2022年上海市部分区高三线下英语高考二模试题汇编：概要写作(02)（含答案）.docx

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1、上海市局部区2022届高三英语二模试题分类汇编概要写作目录：1) 2022届上海市静安区高考二模英语试题2022届上海市闵行区高考二模英语试题2) 2022届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题2022届上海市青浦区高考二模英语试题3) 2022届上海市松江区高考二模英语试题2022届上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题4) 2022届上海市杨浦区高考二模英语试题2022届上海市静安区高考二模英语试题IV Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) o

2、f the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How docs your mind process bad news?When you experience stressful events, a physiological change happens (hat can cause you to take in any sort of warning and become fixed on how it develops. A study using brain imaging to

3、 look at the neural activity of people under stress revealed that this 4switch5 was related to a sudden increase in a neural signal known as a prediction crroi; specifically in response to unexpected signs of dangerWhen our ancestors found themselves in a cave filled with hungry animals, they benefi

4、ted from such an ability to take in the warning and guard against dangers so as to avoid fierce animals. In this way they survived. In a safe environment today however, it would be wasteful to be on high alert constantly A system that automatically increases or decreases your ability to process warn

5、ings in response to changes in your environment might be useful in handling negative messages of different levels. In fact, people with certain diseases seem unable to switch away from a state in which they absorb all the negative messages around them.If your co-workcr is stressed, you are more like

6、ly to tense up and feel stressed yourself. Our brains are designed (o transmit emotions quickly (o one another, because they often pass on important information. When infants are held by their mothers who have just experienced a socially stressful event, the infants, heart rates go up too. Studies s

7、how that if you observe negative posts, such as complaints about a long queue at the coffee shop, you will in turn create more negative posts.The good news, however is that positive emotions, such as hope and love, can spread too. andthey are powerful in lifting peoples mood. If you observe positive

8、 feeds on social media, such as images of a pink sunset, you are more likely to post uplifting messages yourself. Therefore, why not frame our messages wisely in the hope of avoiding negative reactions?1) 2022届上海市闵行区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the mai

9、n idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ever walked to the shops only to find, once there, youve completely forgotten what you went for? Or struggled co remember the name of an old friend? For years weve accepted that a forgetful br

10、ain is as much a part of aging as wrinkles and gray hair. But now a new book suggests that weve got it all wrong.According to The Secret Life of the Grown-up Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch. when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues

11、that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s much later than previously thought.Furthermore, rather than losing many brain cells as wc age, we keep them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. For years its been assumed that brain, much like the body, de

12、clines with age. But the longest, largest study into what happens to people as they age suggests otherwise.This continuing research has followed 6,(X)0 people since 1956, testing them every seven years. It has found that on average, participants performed better on cognitive (认知的)tests in their 40s

13、and 50s than they had done in their 20s. Specifically, older people did better on tests of vocabulary, verbal memory (how many words you can remember) and problem solving. Where they performed less well was number ability and perceptual speed how fast you can push a button when ordered. However, wit

14、h more complex tasks such as problem-solving and language, wc arc at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers arc now coming up with scientific proof that we do get wiser with age.Neuroscientists arc also finding that wc arc happier with aging. A recent US study found older people we

15、re much better at controlling and balancing their emotions. It is thought that when were younger wc need to fbcus more on the negative aspects of life in order to learn about the possible dangers in the world, but as we get older weve learned our lessons and are aware that we have less lime left in

16、life: therefore, it becomes more important fbr us to be happy.3)2022届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Does Zoom exhaust you?During

17、the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing has kept people apart physically, more people are logging on to popular video chat platforms to connect with colleagues, family and friends. And as a result, virtual meetings, or “zooming”, have skyrocketed. However, communication professor Jeremy Bailenso

18、n, founding director of the Stanford Virtual Human Interaction Lab (VHIL) examined the psychological consequences of spending hours per day on these platforms, warning that those video calls are likely tiring you out.In a normal meeting, people will variously be looking at the speaker, taking notes,

19、 or looking elsewhere. But on Zoom calls, everyone is looking at everyone, all the time. A listener is treated nonverbally like a speaker, so even if you dont speak once in a meeting, you are still looking at faces staring at you. The amount of eye contact is dramatically increased. Social anxiety o

20、f public speaking is one of the biggest fears that exist in our population; Bailenson said. When youre standing up there and everybodys staring at you, that,s a stressful experience.Most video platforms show a square of what you look like on camera during a chat, which is unnatural. Bailenson said,

21、uIn the real world, if somebody was following you around with a mirror constantly so that you were seeing yourself in a mirror while you were talking to people, making decisions, giving feedback, etc., that would just be crazy. He cited studies showing that when you see a reflection of yourself, you

22、 are more critical of yourself and there will be negative emotional consequences.Moreover, video chats dramatically reduce our usual mobility. In-person and audio phone conversations allow humans to walk around and move. But with videoconferencing, most cameras have a set field of view, meaning a pe

23、rson has to generally stay in the same spot. Movement is limited in ways that arc not natural. Theres a growing research now that says when people arc moving, theyre performing better cognitively,Bailenson said.4) 2022届上海市青浦区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summariz

24、e the main idea and the main poinl(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Plan for Domino Effects on Sustainability GoalsClimate change is causing ever-more-extreme events, from storms and droughts to floods and violent windstorms, and these risks intera

25、ct across many environmental and social systems. A heatwave can spark forest fires, which lead to air pollution. Drought-wrecked harvests can result in food-price uiwrediciabilily.Yet these domino effects are barely considered in most countries strategies fbr achieving the United Nations Sustainable

26、 Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Many countries that are working hard to reach these goals insufficiently consider the impact of extreme weather. Take Germany as an example. Its 2018 strategy on sustainable development runs to 60 pages yet the word disaster appears only once. There is no analysis

27、of the consequences of an increase in such events.Although many people are now aware that climate change is making fires, floods, heatwaves and storms more frequent, more severe or both, this knowledge isnt changing policy or research enough. Part of the problem is perception. Future disasters feel

28、unreal to decision-makers, as weve experienced with so many governments lack of pandemic preparedness, despite years of warning that something similar to COVID-19 was a case of when, not if. Other obstacles are inadequate national and international governance, and communication challenges. The resea

29、rch community has not yet provided effective guidance.As a consequence, many efforts to achieve the SDGs will, like a house of cards, fall at the first shaking. Our global efforts need to be much more vigorous to the changing and interconnected nature of risk in a wanning world.What now? Researchers

30、 must create models that are more understandable and useful to policymakers. When possible, SDG targets and indicators should be redesigned to capture weakness to heatwaves, fires, droughts, floods, hurricanes, mudslides and more. And politicians need to be convinced to invest in precautionary measu

31、res and adaptation.5) 2022届上海市松江区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Working Out Worries by WritingAfter his father was driven to the hospit

32、al fbr emergent treatment, 43-year-okl Yanatha Dcsouvrc began to panic. So, he did one thing that he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. Writing allowed me to face my fear a

33、nd process my pain, he says. Psychologists refer to that kind of writing as “expressive writing”. People do it by recording their deepest thoughts and feelings. However, different from writing in a journal, expressive writing is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular frustration or cha

34、llenge.A well-known psychology professor says that hundreds of studies have looked at (he potential benefits of expressive writing and found it can help reduce pain and improve mood, sleep and memory. It may even help reduce symptoms of various illnesses, and prevent colds and flu.Expressive writing

35、 takes effect because translating a painful experience into language allows people to make meaning out of it, some experts say. The process forces them to organize their thoughts and offers a sense of control, thus completing (he pursuit of value from such an experience. Another research suggested t

36、hat during expressive writing, the act of labeling a feeling can lessen the activity relating to nerves in (he threat area of the brain. With these nerves relaxed, people can lower the symptoms of their diseases, enhance their appreciation for life, and increase (he acceptance of various experiences

37、 in their lives.What cant be ignored is that it shouldnt be used as a replacement for other medical treatments. And people coping with a severe depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet, it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps battle

38、 against their reluclance (o face negative emotions.6) 2022届上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Theres a longstanding debate on how to red

39、uce emissions in the trucking industry. Germany is testing out a new system cHighways, which feed electricity to trucks while they drive.Figuring out how to reduce emissions in the commercial trucking industry is key to the fight against climate change. Because long-haul diesel(柴油机)trucks spend so m

40、uch time on the road, they disproportionately produce pollutants, greenhouse gases, and contribute to dirty air.Germany is at (he forefront of this fight against truck emissions.Using wires strung above the highway and a pantograph (current collector) mounted to the top of a truck, Germanys eHighway

41、s use technology similar to that of an electric city bus. The system delivers power directly from the electrical line straight to the trucks motor.Adapting the same equipment that is used for driving (rains and urban street cars, Siemens, the German electricity company, provided the equipment for th

42、e test route stringing miles of high-voltage electrical cable above the Autobahn.The cHighway system saves truckers weight and money compared to outfitting trucks with electric batteries which could be both heavy and expensive. Using overhead wires on the freeway, a truck would only need a big enoug

43、h battery to drive the short distance from the offramp to its destination. Not to mention, the money (rucking companies would save on fuel, their largest cost.While this system saves money in the long term, stringing thousands of miles of electrical cable above freeways would be costly to German tax

44、payers. Is it feasible? For now, Germany is just testing it out. The eHighway system has also been tested in Sweden and a 1-mile stretch near Long Beach, California.It would take 2,500 miles of electrical wiring to accommodate about 60% of German truck traffic. So far, only a couple 3-mile-stretches

45、 of highway outside Frankfurt, Schleswig-Holstein, and Baden-Wurttemberg are equipped with overhead electrical cables. By the end of the year, more than 20 trucks carrying real loads will be using (he system. The companies funding (he project want to see how the eHighway stretch performs in everyday

46、 use.Building the overhead cables would cost the German government about $5 million dollars per mile. Germanys Ministry of Environment will compare the results of this project with studies of trucks using electric batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. Based on the data, (he ministry plans to decide in

47、three to four years which cco-fricndly technology to invest in and support.“Numerous studies have come to the conclusion that overhead cable trucks, despite the high infrastructure costs, arc the most cost-cffcctivc option/ the Ministry of Environment said to The New York Times.No matter which optio

48、n the ministry chooses, the goal is to create a more environment-friendly future for the commercial trucking industry.7) 2022届上海市杨浦区高考二模英语试题IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read (he following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own w

49、ords as far as possible.Huggings Evolutionary OriginsAfter long stretches of social isolation, many of us arc longing for the warmth of a hug. Degges -White, a professor focused on social relationships, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When were born, we cant care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. Were rewarded with a msh of feel-go