北京市顺义区2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语Word版含解析.docx

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1、顺义区2020-2021学年高一第一学期期末质量监测英语试卷一、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Pop music is a musical style. Pop music can make people feel1(excite) and comfortable. Since the1980s, pop music has been popular in China. Nowadays, Jay Chou2(love) by a large numbe

2、r of fans of allages. He has sung lots of songs about the world we live in. One of3(they) is Dao Xiang. It encouragespeople not to give up even when life is difficult.【答案】1. excited 2. is loved 3. them【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了流行音乐在中国大受欢迎，并介绍流行音乐代表人物周杰伦和他的音乐。【1题详解】考查形容词。句意：流行音乐可以使人感到兴奋和舒适。根据空后“andcomfortable

3、”可知，空处需用形容 词作表语，本句 宾语是人people,所以空处需用ed形容词excited作表语，ing形容词常修饰物。故填 excited o【2题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，周杰伦受到了众多年龄层粉丝的喜爱。由时间状语nowadays可 知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，因为是被喜欢，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态的被动语态： be done,主语是JayChou,单数概念，所以be动词需用is。故填is loved。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：稻香就是其中之一。介词。f后需接人称代词宾格，they的宾格是them。故填them。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未

4、给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Every year thousands of tons of rubbish(废物)are in our oceans, lakes and rivers. 60% of the rubbish4lasts for a long time in the water will do great harm(伤害)to sea creatures(生物).For example, many5 (animal) have been suffering greatly in the water just beca

5、use of the rubbish in the oceans and rivers, so its important for us 6(clean) up our mess(脏舌L) because we not only enjoy Mother Natures gifts but also haveValley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.Later I decided to appl

6、y my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate（有读写能力的）.Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now Ive got to a point

7、in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.32. What did the author think of his school days?A. Great.B. Successful.C. Challenging.D. Frightening.33. What gives the author confidence?A. Rock climbing.B. Reading and writing.C. Extra he

8、lp in a special school.D. The art of making things with clay.34. What did the author learn from rock climbing?A. Live and learn.B. Practice makes perfect.C. Everyone has his own strengths.D. A good beginning makes a good ending.35. How long did it take the author to become literate?A. About five yea

9、rs.C. 34 years.36. What kind of person is the author?A. Determined.C. Talented.B. Two years.D. Unknown.B. Interesting.D. Hard.【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. B 36. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小的时候有学习障碍，所以学生时代充满艰辛；但是他没有放弃， 当他发现艺术可以帮助他表达自己时，他获得了信心；通过攀岩运动，作者知道了要坚持才能做得更好； 通过不断地练习，作者终于学会了读书写字。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容

10、uMy learning disability made my school days very challenging from an earlyage.（我的学习障碍使我的学校生活从很小的时候就充满挑战。）”可知，作者的学生时代是充满挑战困难， 难熬的。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容 “Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my conf

11、idence came along.（在这里，我学至U 了 人生的 第一堂重要的课：尽管我在语言方面有缺陷，但我仍然可以很聪明，用黏土很好地表达自己。我的信心随 之而生。）”可知，作者能用黏土制作的艺术作品表达自己，这使他有了信心。故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容 “I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.（我学到了，如果你爱上某件事，并一直做下去，你会做得更好。）”可知，作者从攀岩中学 到了坚持做一件事，不断练习

12、就会做得更好即熟能生巧。故选B 项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Aftertwohardyears, Iwas literate.”可知，经过两年的艰苦努力，作者 已经能识字了。故选B项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容 “Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area t

13、hat is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.（在经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程后，现在我知道自己已经足够 聪明，可以进入一个完全未知、艰难但有趣的领域。）”可知，作者经历了艺术，攀岩，阅读和写作的漫长 过程，这应是一个有毅力的人才能完成和接受的。所以作者是一个有毅力的人。故选A项。CYou spend a third of your life asleep, a certain part of which involves dreaming. But most often, you dont remember any of your dr

14、eams.While the exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness.You are awake, but is your hippocampus（海马体）awake? When we fall asleep, not all th

15、e brains regions go offline at the same time. Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory.“If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very wel

16、l be the last to wake up J said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,“ An

17、drillon told Live Science.While this might explain why dream memories are so fleeting, it doesnt mean that your hippocampus has been inactive throughout the night. In fact, this region is quite active during sleep, and appears to be storing and caring for existing memories to strengthen them, instea

18、d of listening for incoming new experiences.Sometimes your dreams are just not memorable? Do you remember what you were thinking about this morning when brushing your teeth? Our minds wander（游离）all the time, but we get rid of most of those thoughts as unimportant information. Dreams, especially ordi

19、nary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember. But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent（连贯的）seem to be better remembered-perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store.If you are

20、 interested in improving your dream recall, there are a few tricks to try. One is drinking water before bed, because it will make you wake up at night to use the bathroom. These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently accompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to

21、remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile（脆弱的）dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory.

