a quarter to three21: 50顺读:：twenty-one fifty 倒读：ten to ten in the evening=9: 5Op.in.24: 00 读作：twenty-four hu

8、ndred hours=midnightThe bus usually leaves al 19:15.公共汽车通常在 19:15 离开。(读作 a quarter past seven in the evening 或 nineteen fifteen).表示计量：表示事物的计量，即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度如：It is 50 metres/kilometers/miles long (wide, deep, high).它有 50 米/千米/英里长(宽、深、高)。1 .表示编号：编号的数字如果过小，可用序数词或基数词表示；如果数字较大，通常用基数词表示.表示不确切的数字：基数词后面直接

9、加上复数名词表示精确的数字，而基数词复数形式加上“。表示不确切的数字.表示年龄和岁数如：The tenth lesson=Lesson Ten第10课Room 405第405号房Page 215第215页No. 14 Middle School第14中学Telephone NO.5855806电话：5855806如： five hundred students500名学生two thousand people2000 人hundreds of students几百名学生millions of workers成千上万的工人1)表示年龄的主要句式如下:He is 10(years of age).

10、他10岁。He is 10 yeas old.他10岁。He is a (en-year-old boy.他是个10岁的男孩子。He is a boy of 10 yeas old.他是个10岁的男孩子。At the age of ten, he began to learn English. 他 10 岁开始学英语。2)介词 in+ones twenties (thirties)表示“在某人 20 多岁(30 多岁)如：My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸 50 多岁。When he was in his forties, he began to learn En

11、glish. 当他 40 多岁时，他开始学英语。2 .表示年代:表示什么世纪,什么年代时,通常在数词后加s或&并在年代前加定冠词the，如1980为 （20 世纪 80 年代），读作：nineteen eighties.如：His grandfather died in the 1970so 他爷爷死于 20 世纪 70 年代。3 .表示百分数：百分数的表达方式是：基数词+ percent （单数形式）+of+名词如：Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities. 我班 30%的学生来自城市。About 61 percen

12、t of the surface is covered by water. 大约 61 %的表面被水覆盖着。4 .数词和名词连用，加连字符相当于形容词He is a ten-year-old boy. = He is a boy of 10 yeas old 他是一个 10 岁的男孩。注意有时名词后不可写复数形式，其作为一个整体相当于形容词，只作定语。而不加时，当基 数词大于I时，之后的名词要注意用复数，只能作表语。类似这样的用法，还有：Ihree-meter-high三米高的four-meter-wide 4米宽的二、序数词的用法.序数词主要用作定语、表语，前面一般要加定冠词the,.The

13、 fifth lesson is very easy to learn.（定语）You are the first one I believe.（表语）.序数词前不用定冠词的情况表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。Ill have to do it a second time. 我不得不再做一次。序数词前有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einsteins fiftieth birthday.柏林在一九二九年爱因斯坦第五十岁生日时举办了

14、一个公开庆祝会。在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。From then on he toured three-fourths of Beijing.从那以后他逛 了四分之三的北京城。数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。There is a first-class hotel over there.那边有一个一流的宾馆。序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?为什么上尉一开始犹豫让那个男孩冒险爬树？在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。at first

15、 开始 first of al 1 首先 from first to last 自始至终知识点5：基数词和序数词合作之分数的表达分数的表达方式是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是one时，分母不必加s;分子大于one时， 分母要加s.如： a(=one) third 三分之一 one fifth 五分之一two thirds / two-thirds 三分之二three fourths/ three-fourths 四分之三注意：分数的表达分子与分母之间是否加连字符，后面的s都不能少。这点和ten-year-old这种结 构是不一样的。注意区分。Two thirds/Tvvo-thirds

16、of the trees were cut down ten years ago.10年前三分之二的树木被砍伐了。注意：1/2读作“a(one)hair*(而不是a second一秒钟卜1/4既可读作“a(one)qiiarter”，又可读作 wa(one)fourth,3/4,也可读作“three quarters”。【例题】单选考点：1) hundred/thousand/million：数字+单数five hundred workers 五百个工人复数+ofhundreds of people 五百个人数字+单数+of + the复数/代词宾格five hundred of the wo

17、rkers工人中的五百个That day the workers were asked to work from morning to afternoon.A. hundreds ofB. four thousand of C. three hundredD. two hundreds【答案】B【解析】workers前面有the,所以要选其中的多少个，只有b选项复合。2)表达几十多。基数词+s,短语结构in +限定词(the/物主代词)+基数词+sDuring in Beijing, Jordan, who was already was still very active.A. he sta

18、yed; in his thirtiesB. his stay; in his thirtiesC. his stay; in his thirtiethD. he stayed; in his thirtieth【答案】B【解析】during是介词，后面要加名词短语，不能加从句。答案锁定B和C,根据短语结构应该选BMy cousin served in the army in when he was in.A. 1990s; the twentiesB. the 1990s; the twentiesC. the 1990s; his twentiesD. 1990s; his twenti

19、es【答案】C【解析】根据短语结构，可以直接选出答案。3)分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1,分母加s。1. About of the books in our school library written in Chinese.A. four-fifth; is B. four-fifths; are C. fourth-fifths; is D. fourths-fifth; are 【答案】BAbout of (he earth covered with water, but not fresh water.A. thrcc-fourth; is B. thrcc-four

20、ths; arc C. thrcc-fourths; isD. three-fourth; arc【答案】C词汇考点：I .基数词与序数词：形式辨析：看后面名词，如果名词是复数，那么就用基数词。如果名词是单数，那么就用序数词(记住 千万不能把the当做判断依据)Which do you (hink is the most useful invention in the(twenty-one) century? 【答案】twenty-first2.分数表示法：It is clear that 75 per cent means the same as three(four)答案：fourths翻

21、译句子考点：1 .我正在收集100张不同的邮票。2 .我们学校有3000多个学生。3 .他父亲住在九楼的一慌公寓里。4 .我妈妈的生FI是在十二月八日。5 .天安门广场有约440000平方米的面积。6 .他总是我们班上第一个完成作业的人。【答案】am collecting one hundred different stamps.2. There are over 3,000 students in our school.3. His father lives in a flat on the ninth floor.4. My mothers birthday is December 8,h

22、.5. Tianan Men Square has 440,000 square meters.6. He is always the firth to finih schoolwork in our class.链接中考：（2022 扬州市中考）53.minutes after she left, it started to snow heavily.（三十）【答案】Thirty【解析】句意：她离开三十分钟后，天开始下大雪。三十：thirty,此处表示数量，用基数词，放句 首首字母大写。故填Thirty。（2022 宿迁市中考）51. In the twelve Chinese animal

23、 signs, the Tiger is the （第三）in order.【答案】third【解析】句意：在十二生肖中，老虎排在第三位。third“第三”，是序数词，表示顺序，故填third。（2022 连云港市中考）52. This nature reserve is home to more than eight（百）kinds of animals and plants.【答案】52.hundred(2022 泰州市中考)59. Beijing, the capital of China, is worlds(one) city to host Olympic Games twice.【答案】first【解析】句意:中国首都北京是世界上第一个两次举办奥运会的城市。根据city to host Olympic Games twice”可知，此处是指第一个两次举办奥运会的城市，表示顺序用序数词first“第一”。故填 first。