2022届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、虹口区2021学年度第二学期学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷考生注意：1 .考试时间120分钟，试卷总分值140分。2 .本考试设试卷和答题纸两局部。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3 .答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。L Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each convers

2、ation9 a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Get t

3、he mans salad. B. Check the order again.C. Find a table for the man. D. Pay fbr the mans bill.2. A. Delighted. B. Respectful. C. Relieved. D. Doubtful.3. A. In a bookstore. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. D. In a market.4. A. Go to the office. B. Repair her car. C. Give the woman a ride. D. Go to

4、school.5. A. Continue to read. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Make some coffee. D. Go out with some friends.6. A. He has taken a course in Russian opera.B. He has learned some Russian words in the opera.C. He enjoys seeing the opera even though it is in Russian.D. He does not understand why stu

5、dents are required to perform an opera in Russian.7. A. The speakers are unhappy with their life.8. The speakers share a similar view on life.9. The woman is just as unlucky as the man.10. The woman is more sensitive than the man.8. A. The woman does not like the movie.35. A. highlightB. outperformC

6、. overthinkD. underestimate29. D 30. A 31.【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. BD 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究：虽然基于正念的干预有它的优点，但心理学研究也 说明，在某些情况下，不动脑也很重要。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在任何一种正念练习中，目标都是在高度集中注意力的情况下进行日常活 动。A. lowered被降低的；B. heightened增强的；被加高的；C.typical典型的;D. vague

7、模糊的。根据下 文 “To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill.（要清楚的是，在学习一项新技能时,注意是很重要的。）”和空格后的“sense of attention（注意力）”可知，高度集中的注意力是重要的，所以此处用heightened表示“增强的、高度集中的”注意力，符合语境。应选B项。【22题详解】 考查形容词、词义辨析。句意：虽然正念有其优点，但心理学研究也说明，在某些情况下，不动脑也很重 要。A. attentive专心的；B. single-minded率直的、真诚的;C.mindle

8、ss不动脑的；盲目的；D. cool-headed 头脑冷静的。根据上文“Although mindfulness has its advantages（虽然正念有它的优势）”可知，两个分句 之间是转折关系，所以此处用mindless与上文的mindfulness形成比照。应选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，当我们开发复杂任务的技能时，我们可以越来越熟练地完成它 们，直到注意力似乎是不必要的。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. unrecognizable难以识别的、不被认可的； C. unusual 非同寻常的；D. unwelcome 不受欢迎的。根据下文

9、u Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers to brushing your teeth.（从骑自行车到切黄瓜再到刷牙，这些都是日常生活中的例 子。）”可知，这些日常生活中的例子可以熟练地完成，所以此处用unnecessary表示注意力似乎是“不必 要的”符合语境，应选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些过程在没有意识的情况下进行。A. preparation准备；B.decision决定；C.awareness 意识； D. reaction 回应。 根据下文Forming this sta

10、te of “automaticity“ are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them.（形成这种“自动性”状态的是可以在不注意它们的情况下执行 的心理过程。）”可知，此处用awareness与前面的without conscious连用表示在“没有意识的”情况下进行，符合语境。应选C项。【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能自动地完成所有的任务，但许多任务一旦练习得很好，就可以用这种 方式完成。A. assigned分配；B.shared提供;C.fulfilled实现、履行；D

11、. practised练习。根据上文“We don,t perform all tasks automatically（我们不会自动执行所有任务）”可知，不会自动执行任务，所以此处用 practised表示任务需要“被练习”符合语境，应选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但研究也说明，过度关注自己正在做的事情会产生破坏性影响，尤其是当你 熟练运用技能时。A. apparent明显的、外表的；B. moderate普通的、中等的；C.positive积极的；D. damaging破坏性的。根据上文“But research has also revealed that （但研究也说明

12、）”可知，此处表转折关 系，所以用damaging表示“破坏性的”影响，有转折的含义，与上文构成转折关系。应选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这就是为什么一些专家似乎“在压力下窒息”的原因之一：他们对手 头任务的机制想得太多了 o A. attack袭击、攻击；B. development开展；C. pressure压力；D. observation观 察。根据下文“They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand.（但研究也揭示，他们对手头任务 的机制想得太多）”可知，他们是有压力的，所以此处用pres