22、37. What can we learn about dreams from the passage?A. Dreaming means processing memory during sleeping.B. Dreams come from your hippocampus.C. Dreams are sometimes useless for us to remember.D. We need special trainings to recall our dreams.38. You can remember your dreams when you wake up probably

23、 because.A. you are forgetful and poor in remembering thingsyour dreams are vivid, emotional and coherentB. your hippocampus is active in receiving new informationyour brain needs to start up to move dreams into long-term memory39. What does the underlined word fleeting“ in Paragraph 5 probably mean

24、?A. Inactive.B. Short-lived.C. Significant.D. Slight.40. Which of the following CANNOT help you to recall a dream?A. Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information.B. Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams.C. Record what you can remember in your dreams upon awak

25、ening.D. Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up.41. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To tell the importance of dreams.B. To explain our forgetfulness in dreams.C. To present some methods to recall dreams.D. To analyze how our brain deal with information.【答案】37.C

26、38. B 39. B 40. A 41. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们为什么会记不住自己做过的梦或对梦只是存在短期记忆，海马体起 着重要的作用。同时对于大脑来说，普通的梦可能就像白日梦一样，被大脑认为是无用的，以至于记不住。 文章末尾则提出了能够帮助回忆梦境的方法。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容 “Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember.v可知，梦，

27、尤其是普通的梦，可能就像白日梦一样， 被大脑认为是无用的，以至于记不住。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容 “But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent seem to be better remembered一perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store.（但更生动、更有情感、更连贯的梦似乎更容易被记住也许是因为它们让人更清醒，而且它们有 条理的故事更容易存储。）

28、”可知，能够记住梦是因为这个梦是更生动，更有情感和更连贯的。故选B项。 【39题详解】词句猜测题。分析可知，划线单词所在句 “While this might explain why dream memories are so fleetingv 句 中的 “this” 应是指代前文内容 “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is n

29、ot able to keep that memory（所 以，你可能会有这样一个窗口，你在短期记忆中醒来时梦到了一个梦，但由于海马体还没有完全清醒，你 的大脑无法保持这段记忆。）”根据前文内容可知，前文内容解释了为什么有关于梦的记忆，但无法保持的 原因，也就是梦的记忆很短暂的原因，即uwhy dream memories are so fleetingv ,由此可推知，划线单词 “fleeting”应是“短暂的”含义。故选B项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容提出的建议“These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently acc

30、ompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memo

31、ry, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory.（这些半夜醒来经常伴随着梦的回忆。一些研究表明，反复提醒自 己想要记住自己的梦可能会增加你成功的机会，记梦日记也有同样的效果。醒来后，抓住脆弱的梦境记忆： 闭上眼睛，一动不动地重复梦境记忆，直到你的海马体跟上并正确存储这些记忆。）”可知，选项B “Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams.（不断提醒自己要记住自己的梦。）” ；C“ Record what you can remem

32、ber in your dreams upon awakening4在你醒来的时候记录下你在梦里能记住的东西。）”； D “Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up.（在你醒来后直接回想你梦里的事情。）” 为文章中提及的建议，选项 A Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information.（提高海马体 捕捉信息的能力。）”并未提及。故选A项。41题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段揭示了文章主题u While the

33、exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness.（虽然我们几乎记不起梦境的确切原因还不完全清 楚，但科学家们已经对睡眠期间的记忆过程有了一些了解，从而得出一些可能解释我们健忘的观点。）”可 知，文章主要围绕“对梦的健忘”这一话题进行讲述，分

34、析原因，并在末尾段落提出了能够帮助回忆梦境 的方法，由此可推知，作者的目的是为了解释对梦健忘的原因。故选B项。第二节阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结 构正确，书写工整。Why do you feel encouraged when your teacher gives you a smile? How do you know your mother is angry when she frowns（皱眉）？ In both cases, the person is telling us something not with words

35、, but with facial expressions.Facial expressions are one or more movements on a persons face, such as frowning, raising ones eyebrows（眉毛）,and nose and lip。绪唇）movements. They express peoples feelings.Scientists at Oxford University have shown that humans have 80 muscles（EL肉）on their faces. These musc

36、les can create more than 7, 000 facial expressions. However , there are six main kinds of facial expressions that are common in all cultures: happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger and disgust（厌恶）.Facial expressions are very important to communication. One study at UCLA, in the US, showed that in

37、 most conversations, over 93 percent of the communicating is done without speaking.If people can read facial expressions, they may be better at knowing what other people are feeling, so they can understand them better. Someone who does not enjoy a certain type of food usually will make a face when h

