2023年中考英语时事热点阅读专练 热点126 人与猴痘等病毒的抗争(学生版+解析版).docx

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1、2023年中考英语时事热点阅读专练热点126人与猴痘等病毒的抗争背景阅读WHO expects greater spread of monkeypox(China Daily, 2022-05-23)The World Health Organization said it expects to identify more cases of monkeypox as it expands surveillance in countries where the disease is not typically found.As of Saturday, 92 confirmed cases an

2、d 28 suspected cases of monkeypox had been reported from 12 member states where the virus is not endemic, the UN agency said, adding it will provide further guidance and recommendations in the coming days for countries on how to mitigate the spread of monkeypox.Available information suggests that hu

3、man-to-human transmission is occurring among people in close physical contact with cases who are symptomatic”, the agency said.Symptoms of monkeypox are usually mild and include headache, aching muscles, and exhaustion. The disease can also cause unsightly skin lesions that are susceptible to infect

4、ion.The United Kingdom is braced for a sharp rise in monkeypox cases as an outbreak of the once-rare disease ramps up.Britain is seeing daily infections of the monkeypox virus that are unconnected to any travel to West Africa, where the disease is endemic, Susan Hopkins, chief medical adviser of the

5、 UK Health Security Agency said on Sunday.UK-based scientists said more infected people will be traced in the coming days, to add to the 20 found in the country so far.Claire Dewsnap, president of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV, told Sky News: There is going to be more diagnoses o

6、ver the next week. How many is hard to say. What worries me the most is there are infections across Europe, so this has already spread.1And she said it will be a massive job for the authorities to now trace everyone who has been in contact with someone who has the disease.The UK was the first countr

7、y to identify cases in an outbreak that is now known to be impacting the European mainland, the United States, and Australia. In the past, monkeypox had been contained to central and westernB. To stress the importance of good appetite.C. To suggest the difficulty in removing smallpox.D. To show his

8、determination to carry on the drive.19. Where can you find the figures that best support smallpox is a terrifying disease?A. In paragraph 1.C. In paragraph 3.20. What message does the text convey?A. A promise made is a debt unpaid.C. Something is better than nothing.B. In paragraph 2.D. In paragraph

9、 4.B. A trouble shared is a trouble halved.D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.6What do you get when you mix six little pigs, four monkeys and the deadly Ebola virus? Bad news, according to a recent experiment by Canadian researchers.The experiment is the first to suggest that the Ebola viru

10、s can spread through the air. The study, published in November, detailed how the virus apparently moved from pigs to monkeys without their coming into physical contact. Previously, researchers thought animals had to touch to pass along the virus, which has been blamed for the deaths of more than 1,5

11、00 people.In the experiment, researchers infected six piglets with Ebola. The team then placed the infected piglets in a room with several monkeys. A barrier separated the monkeys from the pigs, so the two species could not touch. And yet, after about a week, two monkeys became sick, infected with t

12、he virus. A few days later, the other two monkeys also fell sick with Ebola.The Ebola virus is named for a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa, close to where the germ was discovered. The virus causes high fevers and deadly bleeding disorders in primates, including people and mon

13、keys. It is often deadly. However, scientists previously believed that the virus spread only through direct contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person or animal. Other viruses, including the ones that cause chicken pox and the common cold, are known to spread through the air.T

14、hough Ebola too appeared to spread through the air in the laboratory experiment, researchers havent documented any cases of airborne infection under normal conditions. Since the discovery of Ebola in 1976, it has infected more than 2,200 people. Of that total, only 13 people fell ill apparently with

15、out coming into direct contact with an infected animal or person. If Ebola spreads easily through the air, scientists and doctors would expect to seemore such cases.21. What does the underlined part Bad news“ in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The animals will only spread the virus to other animals.B. Canad

16、ian researchers have not reached a conclusion.C. The virus will be spread among people by pigs and monkeys.D. The pigs and monkeys will get infected with the virus.22. What have researchers surprisingly found about the Ebola virus recently?A. The Ebola virus can be deadly to animals in the wild.B. T