13、sure来表示在“压力下”窒息的原因，符合语 境。应选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个方案中，高尔夫球手被简单地指示注意挥杆，并在挥杆结束后说“停 止”。A. commanded 命令；B. instructed 指示、指导；C. recommended 推荐；D. challenged 挑战。根据下 文“pay attention to the swing of their club （注意球杆的摆动）”可知，此处应该是指导球杆摆动，所以用 instructed表示“指示、指导”符合语境。应选B项。【29题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在另一种情况下，他们被指示在忽略其

14、他噪音的情况下倾听目标声音，并在 听到目标声音时说出“音调”。A. making制作;B.reducing降低;C.noticing注意；D.ignoring忽略。根 据上文 “they were directed to listen for a target sound（他们被指示去听目标声音）”和下文 say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound.”可知，此处用应该是指忽略噪音的情况下去听目标声音，所以用 ignoring表示“忽略”噪音，符合语境。应选D项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，熟练的高尔夫球手在专

15、注于挥杆时的表现要比关注无关声音时 差得多。A. Surprisingly 令人惊讶地；B. Instantly 立亥|； C. Unfortunately 不幸地；D. Inevitably 不可防止 地。 根据下文 “the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds.（熟练的高尔夫球手在专注于挥杆时的表现要比关注无关声音时差得 多。）”可知，这是令人惊讶地，所以用Surpris

16、ingly表示“令人惊讶地”作状语修饰整个句子，符合语 境。应选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：注意挥杆的效果是如此有害，以至于当他们在实验开始前热身时一，高尔夫球手 实际上做得更好。A. assessment评估；B.process过程；C.investigation调查；D. experiment实验。根据上 文“when they were warming up（当他们在热身的时候广可知，应该是在试验前热身，所以用experiment表示“实验”符合语境，应选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：过分关注练习良好运动序列的表现可能会导致错误，这是这项研究的重要信 息。A

17、. performance 表现、表演；B. consequence 结果、后果；C. influence 影响；D. automation 自动化。根 据上文的 “the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds/?可推断，此处用performance表示运动序列的“表现”符合语境，表示 过分关注运动序列的表现。应选A项。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，我们不应该放任

18、自己的生活，错过与自己、他人和我们的环境建立更深 层次联系的机会。A. In contrast 与此相反；B. Of course 当然;C. On the other hand 一方面；D. By the way 顺便说下。 根据下文 “we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment.（我们不应该放任自 己的生活，错过与 自 己、他人和我们的

19、环境建立更深层次联系的机会。）”并结合常识可知，此处用Of course表示“当然”符 合语境。应选B项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但有些情况下，我们应该让自动性接管。A. take over接管；B.follow on继续 下去；C hold up举起、阻挡；D.getaway离开。分析第13题可知，我们不应该放任自己的生活，不能听 天由命地过着自动驾驶的生活。再根据空格前“But there are situations（但是有些情况下）”可知，此处表转 折关系，但是有时候是需要自动性来接管我们生活的，所以用take over表示让自动性“接管”符合语境。 应选A项。【35题详

20、解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次当你骑自行车或参加一项运动时，不要想太多。A. highlight突出、强调； B. outperform胜过；C. overthink想太多；D. underestimate低估。根据14题以及上文内容可知，有些情况 下，我们应该让自动性接管，所以此处用。verthink与前面的don,t搭配表示“不要想太多”符合语境。故 选C项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished

21、statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Whether its doing the washing up or filing a tax return, unfortunately, in life there are a range of dull but important task

22、s that we just have to get done. And in these modern times making sure that your most important files are backed up (备份)can be added to this list. Hard disks fail, phones fall out of our pockets, and tablets are beaten up by grandchildren. This is why it is important to think carefully about your ba

23、ck-up strategy. You dont want to lose a lifetime of family photos just because your laptop had an unfortunate encounter with a glass of water.Unfortunately, there isnt a single gadget or app that can take care of backing up fbr you. But what I recommend is that you should aim to have two different s

24、orts of back-up: one online, and one offline.Having both is a good idea though it may sound extra redundant. You dont want to entirely rely on the Cloud, just in case you lose access to your account, or if the provider closes down. And you dont want to rely exclusively on offline storage, say, on a