38、e/she sees or tastes it. A frown means worry or anger. Raised eyebrows and open eyes show surprise.However, there are some taboos（禁忌）for reading peoples facial expressions. For example, it is not a good idea to stare at someone for a long time while reading his or her facial expressions. They may th

39、ink you are rude. 42. What are facial expressions?（不多于 15 个单词）How many facial expressions can our face muscles create?（不多于 5 个单词）43. Why are facial expressions important?（不多于 15 个单词）What may a person do when she/he feels surprised?（不多于 10 个单词）44. What is the passage mainly about?（不多于 5 个单词）【答案】42. F

40、acial expressions are one or more movements on a persons face, which express peoples feelings.43. More than 7, 000.44. Over 93 percent of the communicating is done without speaking in most conversations.45. When feeling surprised, one can raise eyebrows or open eyes.46. Facial Expression【解析】本文是一篇说明文

41、。文章主要介绍了面部表情的相关知识。【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中 uFacial expressions are one or more movements on a persons face, such as frowning, raising ones eyebrows（眉毛）,and nose and lip（嘴唇）movements. They express peoples feelings.（面 部表情是一个人面部的一个或多个动作，如皱眉、扬起眉毛、鼻子和嘴唇的动作。它们表达人们的感情。）” 可知，面部表情是一个人面部的一个或多个动作，可以表达人们的感情。故答案为Fac

42、ial expressions are one or more movements on a persons face, which express peoples feelings. o【43题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中“These muscles can create more than 7, 000 facial expressions.（这些肌肉可以 产生7000多种面部表情可知，我们的面部肌肉能做出超过7000种面部表情。故答案为More than 7,000。【44题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段中 “One study at UCLA, in the US, showed

43、that in most conversations, over 93 percent of the communicating is done without speaking.（美国力口州大学洛杉矶分校的一项研究表明，在大多数 对话中，超过93%的交流是在不说话的情况下进行的。）”可知，在大多数对话中，超过93%的交流是在 不用说话的情况下完成的，所以面部表情很重要。故答案为Over 93 percent of the communicating is done without speaking in most conversations o【45题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中uR

44、aised eyebrows and open eyes show surprise.（扬起眉毛和瞪大眼睛表示 惊讶。）”可知，当一个人感到惊讶时，他可能会扬起眉毛或瞪大眼睛。故答案为When feeling surprised, one can raise eyebrows or open eyeso【46题详解】考查主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In both cases, the person is telling us something not with words, but with facial expressions.（在这两种情况下，这个人都不是用语言，而是用面部表情告诉我们一些

45、事情。）”以及下文对 面部表情的描述和介绍，可知，这篇文章主要讲了关于面部表情的相关知识。故答案为Facial Expression。四、选词填空（共6小题，每题1分，共6分）句意，选择所给词或词组的适当形式填空，请将正确形式完整的写在相应题号后的横线上。选词填空convenient, graduate from, keep up with, benefit, decorate, laptop47. Joe is always sitting in front of his to play computer games.48. Last year, Zhang Tianuniversity a

46、nd wanted to be a volunteer teacher in a small village.49. Long-distance running has a lot of.50. The other team just couldnt Pauls energy and speed during the basketball match.51. In China, it is so to shop for various things online.52. Jenny*s parents like Chinese culture, so they have bought some

47、 Chinese knots（中 国结）to theirnew house.【答案】47. laptopgraduated from48. benefitkeep up with49. convenientdecorate【解析】本题考查词汇和短语的语境语法应用能力。【47题详解】考查名词。句意：乔总是坐在他的笔记本电脑前玩电脑游戏。根据空前“his”为形容词性物主代词可知， 所选词应是名词，结合空后uto play computer games v可知，应是用电脑打游戏。“laptop”，名词，意为“笔记本电脑”，符合句意。故填laptop。【48题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：去年，张田

48、从大学毕业，想去一个小村庄支教。分析可知，所选词应是动词 或动词短语在句中作谓语，时态为一般过去时，结合后文“wanted to be a volunteer teacher”可知，应是大 学毕业后想要成为志愿者教师。graduate from, “毕业于”，符合语境。故填graduated from。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：长跑有很多好处。根据空前“alotof”可知，所填空应是名词。结合句意Long-distance running可知，句意应是表达“长跑有很多好处”。“benefit”，不可数名词，意为“益处”，符合句意。 故填 benefito【50题详解】考查动词短语。句意：在篮球赛中，另一个队就是跟不上保罗的精力和速度。空前“couldnt”为情态动词, 所选词应是动词或动词短语，用原形。结合后文PauPs energy and speed during the basketball match v可知， 应是表达在篮球比赛中跟不上球员的精力和速度。keep up with”，“赶得上”，符合句意。故填keep up witho【51题详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国，在网上买各种东西是很方便的。空前“is”为系动词，所选词应是形容词作 表语。结