高考英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳12讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳12marry 与 divorce 的同与异非常有趣，marry与divorce意思相反，但两者在用法上有很多 相似之处。1.相似之处：（1）两者均可用作不及物动词，但在口语或非正式文体中，若 不跟宾语，通常用 be get divorced 和 be get married 这 样的结构来代替其不及物用法。如：So you are going to get married this time.原来这次你要结婚了。They got married in 1986, and got divorced two years later.他们1986年结的婚，两年以后

2、便离婚了。其不及物用法主要用于较正式的文体中。如：She did not intend to marry at all. 她根本不想结婚。After three very unhappy years they divorced. 他们很不 愉快地过了 3年，终于离婚了。（2）要表示“与某人结婚或离婚”,英语应说marry sb或divorce sb,而不能按汉语意思说成marry with sb或divorce with sb。如:Sue did not marry the man she loved. 苏没有和她所爱的男 人结婚。He divorced her, and a good thi

3、ng too. 他和她离了 婚，这 也是一件好事。（3）两者的过去分词（转化为形容词）后均可接介词to表示对 象（注意不能用with） o如：She s married to an Italian actor. 她和一位意大利演员 结了婚。I ve never known her (to) be late before. 我以前从不 知道她迟到过。在被动语态中，不定式必须带too如：He was known to have a quick temper as a boy. 人们都知 道他在孩提时代脾气暴躁。4. 比较：be known as, be known for 与 be known t

4、o：(1) be known as 意为”作为出名“。如：She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她作为一 个杰出的舞蹈家非常有名。(2) be known for意为”因为出名“。如：He is known for his poems. 他以他的诗出名。(3) be known to 意为为所知。如：He is known to everyone.大家都熟悉他。forget 与 forget about 有何区别一、基本区别1 . forget通常指忘记具体的东西(如名字、号码、地址等)， forget about后者通常指忘记一件事情(如开会、

5、学习、吃饭、锁 门等)。比较：I forget her name.我把她的名字给忘了。Dont forget about your study. 别忘了 学习。They were so busy that they even forgot about their own meals.他们忙得连饭都忘记吃。有时两者可换用，尤其是表示“不要把放在心上”时。如：He forgot (about) her birthday, 他把她的生日忘了。Let s forget (about) our differences. 咱们不要把彼此的 分歧放在心上。2 .表示“忘记做某事”，除可用forget to

6、do sth外，有时 也可用 forget about doing stho 如：She had forgotten all about posting the letter. 她把寄 信的事忘得一干二净。另外，一般现在时的forget后可直接跟动名词表示忘记做过某 事，但一般过去时的forgot后接动名词时，则通常会先接介词about (有时也有不用about的)。如：I forgot about doing it. 我忘记已做此事了。二、forget (about) it在口语中的用法口语中说forget (about) it有以下用法： 用于回答感谢，意为“不客气”。如：A： Thank

7、 you very much for your help. 多谢你的帮助。B： Forget about it. 不用谢。 用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。如：A： Im sorry for what I said.我为我所说的话道歉。B： Forget it! I dont remember anyway. 没关系，反正我也 没有记住。 用于表示否定或拒绝，意为“不行”。如：A： I 11 take the small truck.我要开那辆小卡车。B： And leave me to drive the other one? Forget it. 啊, 让我开另外那辆？不行不行。用于表示不想

8、提及某情况或指某情况无关紧要等。如：A： How much do I owe you? 我欠你多少钱？B： Forget it! 算 了吧!It s said that she is divorced to her husband. 据说她 与她丈夫离婚了。比较：He is married with three children. 他已婚，有 3 个小孩。He is divorced, with a young son. 他离婚了，有一个年幼 的儿子。(4)当了解一个人的婚姻的状况时，通常用be married (divorced), 注意其中的 married 和 divorced 是形容词

9、 而不是过去分词。如：她结婚(离婚)没有？正：Is she married (divorced)?误：Did she marry (divorce) ? / Has she married (divorced) ?(5) marry (divorce) 和 get married (divorced) 均 为非延续性动词，通常不与一段时间连用；若要表示某人结婚(离婚) 有多久,可用 be married (divorced) o 如：误：They ve (got) married for 20 years.正：They ve been married for 20 years. 他们结婚 20

