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1、专题02词汇填空【大题精做】冲刺2023年高考英语大题突破题型简介令 选词填空题文体以说明文为主令 题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。令 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；令 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。令 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。令 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。令 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。第一步，判断方框内单词词性有些词具有多个词性，不认识的词要看后缀

2、。构词法中，前缀区分意思，后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的，暂时搁置。第二步，略读抓中心。略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。第三步，填词入空。分为三小步；1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。典例在线上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三下学期摸底考试【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们误解了绘画的意义，因为我们认为它是一种专业技能，而不是个人能力。capacity 为名词需要形容词修饰，且结合句意表示“个人的”形容词为personal。故填personal。故选J。35题详解】考查形容词。句意：“这种本质上

3、的困惑阻碍了我们对绘画的理解，也让它不再被视为学习的工具。” confusion为名词需要形容词修饰，且结合句意表示“本质上的”形容词为essential。故填essential。故 选Eo【36题详解】考查动词。句意：一个并不排斥另一个；你会喜欢精心准备的饭菜，就像喜欢自制的饭菜一样一一它们 只是不同而已。本句中缺少谓语动词，结合句意表示“排斥”动词为exclude,且根据上文doesnt可知 应填动词原形。故填exclude。故选B。37题详解】考查副词。句意：坐着（或站着！），拿着画板和铅笔，画一些你能看到或想象到的东西，需要专注和相 对安静的思维，这是我们很多人都想要培养的。修饰形容词

4、quiet应用副词，且结合句意表示“相对地” 副词为 relatively。故填 relatively。故选 G。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：但是，特别是如果你不习惯画画，你可能会很想一开始就跑开，做一些其他的事情。 修饰后文整个句子应用副词，且结合句意表示“特别”副词为especially。故填especially。故选F。39题详解】考查名词。句意：为了应对你的不安，给自己一个时间限制。your为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，且结 合句意表示“不安”名词为restlessnesso故填restlessnesso故选Do【40题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你想的话，你可以一直做下去，但那个计时器

5、至少可以让你把注意力从外界的干 扰上移开。outside为形容词修饰名词，且结合句意表示“干扰”名词为distraction。故填distraction。故 选Io登；刷真题(A)(2019上海春季高考)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. repetitiveB. continuallyC. alertsD. patternE

6、. locateF. mentalG. challengeH. networkI. evolvingJ. reverselyK. literacyBill Drayton believes were in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most peoples lives had a certain 11. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then

7、you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.But these days machines can do pretty much anything thafs 12. The new world requires a differentsort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.Changemakers are people w

8、ho can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then13adapt as situations change.For example, Ashoka fellow Andres Gallardo is a

9、 Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 14 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 15 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.

10、To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all. Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in16 circumstances. For the good of all“ is the capacity to build teams.It doesnt matter

11、 if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 17 problems and organize responses.Millions of people already live with the mind-set* But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear so

12、ciety telling them: We dont need you. We dont need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.The central 18 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, hesays, society realized it needed universal 19. Today, schools have

13、 to develop the curriculums andassessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of20shift can be promoted. It turnsout that successful movements take similar steps.【答案】11

14、.D12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16.117. E 18. G 19. K 20. F【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人 是变革者。11题详解】考查名词。句意:几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating th

15、e same skill over the course of your career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后 利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern （模式），故 选Do【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解 决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive （重 复性的），故选A。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法, 组建一个流利的团队，领导集体

16、性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situations change可知,变革者需要不断适应环境，故用continually,故选B。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus,能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together 可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用 network（组建网络），故选H。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒 邻居

17、。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts （警示），故选C。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述 随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evolving （进化的），故选I。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇 佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal

18、 changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用 locate （定位），故选E。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：Drayton说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的

19、 挑战，故选G。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. nJ知，学校必 须做出改变，故选literacy （读写能力），故选K。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：Ashoka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主 要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental,故选F。(B)(2022年上海秋季高考)A pur

