2023届山东省高考考向核心卷 英语试题 附答案.docx

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1、2023届高考英语考向核心卷新高考注意事项：1 .答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答 题卡的指定位置。2 .选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试 卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3 .非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和 答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4 .保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.

2、5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThree Exercises to Make Breathing EasierIf you lack lung power and feel a little exhausted even after a short jogging, the following exercises can be of great help.Use Your Diaphragm（横膈膜）Your diaphragm is the muscle that controls breathing, and because it is lo

3、cated right above your stomach, you can strengthen them together. Lie on your back with your knees bent, keeping one hand on your stomach and the other on your chest. Breathe in deeply, slowly pulling the air into your lungs. Breathe out through your mouth. Try to wait seven seconds before taking in

4、 air again.Imagine You Are Rowing a BoatThis exercise strengthens the upper back muscles and opens your chest cavity（腔）allowing for full lung ability. Sit on the floor with your legs in front of you and knees slightly bent. Put a resistance band around the bottoms of your feet and hold it in front o

5、f you in an X shape. Holding an end in each hand, spread your arms, then pull backward until your hands meet your chest. Repeat at least six times three days a week.learn to be totally indifferent; perhaps the silent treatment would get more approval. I was wrong. We soon fell into a sad pattern. I

6、avoided her, and she ignored me. Deep inside, it hurt. So that was how it was between us. She was only a sister in name. I truly believed that we would forever be apart, two housemates without conversation, two strangers without warmth.I still remember the day I learned to ride a bike. I had receive

7、d the bike that Christmas, which was great, until I realized that I had no idea how to ride it. My mom had long abandoned any attempt to teach me. I had proven to be a frustrating student. I took it upon myself to learn, a little bit each day. It was no different. I was coming to the end of my daily

8、 one-hour torture（折磨）.I was so frustrated that I threw my bike aside and began to cry. 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。I guess that was what caused my sister to come outside.HI made it J I exclaimed with delight.2023届高考英语考向核心卷参考答案第一部分阅读理解第一节A1 .答案：B解析：根据题干中的strengthening your di叩hragm可定位至文章第一部分

9、，根据此部分最后一句 Try to wait seven seconds before taking in air again.可知，人们在完成一次吸气和呼气之后，尝试 等待七秒，然后再次吸入空气。由此可知，你在锻炼横膈膜的时候，需要在再次吸气之前屏住 呼吸。故选B。2 .答案：C解析：根据 Walk for 20 Minutes 部分中的倒数第二句 Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake.可知，人们通过结合步行和深呼吸的方式可以增加自己的空气吸入量。 故选C。3 .答案：D解析：结合文章最后一段中的 No

10、 matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up!可知，无论哪一种练习方式都 需要长时间的不断练习才能看到效果。故选D。B4 .答案：D解析：根据文章第二段第二句中的but I heard a voice in my head telling me to go back可知，作者 听见脑海中有声音呼唤自己回到健身房，所以作者选择回去继续训练，由此可知，作者回到健 身房的原

11、因是作者内心的力量呼唤她回去。故选D。5 .答案：B解析：根据第二段中的 I was amazed that I won.I just came in after two months practice and defeated them all.可知，作者只练习了两个月就参加比赛，并打败了所有更有经验的选手，作者 对此感到惊讶。由此可推知，在比赛中获得胜利是作者预料之外的事。故选B。6 .答案：D解析：根据第三段中的 I improved so quickly because I was consistent.! didnt miss a day.可知，作者始终如一地投入到举重练习中，由此可

12、推知，作者是一位坚持不懈且做事全心全意的人。故选Do.答案：D解析：根据文章最后一段可知，作者呼吁自己的同龄人也勇敢去尝试，只要始终如一，从小事 开始，就会成功。由此可知，本文主要讲了做事要始终如一。故选D。C7 .答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Taking inspiration from other technology adapted for recognizing primates and bears, Krista Ingram, a biologist at Colgate University, developed SealNet, the software that

13、 uses deep learning and a convolutional neural network to tell one seal face from another.可知，科尔盖特大学的生物学家克里斯塔英格拉姆利用其他适合识别灵长目动物和熊 的技术，开发了 SealNet,这是一款使用深度学习和卷积神经网络来区分海豹面部的软件。故选 Ao8 .答案:B解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的accuracy可定位至文章第三段的最后一句。根据As the number of seals logged in the database goes up, so does the accuracy

14、of the identification, Ingram says.可知， 随着数据库中上传的海豹数量增加，识别的准确性也会增加。故选B。9 .答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的 The software saw seal faces in other body parts, vegetation, and even rocks.可知，该软件在身体的其他部位、植被、岩石上都识别到了海豹的脸。由此可知，这 个软件识别海豹并不总是可靠的。由此可推测，画线词infallible与reliable”可靠的”意思相近。 故选D。10 .答案：B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句 Incre

