2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点7--推理判断之写作目的--练高考--心中有数（学生版）.docx

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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点7.推理判断之写作目的一练高考一心中有数1.B【2022新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula （芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken

2、in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, food waste goes against the moral grain J as Elizabeth Royte writes in this mo

3、nths cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to g

4、row it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my

5、 arugula story all the time - but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations

6、 and collecting blemished （有 瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether

7、by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat J Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C.

8、We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.C. Energy shortage.6. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.7. What does Curtin sugg

9、est people do?A. Buy only what is needed.C. Go shopping once a week.2.CB. Environmental harm.D. Worldwide starvation.8. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.8. Reduce food consumption.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【2021 英语全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up o

10、ur home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Tha

11、mes, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .1 loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying

12、 a certain trick on the beam（横杆），I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good

13、skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. Fve traveled back several times since

14、, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving （穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a railthin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded （滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. H

15、e seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. I was a local here 20 years ago J I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. Safe, man. Safe.“Yeah J I said. Sa能”10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A. To join t

16、he skateboarding.B . To make new friends.C. To learn more tricks.D. To relive his childhood days3.C【2021 全国高考乙卷】Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans - between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist

17、 Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called StrawpocalypseJ a pair of 1 O-foot-tall plastic waves,

18、 frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（

19、来源）of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the

20、drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate （说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled Truckload of Plastic,“ Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more tha

21、n 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped （倾倒） from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 28. What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives i

22、n.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To

23、 find a substitute for them.4.D【2021 全国新高考I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的）intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character

24、, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills tha

25、t can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral per

26、son.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by employ

27、ers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emoti

28、onal intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （视角）from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelli

29、gence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.33. Why does the author mention doctor and “cheater“ in paragraph 2?A.To explain arule.B.To clarify aconcept.C.To present afact.D.To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of

30、emotional intelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.5.D【2021 .全国新高考n卷】An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that*s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is fac

31、ing a labor shortage.Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze

32、 the video to determine whether a cow is sick.Radio tags （标签）on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture （质地）of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nu

33、trition puiposes.Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, its increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn*t bel

34、ieve a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cat

35、tle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemens Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote place

36、s and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?A. He wants to help them earn a living.B. He thinks men can do the job better.C. He is inexperienced in using robots.D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.6.D【2021 .北京卷】Early fift

37、h-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Todays state-of-the-art atomic （原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced ph

38、ysics cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo （节奏）of human life?

39、 Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate （调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thafs connected

40、 to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. Were now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. Weve programmed it to match an a

41、tomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynami

42、cs. Its a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in r

43、elation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical

44、Greece, for instance, peoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.

45、When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of times most noticeable qualities： Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly

46、to.A. present an assumptionB. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experimentD. introduce an approach7. C【2020.全国新高考I山东卷】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracte

47、d to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karak

48、alpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha

49、, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼）follo