17、he Ebola virus can spread without direct physical contact.C. The Ebola virus can kill humans after they get infected with it.D. Animals have to touch each other to pass along the Ebola virus.23. What do we know about the Ebola virus?a. It was first found in an African country.b. It spreads totally d

18、ifferently from chicken pox.c. It cannot spread through other body fluids besides blood.d. People usually suffer from high fevers after getting infected.e. It spread only through direct contact with the blood in the past.A. abeB. adC. abcD. bcdeIt is implied about the Ebola virus in the last paragra

19、ph that.A. it has killed thirteen people in total through air spreadingit cannot cause any human infections under normal conditionsB. spreading through the air is not an efficient route of transmissionmore than 2,200 people have died because of the infection of the virus7Few people enjoyed getting s

20、hots at the doctors office. But many of these shots are important vaccines （疫苗） that help prevent us from getting certain diseases or types of infection.Vaccines got their start in Europe in the 1720s, when a British woman named Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was visiting Turkey. She saw Turkish doctors

21、purposefully inoculating （接种）people with small amounts of smallpox. Smallpox is a painful, deadly disease that had no cure at the time. But Lady Montagu was amazed that the patients not only recovered, but then proved to be immune （免疫的）to the disease!Lady Montagu quickly returned to England, excited

22、 to share this new procedure. But inoculation took many years to catch on. One problem was that no one had a correct way of inoculating people safely. Occasionally, patients would become fully infected and then begin spreading the disease. However, inoculation eventually saved enough people for it t

23、o become the common practice for preventing smallpox.Some years later, a scientist named Edward Jenner discovered that people who had been infected with a disease called cowpox became resistant to smallpox. Cowpox was less much harmful than smallpox. Jenner convinced doctors to inoculate people with

24、 cowpox, which led to a very safe vaccine and far fewer outbreaks of smallpox. Finally, a French scientist named Louis Pasteur realized that Jenners idea could be used to treat other diseases. Since then, vaccines have been made for many other diseases, such as polio, tetanus, and rabies.Today, scie

25、ntists and doctors continue to create new vaccines that could potentially save millions of lives worldwide.24. Who used vaccines first ?A. Edward Jenner.B. Lady Montagu.C. Turkish doctors.D. Loui Pasteur.25. What happened after Edwards discovery?A. Inoculation became common in England.B. Smallpox co

26、uld be cured by a new medicine.C. Cowpox was widely used to cure smallpox.D. Louis developed vaccines for other diseases.26. What does the text center on?A. The development of vaccine.B. The way vaccines work.C. Three great scientists.D. The importance of vaccines.27. In which section of a newspaper

27、 may this text appear?A. Education.B. History.C. Health.D. Nature.For thousands of years, humans have built cities. Some of our oldest cities have managed to maintain pieces of their original characteristics while others have disappeared completely.One of these lost cities belonged to the Anasazi pe

28、ople who lived in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico. They built houses along the river that ran through the valley. For nearly 300 years, the Chaco Canyon was the population center of many desert cities. Now nothing is left of this busy city but ruins. Scientists think that drought may have made the Anasaz

29、is food hard to get or that some kind of disease killed off many of the people. However, no one knows for sure what happened to the people of the Chaco Canyon. Another lost city sits high atop the Andes Mountains in Peru: the city of Machu Picchu. It was once among the most powerful cities in South

30、America. It was home to the Incan emperor. In 1527, its citizens packed up their belongings and moved for unknown reasons. Scientists guess that smallpox, a disease brought by European explorers, was the cause of Machu Picchus downfall. Today, tourists from all over the world climb thousands of stee

31、p stone steps to view the ruins of this once great city. Yet another city that is no more was called Pompeii. This was one of the wealthiest cities of ancient Italy. This beautiful seaside city was a lively center of trade. However, a storm of lava, smoke, and ash from Mt. Vesuvius buried the city o

