2021考研英语二真题和答案.docx

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1、2021考研英语二真题和答案2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher ris

2、k of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health. Of

3、 even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BML BMI 7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 i

4、s considered obese. Obesity, 8,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a highO需它!1罟OE1A 口鹿留它口赶邛髯口 口%施翳!军OO乙 麝BMI are in fact extrem

5、ely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgra

6、ce.The overweight are sometimes_15Jn the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teacheremployersand health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to loo

7、k down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weigh

8、t loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome03. A Instead B However C

9、Likewise D Therefore4. A indicator B objective C origin D example 5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern6.Ain terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of 7.Ameasures B determines C equals D modifies8.Ain essence B in contrast C in turn D in part 9.Acomplicated B conservative C variable D str

10、aightforward10. A so B unlike C since D unless 11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste12. A start B quality C retire D stay 13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency 15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored16. A B combined C settled D associa

11、ted 17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded 19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies20. A for B against C with D without Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosin

12、g A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1 What would you do with 590m This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hope

13、s her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great

14、wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trip

15、s, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most happiness bang for

16、your buck. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving

17、 to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of

18、 obsession. Readers of HappyMoney are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among r

19、ich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bo

20、ok believing it was money well spent. 21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is themost rewarding purchase AA big houseBA special tour CA stylish carDA rich meal 22. The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcritical BsupportiveCsympathetic Dambiguous23. Macrib is mention

21、ed in paragraph 3 to show that Aconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure 24. According to the last paragraph,Happy MoneyAhas left much room for readerscriticism Bmay prove to be a worthwhile pu

22、rchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the us Dmay give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to Abalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large sums of money won in lotteries Cobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on

23、luxuries Text 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the ca

24、ll the above average effect, or illusory superiority, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities. We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming

25、situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff. Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people si

26、mply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition/ reads the study, is an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intu

27、itively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhan

28、ce the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for h

29、aving higher self-esteem. I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion, says Epley. Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s studyjt makes sense tha

30、t why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore Js a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyl

31、e its not that peoples profiles are dishonestzsays catalina toma of WisconMadison university ,but they portray an idealized version of themselves. 26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have foundthat. A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless e

32、ffect C our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective 27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoplesA rapid watching Bconscious choiceCintuitive response Dautomatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to Aunderestimate their inse

33、curitiesBbelieve in their attractiveness Ccover up their depressionsDoversimplify their illusions 29.The word Viscerally(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to. AinstinctivelyBoccasionally CparticularlyDaggressively 30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers paradisebecause people can. Apresent their dishonest profilesBdefine their traditional life styles Cshare their intellectual pursuitsDwithhold their unflattering sides fl 马 1!Q 遣觥 挹爵哪。?胡阿。口 利翳钱。 祖翳金呈口港金口寺敦3 口 颊麝昱到广 髯 皿 金我斜嬖鬓 联号 息制一9)目W 猫翳号。口拓麝Q呈e)9旨。口翳髯乙9 胖麝檀