2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点8--推理判断之写作手法--练高考--心中有数（学生版）.docx

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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点8.推理判断之写作手沫一练高考.心中有数1.D【2021.北京卷】Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Todays state-of-the-art a

2、tomic （原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology? What if we allow

3、ed environmental conditions to set the tempo （节奏）of human life? Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate （调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,

4、 I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We*re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local an

5、d global environmental changes. Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers bot

6、h short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. Its a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （时间框架）,and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live

7、in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural socie

8、ties also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, peoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeepin

9、g systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time *s most noticeable qualities： Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its pu

10、rpose.32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to.A. present an assumptionB. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experimentD. introduce an approach2.12020全国新课标III】We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deepe

11、r into our genes （基因），they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.O

12、n Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands i

13、n Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts （支柱） in coastal waters. They are simply a stranger to the land/* said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado f

14、irst met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. nWe were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders/ Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In2

15、01, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier fbr them, it seemed like the perfect chance fbr natural selection

16、to act on a population/ said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.299 32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings o

17、f human origin.D. Significance of food selection.3.D【2019天津】Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by hea

18、ven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote （堂吉诃德）.And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and

19、 creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing becaus

20、e they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we a

21、re willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills We learn to bear with the things wecant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that tro

22、ubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos （自我），whether to lo

23、ved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.Many of us equate （视等同于）“commitment with such caring“ occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving

24、a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned life*s most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show thatA. loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalmisery ins

25、pires a man to fight against his fateC. disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of successWhat does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End ones struggle for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.52. What

26、could be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.53. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5 ?A.

27、A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pity.C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.54. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To st

28、ress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.4.B【2018天津卷】When I was 17,1 read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolori

29、st named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, nDo you have the address? nNo, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. nOh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free.

30、 We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.May I help you? a man asked. No, I said. HWe*re fine. Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the

31、hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的），keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. Where do you think you are? he asked. I turned sharply. nThe McNay Art Museum!1 He smiled, shaking his head. nSorry, the Mc

32、Nay is on New Braunfels Street. Whats this place? I asked, still confused. nWell, its our home.” My heart jolted（震颤）. I raced to the staircase and called out, HSally! Come down immediately!”Theres some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there.1 She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the fron

33、t door, waving at the family, saying, nSorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.1 Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the

34、 whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. nExcuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?,1Yes. But how do you know? We never

35、 told anyone.1“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Fve always wanted to thank you.”Why did the author de

36、scribe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.5. 2012全国卷 I , DGrown-u

37、ps are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away

38、. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star* or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning,

39、which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to lis

40、ten to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star1* and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables（乘法 口 诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,

41、 because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on

42、 the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.68.The author explains the law of over learning by.A. presenting research findingssetting down general rulesB. making a comparisonusing examples