15、asing scientists understanding of how seals move around could strengthen arguments for protecting specific areas, says Anders Galatius, an ecologist at Aarhus University in Denmark who was not involved in the project.可知，丹麦奥胡斯大学的生态学 家安德斯加拉修斯说，SealNet增进科学家对海豹如何移动的理解，可以为加大保护特定区域 提供依据，从而起到保护海豹的作用。故选B。11

16、 .答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 A new research paper published in the journal eLife reveals how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions, oj矢口， 蚂蚁是通过改变 行为来适应不断变化的路面状况来保持交通流畅的。故选A。12 .答案:C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段 When density on the trail increased, ants seemed to be able to assess

17、 crowding locally and adjusted their speed accordingly to avoid any interruption of traffic flow.可知， 当路面变得拥挤时，蚂蚁通过调整速度来避免交通中断。故选C。13 .答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段 Traffic jams are everywhere in human society where individuals are pursuing their own personal objectives, the authors write. In contrast, ants sh

18、are a common goal; the survival of the colony, thus they are expected to act cooperatively to optimize（优化）food return. 可知，作者希望人类向蚂蚁学习，把人类社会整体利益作为一个共同的目标。故选D。14 .答案：D解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 There are many fascinating aspects of ant life, but none may be a more practical lesson for us than their gift for avo

19、iding traffic jams 以及最后一段 Traffic jams are everywhere in human society where individuals are pursuing their own personal objectives, the authors write. nIn contrast, ants share a common goal; the survival of the colony, thus they are expected to act cooperatively to optimize（优化）food return. pJ知，蚂蚁拥有

20、避免交通堵塞的天赋值 得人类学习和思索，蚂蚁有一个共同的目标：群体的生存。D. Ants Teach Us How to Avoid Traffic Jams.符合本文内容大意，适合本文标题。故选D。第二节答案：16-20 EDCBF解析：16.上文提到有些人天生就掌握了好的情商技巧，下文说每个人都可以提高情商并介绍了 具体方法。E项”与此同时，很多人需要努力提高情商”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。17 .结合本段首句和空前的Noticing emotions helps you manage them”可知，空前主要介绍了意识 到自己的情绪的重要性。D项”在你有情绪时练习辨别它们”承接上文，空

21、后的Labeling them in your mind介绍了具体的做法，是对D项的进一步阐述。故选D。18 .根据下文的“But”可知，空处内容与下文构成转折，下文提高管理你的情绪反应意味着知道何时、何地以及如何表达情绪。C项“通常表达自己的感受是很重要的”符合语境。故选C。19 .空处考查段落主旨句。根据下文的People are naturally designed to try to perceive others. what emotions a person is likely to be feeling可知，本段主要讲述要理解他人的感受并知道他们为什么 会有这样的感受。B项“理解

22、他人的感受及产生这一感受的原因”能概括本段大意。故选B。20 .空前提到能够想象一个人可能有什么情绪是一项重要的能力，空后提到有了它你也将会知道 在某个情绪激动的人身边应该怎么做及怎么说。F项“它有助于你关心他人并建立良好的关系” 是对空前提到的这项能力的重要性的解释，It指代上文的an important ability%故选F。第二部分语言知识运用第一P21 .答案：C解析：根据下文的getting it blankets and water and calling professional rescuers可知，人们纷纷伸 出援手，取来毯子、水，并叫来了专业的救援人员。此处表示海滩上的人

23、聚集起来帮助生病的 海豹。故选C。22 .答案:D解析：文章首句提到While running on the beach in San Diego, 11-year-old Kenan Pala noticed a sick seal（海豹），此处应指Kenan Pala在跑步锻炼完回家的路上。故选D。23 .答案：A解析：结合a sick seal（海豹）lying on the sand和a sick homeless person who was crying for可知， Pala在路上遇见的那个无家可归者和海豹的处境相似。此处指一个生病的无家可归者也急需帮 助。故选A。24 .答案：

24、D解析：根据上文的But people just walked by可知，人们路过却无动于衷。此处表示人们像是将 那个无家可归者视为隐形的人一样。故选D。25 .答案：B解析：在相似的情况下人们截然不同的反应震撼了 Pala。response反应，响应。故选B。26 .答案：A解析：根据下文的discovered it was severe.homelessness rates可知，Pala对圣地亚哥的无家可 归问题有了一些发现和认识。此处表示Pala开始调查研究圣地亚哥的无家可归问题。故选A。27 .答案：C解析：美国的一项报告表明，圣地亚哥的无家可归率排第四。in terms。俨谈及，就而

25、言， 在方面。故选C。28 .答案:B解析：结合上文提到的人们对无家可归者的无动于衷以及圣地亚哥无家可归问题的严重性可知, Pala开始思考如何提高人们对无家可归问题的认识。aware”知道，意识到，明白。故选B。29 .答案：D解析：上文提到Pala思考如何提高人们对无家可归问题的认识，再结合下文可知， Kids4Community是一家帮助无家可归者的非营利组织。此处表示解决办法是Kids4community, 对应上文的问题。故选D。30 .答案:C解析：结合语境和最后一段的involve more kids in charity可知，Kids4Community会开展一些专 门让孩子们

26、加入的慈善项目。hopefully”有希望地，可以指望。故选C。31 .答案：C解析：在两年多的时间里，Kids4community见证了一系列帮助无家可归者方案的实施。witness 见证”。故选C。32 .答案：B解析：下文提至 Ihe makes sure of setting aside time to keep running,即 Pala 会抽出时间跑步，结 合常识和下文可知，此处表示Pala忙于管理Kids4community。occupy使忙于（做某事），忙 着（做某事）%故选B。33 .答案:A解析：上文提到虽然Pala忙于管理Kids4community,他仍然坚持抽出时间

27、跑步；下文提到 Kids4community组织了一场5公里赛跑以帮助一个房屋建造项目，筹集了 10000美元。此处表 示Pala把两者兼顾得很好。combine”同时做（两件或以上的事），兼做，兼办”。故选A。34 .答案：D解析：下文提到Pala正致力于举办一场10公里赛跑，并帮助整个州的无家可归者以及让更多 孩子参与到慈善事业中来。此处表示Pala对自己的目标很明确。goal”目标”。故选D。35 .答案：B解析：上文提至homelessness in the cityKids4Community, a local nonprofit,表明Kids4Community是一个圣地亚哥这个城

28、市的当地组织，结合下文的help the homeless across thewhole state and involve more kids in charity”可知，Pala 想要扩大 Kids4Community 的规模来帮助 整个州的无家可归者，并让更多孩子参与到慈善事业中来。expand”扩展，发展(业务)故 选Bo第一下答案：36.made 37.relatively 38.themselves 39.sixth 40. allowing 41.on 42.than 43.variety 44.which 45.opened解析：36.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些展品，多为中国

29、古董，由木质和石质制成，不易损坏 ，同时保护和修复也相对方便。本句的谓语动词为damage,故设空处为非谓语动词，make与 逻辑主语The pieces之间为动宾关系，应用动词过去分词形式。故填made。37 .考查副词。句意：这些展品，多为中国古董，由木质和石质制成，不易损坏，同时保护和 修复也相对方便。空处修饰形容词convenient,应用副词。relative的副词为relatively。故填relatively。38 .考查反身代词。句意：参观者可以通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感官，沉浸于这 里的艺术与氛围之中，同时博物馆也激发参观者的幸福感这个第六感，使他们能充分欣赏和享

30、受展出的中国民间艺术之美。设空处在bury后作宾语，且指代主语Visitors,因此应用其反身代 词themselves。动词短语bury oneselfin为固定搭配，意为专心致志于沉浸o故填themselves。39 .考查序数词。句意：参观者可以通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感官，沉浸于这里 的艺术与氛围之中，同时博物馆也激发参观者的幸福感这个第六感，使他们能充分欣赏和享受 展出的中国民间艺术之美。第二段的第一句提到了The Six in Six Arts refers to the six senses., 前句bury(they) in the art and atmospher

31、e here through their senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste andtouch提到了五种感官，此处指第六种感官，应用序数词。six的序数词为sixth。故填sixth。40 .考查非谓语动词。句意：参观者可以通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感官，沉浸于 这里的艺术与氛围之中，同时博物馆也激发参观者的幸福感这个第六感，使他们能充分欣赏和 享受展出的中国民间艺术之美。本句谓语动词为stimulates, allow与逻辑主语the museum之间为主谓关系，应用动词allow的现在分词形式作状语。故填allowing。41 .考查介词

32、。句意：参观者可以通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感官，沉浸于这里的 艺术与氛围之中，同时博物馆也激发参观者的幸福感这个第六感，使他们能充分欣赏和享受展 出的中国民间艺术之美。此处涉及介词短语on display,意为“展出”，固定搭配。故填on。42 .考查连词。句意：博物馆的创始人杜德克在中国生活了40年，比他在美国长大的时间还长 。根据空前的more可知，空处表示比较意义，应用连词than。故填than。43 .考查名词。句意:从那时起，他开始收集明清时期(1368-1912)的各种民间艺术和古董，以 唤起人们对过去的记忆。空处应用various的名词形式，various的名词形式为v