32、f Pompeii, putting an end to its prosperity. Scientists have studied the ruins of Pompeii, which led to new discoveries about ancient civilizations of Europe.Humans have always built cities as centers for trade, business, and family life. Cities that have been lost provide information about the past

33、, helping to inform our future. By studying lost cities, we can learn how to preserve our current cities.28. Machu Picchu was once among the most powerful cities in South America because.A. it was the center of the Inca Empireit was located high atop the Andes MountainsB. it was founded by powerful

34、European explorersit is visited by numerous visitors throughout the world29. The writer introduces the three lost cities mainly by.A. making a comparisonB. stating causes and effectsC. expressing his own opinionsD. listing numbers and examples30. What message does the author want to convey in the la

35、st paragraph?A. We should set up powerful cities for a competitive world.B. We should pass on certain customs of ancient civilizations.C. We should figure out how to protect our cities from disease and starvation.D. We should learn from the past to ensure that we do not lose cities in the future.9In

36、novation（创新）comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic（传染病）create when it comes to quickening innovation? This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have

37、come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history. This is a timely report because people are coming up with some innovative ideas to address many of the challenges brought on by COVID-19.As epidemics go, the Black Death of the 1300% was extremely shocking. The plague（瘟疫）as it is also k

38、nown, wiped out up to 60% of the population in Europe. According to the report, it was responsible for changing the economic and social structure of Europe and the creation of a middle class.There were other outbreaks of the plague in England later on. In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut dow

39、n theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.In the US, the

40、 Boston smallpox epidemic of 1721 led to the spread of variolation（天花接种）which was responsible for reducing the death rate from 14% to2%, 2s well as the first steps towards vaccines.COVID-19 is causing serious damage around the world. And although the death rate is nowhere close, the economic impact

41、has been overwhelming. On the negative side, it has highlighted may of the shortcoming in the healthcare industry as nurses and doctors battled virus unfortunately underequipped.With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that health

42、care workers desperately need Todays innovators are addressing ventilator（呼吸机）shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.31. What can be inferred from the fir

43、st paragraph?A. Epidemics can promote creative ideas.B. Creative ideas can influence epidemics.C. Innovation exists in any environment.D. Epidemics have more negative effects on the environment.32. According to the passage, what effect did epidemics have in history?A. The death rate was decreased.B.

44、 European economy was improved.C. Shakespeare changed his writing focus.D. The Boston smallpox killed 14% of the population.33. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The COVID- 19 will soon be wiped out.B. Medical workers are making equipment.C. Healthcare equipment has been made in large qua

45、ntities.D. Innovators rely on technology to solve medical problems.34. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Epidemics Speed Up InnovationB. Innovation Changes the EconomyC. Epidemics Damage the EnvironmentD. Innovators Prevent CO VID-1910When it comes to climate change, there

46、 are always some new, terrifying consequences to worry about-like ancient viruses and bacteria coming from the ice as the earth warms. Unfortunately, researchers fear we may see more of this in the future.Some of these viruses and bacteria may have been trapped for thousands of years, and its not ev

47、en totally clear yet what they are, let alone what kind of damage they might have.Researchers have met complex giant viruses, in the melting permafrost（永久冻土） of Siberia. One such virus, 30,000 years old, was still infectious when it was discovered in 2015, though it posed no danger to humans. It tur

48、ns out that permafrost is excellent at preserving bacteria and viruses that are temporarily inactive, and then become reactivated with warming.Scientists have discovered Spanish flu viruses in dead bodies buried in 1918 in the Alaskan tundra （冻原）. When close to half of the population of a Siberian t

49、own in the 1890s died of smallpox （天花），their bodies were buried in the permafrost along the Kolyma River. The banks of that river are now beginning to wear away amid global warming, the BBC reports.In Siberia in August 2016, some 100 people and 2,300 deer were infected with anthrax（炭疽）in the firstoutbreak in the area since 1941. One boy died fro