10、 年了。2 .不同点：(1)用作不及物动词时，marry的主语可以是单数或复数；而 divorce的主语通常应是复数，不能是单数，如可说：Ten years later they divorced. 但一般不说:Ten years later he divorced. 可 改为：Ten years later he got divorced.(2)要具体表明与某人结婚或离婚，be get married后通 常只接介词to引出结婚的对象，而be get divorced后除可接 介词to外，还通常可接介词from。如：He was married to a nurse. 他与 名护士结婚了。H

11、e was divorced to from his wife. 他与他的妻子离婚To3 .补充说明：(1) divorce可直接用作名词，表示“离婚”，根据意义的具 体与抽象可用作可数或不可数名词。如：Divorce breaks up a lot of families. 离婚拆散了 许多家庭。I won t give her a divorce.我不会和她离婚。He s getting married again, after two divorces, so he obviously hasn t profited by his experiences. 他两次离婚之 后又结婚，显然没

12、有吸取以往的教训。(2) marry不能直接用作名词，其相应的派生名词是marriage, 其用法参见marriage词条。marry 与 divorce 的同与异非常有趣，marry与divorce意思相反，但两者在用法上有很多 相似之处。1.相似之处：(1)两者均可用作不及物动词，但在口语或非正式文体中，若 不跟宾语，通常用 be get divorced 和 be get married 这 样的结构来代替其不及物用法。如：So you are going to get married this time,原来这次你要结婚了。They got married in 1986, and g

13、ot divorced two years later.他们1986年结的婚，两年以后便离婚了。其不及物用法主要用于较正式的文体中。如：She did not intend to marry at all. 她根本不想结婚。After three very unhappy years they divorced, 他们很不 愉快地过了 3年，终于离婚了。(2)要表示“与某人结婚或离婚”,英语应说marry sb或divorce sb,而不能按汉语意思说成marry with sb或divorce with sbo如：Sue did not marry the man she loved. 苏没

14、有和她所爱的男 人结婚。He divorced her, and a good thing too. 他和她离了 婚，这 也是一件好事。(3)两者的过去分词(转化为形容词)后均可接介词to表示对 象(注意不能用with) o如：She s married to an Italian actor. 她和一位意大利演员 结了婚。It s said that she is divorced to her husband. 据说她 与她丈夫离婚了。比较：He is married with three children. 他已婚，有 3 个小孩。He is divorced, with a young

15、 son. 他离婚了，有一个年幼 的儿子。(4)当了解一个人的婚姻的状况时，通常用be married (divorced), 注意其中的 married 和 divorced 是形容词 而不是过去分词。如：她结婚(离婚)没有？正：Is she married (divorced) ?误：Did she marry (divorce)? / Has she married (divorced)?(5) marry (divorce) 和 get. married (divorced) 均 为非延续性动词，通常不与一段时间连用；若要表示某人结婚(离婚) 有多久，可用 be married (di

16、vorced) o 如：误：They ve (got) married for 20 years.正：They ve been married for 20 years. 他们结婚 20 年了。2 .不同点：(1)用作不及物动词时，marry的主语可以是单数或复数；而 divorce的主语通常应是复数，不能是单数，如可说：Ten years later they divorced. 但一般不说：Ten years later he divorced. 可 改为：Ten years later he got divorced.(2)要具体表明与某人结婚或离婚，be get married后通 常

17、只接介词to引出结婚的对象，而be get divorced后除可接 介词to外，还通常可接介词from。如：He was married to a nurse.他与 名护士结婚了。He was divorced to from his wife. 他与他的妻子离婚 To.补充说明：(1) divorce可直接用作名词，表示“离婚”，根据意义的具 体与抽象可用作可数或不可数名词。如：Divorce breaks up a lot of families. 离婚拆散了 许多家庭。I won t give her a divorce.我不会和她离婚。He s getting married aga

18、in, after two divorces, so he obviously hasn, t profited by his experiences. 他两次离婚之 后又结婚，显然没有吸取以往的教训。(2) marry不能直接用作名词，其相应的派生名词是marriage, 其用法参见marriage词条。work和.do在口语中的用法请看下面的这道题：一How do you feel after taking the medicine?一Oh, it, I m feeling much better now.A. costsB. losesC. doesD works分析：此题应选D。容易误