33、ariety,此处考查 a (wide) variety of,意为”多种多样的故填variety。44 .考查定语从句。句意：从那时起，他开始收集明清时期(1368-1912)的各种民间艺术和古董 ，以唤起人们对过去的记忆。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为folk arts and antiques,先行词为物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。45 .考查时态。句意：六悦博物馆拥有4万多件藏品，于2018年年中正式向公众开放。此处由 时间状语in mid-2018可知，应用一般过去时态，open意为开放”，为不及物动词，应用主动 形式。故填opened。第三部分写作

34、第一节 答案：Healthy Sleep, Effective LearningAs is often the case, a good sleep can fill us with energy for the coming day, allowing us to do our studies in an effective way. Meanwhile, staying up too late is bad for our health. If we sleep too late, well feel tired the next day and cant concentrate bett

35、er.To have a good sleep habit, at first, we should keep a good sleep pattern and follow it strictly. Second, its highly recommended that we go to sleep before 10 p.m. If we have had trouble falling asleep for a long time, we should consult a doctor. 第二节 答案：I guess that was what caused my sister to c

36、ome outside. At first, I was skeptical and tense, as I assumed that she would begin to tease me or at least burst out laughing. However, she did neither. I hunched my shoulders forward and turned my face away, tears trickling down my cheeks. She gently picked my bike up, uttering in a reassuring ton

37、e, I can teach you how to ride. Dumbstruck, I raised my head and stared at her in stunned silence. Next hours saw my sister steadily hold my bike when my feel faltered. She never once let me fall, patiently teaching me how to ride a bike.HI made it, I exclaimed with delight. A ripple of happiness bu

38、bbled up in my heart. I turned around, beaming a warm smile at my sister. She gave me an approving nod, eyes gleaming with amusement. That was the day I had a taste of what real sisterly intimacy could be like. For three hours, three wonderful, blissful hours, we learned to ride a bike, which was th

39、e perfect harmony I had longed for. We still occasionally have our random spats and bitter rivalries, but since that day, it has been easier to get along because I know my sister will be there for me when I need her.Walk for 20 MinutesWalking doesn!t just get your heart pumping or work your leg musc

40、lesit also builds up the area around your lungs to help them function better. To get the most out of your walk, stand straight, with your head up and your shoulders back, and keep a heel-to-toe pace, allowing your lungs to fully expand. Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake

41、. Work up to walking three or four days a week.No matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up!1 .What should you obey if you are strengthening your diaphragm?A.You should lie on your stomach with your knees

42、bent.B.You should hold your breath before breathing in again.C.You should do it seven times a week to get a best result.D.You should do it by breathing in merely with your mouth.2 .How can you take in more air?A.By keeping on rowing a boat regularly.B.By opening your chest cavity more often.C.By int

43、egrating walking with deep breathing.D.By allowing your lungs to expand to the fullest.3 .What do the three exercises have in common?A.They all need some extra assistance.B.They all involve using your both feet.C.They all require you to stand straight.D.They all call for constantly practicing.BI sta

44、rted powerlifting when I was 65.1 worked in real estate in Michigan for about 35 years, and when I retired I decided to lose a bit of weight. A friencfs husband, Art Little, who is a personal trainer, invited me to his gym. He introduced me to powerlifting and he is still my trainer now.The first ti

45、me I went, he gave me a broomstick to lift. The next day I told myself I wouldnt return, but I heard a voice in my head telling me to go back. So, I ended up returning day after day. After a few weeks, my trainer encouraged me to go to a tournament to watch others compete. I was really amazed, but t

46、here was no one of my age. I asked my trainer if he thought I could do it, and he said, Oh, sure. The first time I competed was at a state meet. I was amazed that I won, because the others had been doing it far longer. I just came in after two months* practice and defeated them all. After that, I kn

47、ew powerlifting was for me.My trainer had me going to the gym three times a week. I improved so quickly because I was consistent. If I was supposed to be there on Monday, I would be there, regardless of whether it was a holiday, or rainy or snowy day. I didnt miss a day-and thats how Im up to the we

48、ight Im lifting now, although the gains happened slowly. Each year, I was getting better.Im 79 now and I tell people of my age that they can do this, too; they just have to be consistent and start with something small.4 .Why did the author go back to the gym?A.She felt ashamed of her behavior.B.The trainer persuaded her to go back.C.The broomstick was easy for her to lift.D.The inner power from her heart made her to go on.5 .What was beyond the authors expectations?A.She could go to the gym and practice.B.She had a win in the competition.C.She gained confidence from the trainer.D