25、plug-in hard disk stored at the back of a cupboard, because if disaster strikes then your back-up will burn down alongside your computer and the rest of your belongings.Online back-ups are arguably the easier of the two to sort out. All of the big tech players have online storage you can treat like

26、your own hard disk. All you have to do is download the app for whichever service you want to use to your computer or phone.Offline storage is slightly trickier. Figuring out what equipment to buy is something you need to figure out for yourself. The most obvious option is to buy a portable USB hard

27、drive. Just plug it into your computer and you can copy important files to it. This is definitely a better approach than doing absolutely nothing.So as annoying as it might sound, this is important. Just as you wouldn9t leave your home with a risky boileror drive a car with faulty brakes. Ifs time t

28、o do the boring but important thing and spend the money to get your data backed up - before it is too late.36. In paragraph 1, the author mentions filing a tax return to illustrate that.A. data back-up is even more challenging than tax filingDigital data storage should be considered daily routineB.

29、keeping family photos in hard disk is part of household jobsbacking up important files is a troublesome yet essential task37. The underlined word redundant” in paragraph 3 most probably means.A. unnecessaryB. demandingC. meaningfulD. uselessWhich statement is the author most likely to agree with?A.

30、It is advisable to keep two copies of data online.B. There is no once-and-for-all data back-up strategy.C. Storing data online is not as trustworthy as storing offline.D. Online data storage runs a risk of a breakdown in digital devices.38. Which of the following might be the best title of the passa

31、ge?A. Better Late Than NeverB. Store Your Data in the CloudC. Why Data Back-up Is So Vital?D. Online Back-up vs. Offline Back-up【答案】36.D37. A 38. B 39. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，短文介绍了数据备份的重要性，并提出了线上与离线两种备份策略。【36题详解】推理判断题。第一段的第一句 u Whether its doing the washing up or filing a tax return, unfortunately, in li

32、fe there are a range of dull but important tasks that we just have to get done.（不管是洗碗还是报税，不幸的是， 生活中我们总有一堆无聊但重要的任务不得不去做。）指出报税属于枯燥而重要的任务；该段第二句“And in these modern times making sure that your most important files are backed up （备份）can be added to this list. ”（当今时代，确保备份最重要的文件可以加入这份清单里。）的“this list”指代的是第

33、一句提到的“dull but important tasks，说明第一段提及报税是为了举例说明备份重要文件是一件像报税那样烦人却又重要 的事情。应选D项。【37题详解】词义猜想题。A. unnecessary不必要的；B.demanding要求高的；C.meaningful有意义的；D. useless无用 的。首先，划线单词所在句的“though”说明“good”和划线单词前后语义相对，说明划线单词是个贬义 词。该句是第三段的中心句，第三段分别探讨了只有线上备份和只有离线备份的数据丧失风险情况，由此 推知，中心句讲的是线上、离线双备份这种方式看似冗余、不必要，但其实缺少了其中一种，数据丧失的

34、 风险都会加大，所以划线单词与A项语义接近。应选A项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “Un 第 rtunately, there isnt a single gadget or app that can take care of backing up for you.（不幸的是，单独的一类工具或应用都是不能给你备份到位的。）可以推知，作者会比拟认可B 项“没有一劳永逸的数据备份策略”。应选B项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出备份重要数据的重要性；第二、三段提出采取线上、离线双备份策略及理 由；第四、五段分别说明线上备份策略和离线备份策略的具体做法；最后一段总结全文，再次强调

35、数据备 份的重要性。所以文章主要谈论的是数据备份的重要性及其策略，因此，C项“为什么数据备份如此重 要？ ”最适合作为本文标题。应选C项。(B)Mars, the distant red planet, carries Chinas great dream in spaceflight as well as the numerous puzzles of curious people: Why do humans explore Mars? Will humans really emigrate to Mars? What will the everyday life be like on M

36、ars if humans really live there? Shanghai Astronomy launched its original situational exhibition “Living on Mars“ 一 to reveal the secrets of Mars and solve visitors puzzles about the life on Mars.Time: October 15, 2021 to March 2, 2022 (closed on Mondays, except national holidays)Location: Bl Tempor

