2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲 阅读理解主旨大意题（测）（全国通用原卷版）.docx

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1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题（测）时间：45分钟总分值：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2018,上海高考真题）Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money thats not tied to a specific bank-or a specific country-is appealing to many. But its worth remembering that t

2、he banking system that we now all live with is just that： A modem invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past, money*s makeup varied f

3、rom place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the worlds first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （4艮金矿）,objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. I

4、n West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the

5、 colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency-and some people there are even hoarding （贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, t

6、he most-populated island that*s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange fbr goods.How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get fbr your shells depends on their color and shape,n Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. nOne strip of darker she

7、lls might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.”Just like a mint that creates coins, theres only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together

8、 to form 3-fdot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned （困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themse

9、lves, and so the shell currency was bom.Using shells fbr money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of mo

10、ney, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we*ve assigned value to一and probably less durable over time tha

11、n those shells.1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of worlds first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for

12、money has been out of date in the world.2. The word mint in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to. A. a kind of money that can exchangethe leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedB. a place to produce and polish shellsa factory that produces currency3. What*s opinion of the author towards she

13、lls fbr money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinShells Still MoneyB. The Currency Is of Great Use D. Some ShellsB（2021 浙江高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures tha

14、t wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩）use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchange

15、s.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.“Thats whats so amazing ab

16、out chimp gestures/ she said. Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animafs call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messa

17、ges. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:*1 Climb on me.n The youngster immediately

18、jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. nThe big message from this study is that there is another species （物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so thafs not unique to humans J said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Ma

19、nchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing.The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of

20、the information contained in their gestures and actions/ she said. nMoreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. n 5 . What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A. Memorizing specific words

21、.B. Understanding complex information.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.6. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D. It

22、 was a failure but the methods deserved praise.7. What does the underlined word gulf in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.8. Which of the following is the best title fbr the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzees developed

23、specific communication skills C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translatedC（2017全国高考真题）Cloud computing will be in use by about 80 percent of about 600 companies. The trend suggests that data management and storage are moving to

24、cloud computing sellers on a large scale.Touting（兜售）cloud computing as a way to get rid of the costs of buying and maintain in on-site information-technology equipment, sellers offer it in the form of Software As A. Service（SAAS）, a delivery model in which software applications are delivered to cust

25、omers over a web-based network. SAAS can serve the needs of entire companies through huge, web-based platforms. As cloud computing rapidly becomes the delivery channel fbr software developers of all shapes and sizes to get their products to market, offering applications in a cloud is now the rule no

26、t the exception. A. relatively small number of sellers are able to offer SAAS to big companies that want company-wide cloud computing, and only the sellers need apply. Although market-share data are hard to come by, the list of companys large enough to offer cloud-computing on this scale is short: M

27、icrosoft, Amazon, Google, Salesforce, Rackspace and not many others.The concentration of data and virtual （虚拟）computing in the hands of relatively few sellers raises an important risk fbr their customers if the Internet-based systems of any one seller are hacked, the result could be security problem

28、s across entire industries in which their customers doCan this small group of cloud-computing sellers effectively respond to the needs of their customers to quickly fix such a problem and, most importantly, cut off the damage to these companies own customers? Don*t think such things can*t happen. If

29、 hackers can penetrate the Department of Defense, the risk that they will penetrate Microsoft or google cannot be ruled out Compromise of just one of these sellers-even one with a modest market share-possibly could shut down, at least temporarily, a sizable part of the U. S. economy.9. What can clou

30、d computing do?A. Reduce the cost of computers.B. Provide software service.C Market various products.D. Help companies design websites.10. What do we know about cloud computing?A. It works under SAAS.8. It covers a large part of market-share.C Most companies can provide it.D. Most sellers apply for

31、it.11. Why is the Department of Defense mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To warn people of the hackers1 power.B. To show relationship between it and microsoft.C. To give an example of the countrys loss.D. To present the real picture of the U.S.economy.12. What might be the best title for the text?

32、A. The Unthinkable risks of the cloud.B. Cloud Computing and Smart Sellers.C. SAAS and changing Companies.D. The Cloud Computing Age.D（2012辽宁高考真题）If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a

33、 strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It!s nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that

34、Americans donft care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government

35、has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history andphilosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wis

36、dom to make up for the drawbacks（缺陷）of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about

37、 Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As fbr the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in t

38、he West, even if his birthday is.13. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to.A. provide some key facts about Confuciusattract the readers* interest in the subject C show great respect fbr the ancient thinker D. prove the popularity of modem birthday celebrations14. We can learn from Paragraph 4

39、that American students.A. have a great interest in studying Chinesetake an active part in Chinese competitionsB. try to get high scores in Chinese examsfight fbr a chance to learn Chinese15. . What is the best title fbr the passage?A. Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaHuge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC , C

40、hinese Culture for WesternersD. Old Thinker w汕 a Big Future16. The passage is likely to appear in.A. a personal biographyB. a history paperC , a cultural newspaperD. a philosophy textbookE（2020全国高考真题）When Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited an

41、imal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fbr not using real apes （猿）!”The creative team behind Apes used

42、 motion-capture （动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）. In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet Apes is more exception th

43、an the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants J The Hangover Part a

44、nd Zookeeper,“ have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. An

45、d there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.17. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A. To see famous film stars.B , To oppose wearing fur coats.B. To raise money fbr animal pro

46、tection.C. To express thanks to some filmmakers. 18 . What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making Apes.”B. The creation of digitalized apes.C. The publicity about “Apes.” D. The perfbmiance of real apes.19. What does the underlined phrase keeping tabs on in paragraph 3 probably mea

47、n?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.F（2020,全国高考真题）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes （基因）,they are finding examples of human evolution i

48、n just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers re

49、ported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent