2023年统考版高考英语总复习考点限时提分练(十四)必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars.docx

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1、限时提分练（十四）必修 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of thestars限时40分钟I .阅读理解A2022贵阳四才交高三联考二NASA astronaut Bruce McCandless II has died. You may not know his name, but youve probably seen him in one of the most famous pictures ever taken in space. In 1984, McCandless carried a jet-powered backpack and flew awa

2、y from the shuttle, by himself, untethered （不被绳索捆束的），with the Earth as a background. It was the first time that an astronaut had ever floated freely in space, and McCandless helped develop the technology.Bruce McCandless had been an astronaut for a long time before he first flew in space aboard the

3、shuttle. He was one of the ones who communicated with the crew of Apollo 11. While he was waiting his turn to fly in space, he helped design what became to be known as the Manned Maneuvering Unit-a backpack propulsion device that gave astronauts mobility for extravehicular （舱夕卜的）activities outside t

4、he shuttle. McCandless first went to space in 1984 aboard the shuttle Challenger and took these jet-powered backpacks along. During the mission, McCandless climbed into the 300-pound contraption （奇特的装置）and slowly eased out of the shuttles cargo bay as controllers looked on.It was frightening seeing

5、McCandless out in space by himself. Relative to the Earth, he was flying at almost 18, 000 miles per hour. But relative to the shuttle, he was moving at one foot per second. He said he wasnt nervous. He found it easy. He had trained for that moment for years, ready for anything.By the end of that sp

6、acewalk, he had moved little more than 300 feet away from the shuttle when the famous picture was taken.McCandless said he was most proud that children came up to him later in life to say theyd seen the picture. He hoped it would inspire the next generation of explorers.Bruce McCandless showed the w

7、ay. He finished second in his class of 899 at the U. S. Naval Academy and used his engineering skills to make spaceflight safer. He once said the first untethered spacewalk was a mix of personal excitement and professional pride.1. What can we learn about McCandless?A. He was the first man to fly ou

8、t of the spacecraft.B. His spacewalk was not attached to the shuttle.C. His name was familiar to the public.D He was fond of taking photos.2. What did McCandless do before his space travel?A. He invented the shuttle Challenger.B. He helped design jet-powered backpacks.C - He worked as a crew member

9、of Apollo 11.D. He trained astronauts at the U. S. Naval Academy.3 . How did McCandless feel during his spacewalk?A. Calm. B. Stressed.C. Fortunate. D. Exhausted.4. Whats McCandless most proud of?A. Being known by children.B. Being chosen as an astronaut.C. Having a good performance in school.D. Mak

10、ing a contribution to space technologies.B2022唐山市二模A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover （探测器）to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agencys bigge

11、st and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial （微生物的）life on Mars.Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planets gravitational （弓I 力的）pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere-just 1 percent

12、 that of Earthsdoes little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.The scientists had to reduce Percy*s 12, 000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph一in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degreesany steeper, and the spacecraft

13、would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the seven minutes of terror”.Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the prefect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system

14、 rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percys scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirmin

15、g that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof, “ said Lori Glaze, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division. While well learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate in

16、struments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples （样本）carry evidence that Mars once harbored life. ”5 . What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars?A. The speed reduction.B. The atmosphere analysis.C. The location search.D. The time management.6. What is Paragraph 3 m

17、ainly about?A. Ways to find the precise entry angle.B Consequences of wrong entry degree.C. Factors to survive “the seven minutes”.D. Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.7. What does it refer to in Paragraph 4?A The spot.B. The area.C. The system.D. The surface.8. . What can be inferred from

18、 Lori Glazes words?A. Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.B , Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.C. Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.D. Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on the Earth.n.七选五2022豫北名校联考高三考试Are people less or mor

19、e happy when they get older? A study in 2018 found that people generally became happier and experienced less worry after the age of 50. In fact, it found that by the age of 85, people were happier with their life than they were at 18.Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scienc

20、e at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70fs. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions

21、were those in their 70*s and 80s. The survey also found that men and women had similar emotional patterns as they grew older. 2The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect th

22、e levels of happiness and well-being related to age.3 One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.4 In another study, people in their 80s reported the fewest

23、problems with the quality of their sleep. The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems. 5 But except for that, people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.A. So why will happiness increase with age?B. Rese

24、archers surveyed more than 150, 000 American adults.C. At that time, the people were between the age of 18 and 25.D. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50*s.E. Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.F.The survey did find an increase during middle age,

25、 especially in women.G. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.in .语法填空2022武汉市高三供题A total of 32 short videos won awards at the finals of the Second Foreigners Short Video Contest in China. The global short video competition 1.(highlight) foreigners perspectives (

26、看法) on China saw the submission of more than 400, 000 entries from over 100 countries and regions. 2.(sponsor) by the China International Publishing Group, the competition had seven categories and accepted submissions between July 2019 and August 2020 on such themes as my favorite Chinese city3.disc