37、ary Exhibition HallHIGHLIGHTS OF THE EXHIBITIONFully situational displayIn the exhibition there are artistic installations and scenes created against Martian landscapes, such as the famous Martian sandstorm, Olympus Mons, and Valles Marineris. Visitors can get a glimpse of the beauty of Mars. The am

38、azing blue sunset on Mars, in particular, is indeed a feast for eyes. The area where a giant astronaut model floating in the air greets visitors has become a popular check-in spot.Mars Convenience StoreRows of shelves in the store allow visitors to have a direct knowledge of what animals and plants

39、can live on Mars and even get a receipt with scientific knowledge printed on it. There is also an area of imported food” in the store where visitors can not only “purchase“ the spicy diced chicken with peanuts, chocolate, and ice cream eaten by astronauts but also see the astronauts5 food of differe

40、nt times and packaged in different shapes, such as a toothpaste tube and a can.Mars FarmWhat plants can grow on Mars? Why adopt such a model? The unique “store in the front and farni at the back model of MarsHousing on MarsWhat would the house look like if we live on Mars? How can we get water and o

41、xygen? Why does it take 45 minutes for youConvenience Store allows visitors to visually see what to eat on Mars and learn how the food is produced.to receive an answer to a question you asked when you make a call to Earth from Mars? Come to the Mars Base to find the answers.39. Which feature of the

42、exhibition appeals most to a visitor who is interested in the astronauts9 diet?A. Mars Convenience Store.B. Fully situational display.C. Mars Farm.D. Housing on Mars.40. Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage?A. The exhibition offers visitors an immersive （沉浸工1）experienc

43、e of life in space.B. The exhibition features a combination of scientific knowledge and artistic display.C. Visitors can have a taste of humans future life on Mars in this permanent exhibition.D. Visitors can experience life on Mars in the aspect of food, housing and transportation.41. Where can thi

44、s passage most probably be found?A. In a travel brochure.B. In a science magazine.C. On an art show poster.D. On a museum website.【答案】40.A41. B 42. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍上海天文馆原创情景化展览“火星生活”的时间、地点、亮点等参展信 息。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据 “Mars Convenience Store（火星便利店）一栏的 uThere is also an area of imported fbod, in the

45、store where visitors can not only purchase9 the spicy diced chicken with peanuts, chocolate, and ice cream eaten by astronauts but also see the astronauts9 food of different times and packaged in different shapes, such as a toothpaste tube and a can.（商店里还有一个“进口食品”区域，在那儿游客不仅可以“购买”宇航员 吃的带花生、巧克力和冰淇淋的辣鸡

46、丁，还可以看到不同时期的宇航员食品，食品有诸如牙膏管和罐头等 不同的包装。）可知，在火星便利店游客们可以看到宇航员在不同时期所食用的食品，即宇航员的日常饮 食可以在火星便利店里了解到。应选A项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据 “Fully situational display” （完全情景化展览）一栏的 “In the exhibition there are artistic installations and scenes created against Martian landscapes, such as the famous Martian sandstorm, Olympus M

47、ons,and Valles Marineris.（展览设有以火星景观为背景的艺术性装置和情景，例如众所周知的火星沙尘暴、 奥林波斯山和水手峡谷。）可知该展览设有艺术陈列供人欣赏； m Mars Convenience Store（火星便利 店） 的 “Rows of shelves in the store allow visitors to have a direct knowledge of what animals and plants can live on Mars and even get a receipt with scientific knowledge printed o

48、n it. ”（商店里成列货架上的展示使得游客能 够直接了解火星上可以生存的动物和植物，甚至可以得到一张印有科学知识的收据。）可知该展览可以让 游客收获科学知识。由此说明“火星生活”展览是艺术展示与科学知识的结合。应选B项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“ Shanghai Astronomy launched its original situational exhibition Living on Mars to reveal the secrets of Mars and solve visitors, puzzles about the life on Mars. ” （上

49、海天文馆举行原创 情景化展览“火星生活”一一揭露火星的秘密，解答关于火星生活的疑惑。）以及后面出现的“Time” “Location” 和 “HIGHLIGHTS OF THE EXHIBITION” （展览亮点）可知，本文主要介绍的是 “火星生活”情景化展览的信息，所以最有可能出现在博物馆的网站上。应选D项。（C）People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity （肥胖症）.Scientists studying the pr