2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点7--推理判断之写作目的--练高考--心中有数（教师版）.docx

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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点7.推理判断之写作目的一练高考一心中有数1.B【2022新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula （芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken

2、in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, food waste goes against the moral grain J as Elizabeth Royte writes in this mo

3、nths cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to g

4、row it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my

5、 arugula story all the time - but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations

6、 and collecting blemished （有 瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether

7、by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat J Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C.

8、We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.C. Energy shortage.6. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.7. What does Curtin sugg

9、est people do?A. Buy only what is needed.C. Go shopping once a week.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.AB. Environmental harm.D. Worldwide starvation.8. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.8. Reduce food consumption.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物

10、浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席 执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。you are at this moment.51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to.A. propose a definitionmake a comparisonC reach a conclusionD. present an argument【答案】51. D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容 After years of observing human nature, I have d

11、ecided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区

12、别在于好奇心和 不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。应选D。10. D【2020江苏卷】I was in the middle of the Amazon （亚马逊）with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not en

13、tirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one per

14、fect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field

15、and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe （敬 畏）at the possibilities that exis

16、ted in his world. In Juans world, each village could have its own moon. In Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things l

17、eft to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juans question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I

18、am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant （无知的）are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles a

19、bout new species, new monkey, new spider., and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fi

20、ll and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the storie

21、s of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the

22、 point of exhaustion （穷 尽），and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to th

23、ink that insects were the smallest organisms （生物），and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.68. What was the authors initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A. To sort out what we have known.B T

24、o deepen his research into Amazonians.C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.D. To learn more about local cultures.【答案】68. A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感 到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程 中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类的，还有很多是人类未知的。68. 推理判断题。根据第七段力 began collecting newspaper artic

25、les about new species, new spider.,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species .I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.“可知， 我开始收集 报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。

26、我开始用第二个抽 屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种.我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个 抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。应选A项。69. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.（像我们 大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”及But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too muc

27、h; could have made six salads with what I threw out.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻 菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）“可推知，作者想通 过讲述芝麻菜的故事来说明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。应选BoB 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem

28、. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪 费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如 果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”）“可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一 个后果是对环境的危害。应选B。70. D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Cent

29、ral Kitchen in Washington. DC, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的）produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and fre

30、eze or dry them for use in meals down the road.（科廷是华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵 的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否那么这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、 切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用广可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。 应选D。71. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing mo

31、re food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat J Curtin says.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物， 还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，“科廷说）”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来防止浪费食物。应选 Ao2.C【2021.英语全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived a

32、t Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateb

33、oarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing J loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cooL It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆），I fel

34、l onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thafs what mattered-landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved

35、 to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. Fve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The

36、 day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving （穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a railthin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded （滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next t

37、o him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. I was a local here 20 years ago J I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. Safe, man. Safe.“Yeah J I said. “Sa能Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A. To join the skateboarding.B. To make new friends.C

38、. To learn more tricks.D. To relive his childhood days【答案】1。.D【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的 地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己 的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。10.推理判断题。根据第四段T was a local here 20 years ago/ I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. Safe, man.

39、 Safe.（我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！“广 可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，应选D。3.C【2021 .全国高考乙卷】Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans - between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin

40、 Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “StrawpocalypseJ a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen m

41、id-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of pla

42、stic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is

43、gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate （说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled Truckload of Plastic,“ Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000

44、pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped （彳顷彳到） from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28. What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Int

45、roducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a

46、substitute for them.【答案】28. C29. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作 品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高 人们的环保意识。28 .推理判断题。根据第一段But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin

47、Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.（但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别 吗？艺术家本杰明冯王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑， 迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。户可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们

48、重新 审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。应选C 项。29 .推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small

49、 size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thafs part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used fbr only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染 源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回 收利用。冯,王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要儿个世 纪才能消失。广可知，吸管由于体积小，重量