20、suitsB.interestsC.comparableD.innovationE.scheduleF.optionsG.realizationH routesI.subjectsJ.recipesK. motivatedCreativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in USWhen you think about creativity,it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind.They were all consider

21、ed to be,Geniuses,for their somewhat unique talents that led to global (31)in their fields. Their type of creativity is whats known asnBig C creativity”(or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the w

22、orld.But while we cant all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of (32)are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be (33)w

23、ith the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.On top of hobbies and (34), we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve lifes problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan

24、different(35)to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our (36)looks full.It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider(37) and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior

25、 experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as Small C creativityor personal everyday creativity.While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, It is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.it sets us apart from o

26、ther animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace.Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give example

27、s of creative activity in arts(38), but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.But there is a growing(39)that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects.For instance,engineering provides opportunities to be creative throug

28、h problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what(40)those involved.【答案】31-40 DACBH LFIGKD【解析】此处的形容词global (全球的)应修饰名词，结合前面提到的“当你想到创造力时，你可能 会想到像莫扎特、达芬奇或爱因斯坦这样极具创造力的人。他们都被认为是“天才”，因为他们有些独特 的才能“，这里讲的是创造力，分析选项，只有“innovation”符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为“他们都被认为 是

29、“天才”，因为他们有些独特的才能，导致了他们所在领域的全球创新(innovation)”,故选Do innovation n. 创新。31 A【解析】该空对应的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano.，分析 选项可知“水彩画或弹钢琴”可以说是“追求”，句意为:当被间及创造力是什么样子时，人们通常会想到这 些类型的追求(pursuits)。故选A。pursuits n.追求。32 .C【解析】此处考查固定搭配be comparable with(与可比较的，比得上的)，此处句意为“我们完成的 作品可能无法

30、与大师们的作品相提并论(comparable),但通常这个过程是有益的，最终的结果是令人赏心 悦目的”,故选C。comparable dj,可比的，可比较的。33 B【解析】该空与hobbies并列，且它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知应选“interests”。句意为 “除了爱好和兴趣(interests),我们都拥有创造性的属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做决定”，故 选 B o interests n,兴趣。34 .H【解析】根据后面的to get to the same destination(到达同一个目的地)”可以反推出我们需要先计划路 线，此处句意为“正是这种创造力使我们能

31、够计划不间的路线(routes)到达同一个目的地“，故选H。routes n路线:路途。36E【解析】分析透项可知“当我们的时间表看起来很满时”符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为”或者当我们的 时间表(schedule)看起来很满时如何安排去超市的旅行”，放选E。schedule,计划俵),进度表:时间表。37 F【解析】分析选项，根据后面的as well as how to make decisions biased on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally (以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们

32、正式或非正式地学到的 知识做出决定户可以推测出我们考虑的是“选择”，句意为:这听起来可能不是很有创意，但这方面的创造 力依赖于我们考虑选择(options)和评估其适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定。故选F。options n.可选择的事物:选择，选择权。38 .1【解析】根据后面的but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science”可知此处应为“subjects”。句意为“我们之前的研究表明。教师通常能够给出艺术科目(su

33、bjects)中 创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等科目中的创造性时，他们发现很难做到这一点”，故选lo subjects n学科:科目:主题。39 .G【解析】分析选项，“创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在“属于一种”认识。意识;此处句意为“但人 们越来越意识到(realization),创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在，故选G。realization n.认识，领悟。40 K【解析】分析句子结构可知此空是一个谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，应选motivatedo此处句 意为“例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来发挥创造力的机会，而历史则提供了机会来创造性地思考事 件发生的原因,以及是什么激发了(

34、motivated )参与者”，故选K。motivated v成为 的动机,是 的 原因;激励，激发。Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you needA. convinced B. minimum C. commit D. procedure E. confirmed F. witnessesG. rules H. tense I. eviden

35、ce J. tricks K. aidAll of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, HI know, I was there; I saw it happen/ and that settle the matter. Or does it? Can we really trust the 11 of our eyes?Take competitive sports. Fans who see the same game will not agree with each other and will disagree with the r