27、overing China from outside its borders”.A selection of 2, 673 videos made it to the final stage, following four rounds of assessment by 18 domestic and overseas professionals from 4. (differ) fields, including film and television production as well as 5.(communicate). A total of 50 videos, filmed by

28、 42 institutions and individuals from 21 countries and regions, 6.(choose) in the final leg of the competition.Gao Anming, editor-in-chief of the publishing group, 7.(praise) the video creators for effectively conveying stories about China to overseas audiences. The participants discovered elements

29、8. can represent characteristics of Chinese culture and helped promote cultural and pcoplc-to-pcoplc 9. (exchange), Gao said. Through the publishing group, the award-winning videos will be covered by seven media companies 10. ten languages.限时提分练（十四）I .阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我人物故事美国宇航员布鲁斯麦克坎德雷斯二世【语篇解读

30、】本文主要讲了美国宇航员布鲁斯麦克坎德雷斯二世使用MMU喷气式背包进行人类历史上第一次没有系绳子的太空行走任务的相关故事。1 .答案与解析：B 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“In 1984, McCandless carried a jet-powered.by himself, untethered（不被绳索捆束的），with the Earth as a background,可知，McCandless 的太 空行走是在没有系绳子的情况下进行的，故B项正确。2 .答案与解析：B 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“While he was waiting his turn t

31、o fly in space, he helped designa backpack propulsion device”可知，McCandless 在进行太空旅行前帮助设计了 喷气式 背包，故B项正确。3 .答案与解析：A 考查推断的能力。根据第三段中的“He said he wasn*t nervous. He found it easy. He had trained for that moment for years, ready for anything”可以推断出，McCandless 在太空行走期间，心情十分平静， 故A项正确。4 .答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第

32、五段中的“McCandless said he was most proud that children came up to him later in life to say they*d seen the picture”可知，McCandless 最引以为豪的事情是被孩子 们认识，故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会科学与技术“毅力号”探测器成功登陆火星 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了 “毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。5 .答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器 更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器

33、的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆 火星的特别挑战。6 .答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to asthe seven minutes of terror ”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知， 该段主要介绍了 “七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度，故C项正确。7 .答案与解析：B考查理解词汇的能力。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map-reading system或the area。再结合句意“其

34、复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹 配，以找到最正确位置”，可知，it指代该句中的“thearea”,故B项正确。8 .答案与解析：C考查推理的能力。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据而 携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类 要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走，故C项正确。H.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会研究发现幸福感会随年龄增长而增加【语篇解读】本文主要讨论人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担忧。1 .答案与解析：D 考查上下文衔接设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空前一句说了研究团队关于

35、压 力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段，所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。应选D。2 .答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。该空前一句说的是随着年龄变大，男人和女人有相似的情绪模 式，所以此处应接着说基于男女比照的研究发现。应选G。3 .答案与解析：A 考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首。根据后面的解释（一个理论认为，人变老时会变 得对他们所拥有的事物更加感激，而且能更好地控制情绪）可知，A项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？ ”符合语境。应选Ao4 .答案与解析：E考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可知，人们到了 80多岁的时候， 睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个好处。应

36、选E。5 .答案与解析：F考查上下文衔接。前一句说，有个流行的观点认为，随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题 应该增加。而空后“But”表转折，故可推知此空和前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关。应选F。in .语法填空语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会文化艺术第二届外国人在中国短视频大赛【语篇解读】本文介绍了第二届外国人在中国短视频大赛，该比赛吸引了来自10。多个国家和地区的40多万参赛作品，最后有2 673个作品进入决赛。1 .答案与解析:highlighting考查现在分词。动词saw为谓语，故此处应为非谓语,competition与highlight 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。

37、2 .答案与解析：Sponsored 考查过去分词。句子的主语the competition与动词sponsor之间为逻辑上 的动宾关系，故用过去分词。3 .答案与解析：and 考查连词。根据语境可知，my favorite Chinese city与“discovering China from outside its borders”之间为并列关系，故填and。4 .答案与解析：different考查词形转换。修饰名词fields需要用所给词的形容词形式，故填different。5 .答案与解析：communication 考查词形转换。空前为名词，as well as连接并列成分，故用

38、communication o6 .答案与解析：were chosen考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境判断此处表示发生在过去的动作， 且videos与动词choose之间为被动关系，主语为复数形式，所以填were choseno7 .答案与解析：praised考查时态。根据语境可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，故空处用一般过去 时。8 .答案与解析：that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰elements并在 句中作主语,故填that/which。9 .答案与解析：exchanges考查名词复数。exchange作“交流”讲时可作可数名词，其前缺少冠词， 故用名词复数表示泛指。10 .答案与解析：in考查介词。表示用某种语言写常用介词in。