19、选C。在口语中，动词do, work有两 个用法值得注意。如：1. work表示“行得通”或“奏效”等。如：The plan worked well. 这个计划很起作用。The drug will not work.这药不会起作用。It worked like a charm. 这产生了 奇效。Your idea won t work in practice. 你的想法实际上行不通。Will these new methods work? 这些新方法会奏效吗？I think your suggestion will work. 我想你的建议会奏效的。The medicine worked an

20、d the pain went away soon. 这药效 很好，疼痛很快就消失了。2. do表示“行”、“适合”、“凑合”。如：Will that do? 那行吗？Any dictionary will do.什么词典都行。This won t do. I 11 take that. 这个不行，我要那个。I m terribly hungry. Get me something to eat, please. Anything will do.我饿极了，请给我弄点吃的东西来，什么都行。一When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再见面？Any time will do

21、. It s all the same to me. 什么时候 都行，我无所谓。belong用法小议.表示“属于“，通常与介词to连用。如:Does this book belong to you? 这本书是你的吗？The house belongs to my grandfather.这房子是我祖父的。belong to可引申指是的成员”。如：What party do you belong to? 你是属于哪个党派的？Do you belong to the tennis club?你是网球俱乐部的吗？ 注意，这样用的belong to没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。 如：误：The hou

22、se is belonging to my grandfather.误：The house is belonged to my grandfather.1 .表示适合在某处或放在某处，其后可根据情况选用不同的介 词（如in, on, under等）或接副词。如：Where does this belong? 它应放在哪儿呢？The book belongs on that shelf. 这本书应放在那个架子上。This chair belongs in the living room. 这把椅子应放在起 居室里。有时与介词 with 连用表示“与在一起“。如：A child belongs w

23、ith its mother. 小孩应与母亲生活在一起。 以上用法中的belong也不用于进行时或被动式。有关动词warn的句型与搭配用作动词，表示“警告” “告诫”，注意以下句型和结构：1 .用于 warn sb （not） to do sth,表示“告诫某人（不） 要做某事“。如：He warned me not to touch it.他警告我不要触碰它。Ann warned me to read the instructions. 提醒我看看说明书。2 .用于 warn sb against doing sth,表示“告诫某人不要 做或提防某事“(常可与 warn sb not to

24、do sth 互换)。如：They warned him against swimming =not to swim in the lake.他们告诫他不要在这湖里游泳。3 .用于“warnsb+that-从句”,表示“警告某人”。如：He warned me (that) f was in danger. 他警告我处境危险。I have warned him that it is not allowed.我警告过他这是不允许的。4 .用于 “warn sb+介词(against, about, of) +名词”。如：He warned her against pickpockets.他让她提

25、防扒手。I warned him about those stairs. 我警告过他要注意(留意) 那些楼梯。注意，warn习惯上能后接双宾语，即不用于warn sb sth结构， 可考虑改用warn sb of sth。如：我们警告过他有危险。误： We warned him the danger.正： We warned him of the danger.5 . warn只用作动词，不用作名词，其相应的名词是 warn i ng o 如：They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。He would go in spite of our warning,

26、尽管我们提出警告他 还是要去。动词know的几条用法与搭配其后一般不直接跟不定式，但在以下情况可接不定式：(1)后接“疑问词(why除外)+不定式”。如：I didn t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。We don, t know when to start. 我们不知道什么时候出发。他会弹钢琴。误：He knows to play the piano.正：He knows how to play the piano.(2)表示知道应该要做某事。如：She knows not to tell anyone about it. 她知道不该告诉 任何人。比较下面两句，注意其中

27、的how的有无和意思的变化：Does he know to come here first? 他知道应该先到这儿来 吗？Does he know how to come here? 他知道如何到这儿来吗？1. 比较 know 与 get come to know：前者意为“认识, 口是持续性动词；后者意为“开始认识”，是终止性动词。如：We? ve known each other for 10 years. 我们俩认识 10 年了。We got to know each other ten years ago. 我们俩是 10O 年前认识的。2. know之后可接不定式的复合结构，主要句型为：(1) know+宾语+to be (to be通常不省略)，这类句型可转换 为that引导的宾语从句。如：I know him to be a fool.二I know (that) he is a fool. 我 知道他是个傻瓜。(2) know+宾语+to do (有时可省略to),在这类句型 中know 一般只限于用过去时或完成时，通常译为“听说过”“见 过”等。如：I have never known her (to) tell lies. 我从未听说她撒 过谎。