36、eferee. He was out of bounds when he caught the pass” says one fan. Says another, Youre crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind. The referee 12 that the receiver didstep out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not 13 because they were there!Its the same

37、 story in the court-room. Trial 14 depends on witnesses giving testimony （证 词）.Butjust now reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand 15 were asked to describe the man they saw 16 a crime. The study reveals that, onthe average, the witnesses d

38、idnt play 17 on them!What can we do to keep error to 18? First of all, dont let your emotions interfere with your vision.Don*t see something because you want to see it. Secondly, try to stay relaxed. If you are 19 you arelikely to see red when the color is blue. And finally, it helps to make notes o

39、f what you see. Dont rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other 20 to reduce distortion （歪曲）.【答案】11.112. G 13. A 14. D 15.F16. C 17. J 18.B19. H 20. K【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了眼见未必为实，然后介绍了怎样才能把误差控制在最低限度。11题详解】考查名词。句意：我们真的能相信我们眼睛的证据吗？根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词作 动词trust的宾语，名词ev

40、idence“证据”符合语法和句意。故选I项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：裁判员判定接球者确实越界了。分析句子可知，空格处需要谓语动词，主语为第三人 称单数，第三人称单数动词rules裁定；判决”符合语法和句意。故选G项。【13题详解】考查过去分词转化的形容词。句意：但成千上万的球迷仍然不相信，因为他们在那里！分析句子可知, 根据空格前系动词are可知，此处可用形容词作表语，过去分词转化的形容词convinced”确信的”符合句 意。故选A项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：审判程序取决于证人的证词。根据空格后的第三人称单数动词depends可知，此处需 要名词单数形式作主语，名词proced

41、ure“程序”，符合语法和句意。故选D项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：在最近的一项研究中，一万名目击者被要求描述他们看到的犯罪人。根据空格前ten thousand及空格后were asked可知，此处需用名词复数形式作主语，名词复数witnesses“目击者”符合语 法和句意。故选F项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：在最近的一项研究中，一万名目击者被要求描述他们看到的犯罪人。分析句子可知, 先行词the man后面为定语从句,拆解定语从句为：they saw the man 6 a crime, see sb. do sth.“看 见某人干了某事”是动词习惯用法，不带to不定式作宾补，动词

42、原形commit“犯（罪或错等广符合语法和 句意。故选C项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：研究显示，平均而言，目击者不会捉弄他们！ play tricks on sb,“捉弄某人”是固定短语， 可数名词复数tricks作play的宾语，符合语法和句意。故选J项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：我们怎样才能把误差控制在最低限度？根据空格前的介词t。（意为“到”）可知，此处 需要名词作介词宾语，名词minimum“最低限度”符合语法和句意。故选B项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你紧张，你很可能看到红色的颜色是蓝色的。根据空格前的系动词are可知， 此处需要表语，形容词tense“紧张的”符合

43、语法和句意。故选H项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：拍照，录音，并使用任何其他辅助手段来减少歪曲。根据空格前的any other的修饰可 知，此处需要名词，名词单数形式aid“援助；辅助的东西符合语法和句意。故选K项。变式划练上海市曹杨二中2022学年高三模拟A. nod B. initiating C. proceeding D unintended E. automatically F. orientsG. bite H. watchful L tagsJ. prospective K. potentiallyFacial RecallLarge gatherings such as we

44、ddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn peoples names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue but privacy experts recommend 31 with caution.The app, called Social Recall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial

45、 recognition,32 eliminating the need for formal introductions. It breaks down these social barriers weall have in terms of 33 the policy of politeness to meet somebody, says Barry Sandrew, whose start-up,also called Social Recall, created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 peo

46、ple.After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, a(n)34 user isasked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendees face, t

47、he app identifies the individual, displays the persons name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have given their 35 And the apps creators say it 36 wipes users dataafter an event.Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Desig

48、n Center of Excellence at Ryerson University in Toronto, commends the apps creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that there may be 37 consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might comeback to 38 you.The start-up has also developed a version of the app fbr individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or face blindness,a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an