初一英语语法要点.docx

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1、课时一教学任务一、重点语法1.动词be (am,is,are)的用法:be动词包括am, is, are三种形式。第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：lam+ 第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+.第三人称单数(He or She o门t)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +人称复数(we/you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7,They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀：我(I)用am,你(

2、you)用are, is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否认,更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。一.用括号中适当的词填空。1.1 (am, are, is) from Australia.3. Jane and Tom (am, is, are) my friends.5. (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?7. There (be) some glasses on it.一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.1 a b

3、oy. you a boy? No, I not.3. The dog tall and fat.5. your brother in the classroom?7. How your father?9. Whose dress this?11. That my red skirt.13.The jeans on the desk.15. Here some sweaters for you.17. This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.19. Some tea in the glass.2. She (am, are, is) a student.4. My

4、parents (am, is, are) very busy every day.6. (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?8. If he (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.2. The girl Jacks sister.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.6. Where your mother? She at home.8. Mike and Liu Tao at school.10. Whose socks they?12. W

5、ho I?14.Here a scarf for you.16. The black gloves for Su Yang.18. The two cups of milk for me.20. Gao shans shirt over there.第二课时(1)英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示我、你、他、她、它、“我们、你们、他们的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变 化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称1meweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithim herittheythem人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a

6、 teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。数单数复数人称第一第二第二第一第二人称第二类别人称人称人称人称人称形容词性物主 代词myyourhisheritsyourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourst

7、heirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/theirj+名词而名词性物主代词那么相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如:5 .foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an.difficult questions they are! I cant answer them. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7.1 miss my fri

8、end very much. I want to see her! A. How B. How an C. What D. What anvely weather we are having these days! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9.beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How an C. What D. What annteresting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 三、所给句子填空,使填空句变

9、为相应的感叹句：1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句） the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句） the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句） dictionary it is! dictionary is!5. The students are listenin

10、g very carefully.the students are listening!课时九反身代词数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词 I you He/she/it we you they反身代词 myself yourself Himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves另外，one的反身代词为oneself一.选择。1. Those girls enjoyed in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. hersel

11、fHelp to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves2. The film is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its-Who teaches math? -I teach. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself3. The father will make a bike. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she,

12、herselfThe scarf is, she made it. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself4. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than. A. her B. she C. hers D. herselfLuckily, he didnt hurt terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they9.1 cant mend my shoe.

13、Can you mend it for? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10.1 like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself课时九形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相互比拟时，我们要用形容词或副词的比拟级；当相互比拟的物体是三个或三个以上时，我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级的变化规律：1 .单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er 或-est:talltallertallestfastfasterfastest.以-e结尾的单音节形

14、容词或副词直接加-r或-st: largelargerlargest nicenicernicest2 .以-y 结尾的形容词或副词，改-y 为-i 再加-er 或-est: busybusierbusiest earlyearlierearliest.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加er或.esthothotterhottest bigbiggerbiggest.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或mostdeliciousmore deliciousmost delicious beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful.不规那么变化g

15、ood (well)betterbest bad (badly)worseworstmany(much)-more-most little-less-least.特殊变化：原级比拟级最局级goo/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly （坏地）worseworstlittlelessleastoldOlder (年龄)/elder(辈份)oldest/ eldestfarfarther 距离/further （深奥的）farthest/ furthestn.形容词比拟级的用法：表示两者(人或物)的比拟。1.比拟级+than从句表示两者比拟(A

16、.比拟级+than B ).他比我高。He is(tall) than me.他的头发比我的短。His hair is(short) than . He has(short) hair than .(3). Tom 比我胖。Tom is(fat) than me.谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是 Lily? Who runs, Lucy or Lily?.英语比语文重要。English is(important) than Chinese.我来的比你晚。I come(late) than you.他比你小 2 岁。Hes 2 years than you.2 .表示两者相等用，as+形容词原级+比拟

17、对象:(Aas原级B)他和我一样高。 He is as(tall) as l/me.英语比语文重要。Englishi?as(important) as Chinese.他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is mine.他学习和你一样努力。He works hard you.3 .表示不如，不相等，时，用not+as/so+形容词原级+as+比拟对象。他没我高。He is(tall) as me.今天没有昨天暖和。Today is(warm) yesterday.=Yesterday than today.他昨天来得没有我早。He come early as I(did) yester

18、day.比拟级前可用much / a lot/far(得多),a little (稍微)zstill, no, even (甚至),any等表示程度； 形容词、副词前如有：very, too, quite (非常),rather (相当)等修饰，一般用原级。 比拟： He is much( well) today. Its much(expensive).He is very (well) today. Its too (expensive) 4 .比拟级+and+比拟级表示越来越天气越来越冷 了。Its getting and(cold) 5. The+比拟级，the+比拟级表示越，就越 越

19、多越好 The, the. 6.用twice等表示倍数的词+ as +原级+ as.表示甲是乙的几倍。这间房是那间房的两倍。This room is as big as that one.m.形容词最高级的用法：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比拟，其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the,后面通常带of (in) 短语来说明比拟的范围(of后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in表示时间或空间范围)。在我们班上他最高。He is(tall) our class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is(young) the three students. 一.出以下单词的比拟级l.tal

20、l 2.quiet 3.funny 4.heavy 5.thin 6.big 7.outgoing8.wild9.little10.good11.bad12.many选择填电1. Which does Jimmy like, Chinese or Art? A. well B. best C. better D. muchThe Changjiang River is one of in the world.A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer riversThe box is than I

21、 wanted. A. biger B. the biger C. bigger D. the bigger2. My mooncake is nicer his. A. like B. with C. for D. thanYou are fatter than. A. heB. his C. him D. he is tall3. He jumps of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthestMy hair is longer than . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D. Luc

22、ys4. There are paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a littleThe pen is than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper lO.Tom speaks Chinese better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much ll.There are girls in Class Two than in Class Four. A. mo

23、re B. nicest C. most D. best 12.Its too for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest 13.Who has apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most14 .You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your

24、.Tingting is than Meimei, but Meimei is than Tingting.A. all, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger.Mother is in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy15 .There are in the park on Sunday.A. more children B. a lot of people C. much men and women D. man

25、y peoples 18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a one?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest.No one is Mary in the class. A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as19 . This bike is than that one.A. twenty yuan dear B. twenty yuan dearer C. dear

26、 twenty yuan D. dearer twenty yuan二、用所给词的适当形式填空1 .Your classroom is (wide) and (bright) than ours.2 .There are (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer.3 .Which do you like (well), maths or chemistry?4 .This is the (good) film I have ever seen.5 .Africa is the second (large) continent.

27、6 .What he said made his mother much (angry).7 .Km not as (careful) as he.8 .Weve got as (many) books as we need.9 .Practice as (much) as you can.10 .They have done (much) work with (little) money.11 .Youre the(kind) person Ive ever met.12 .He is (young) than his two sisters.13 .The (old) I get, the

28、 (strong) I seem to feel.14 .The weather is getting(warm) and (warm).15 .Summer is(hot) season of the year.课时十一般过去时态L定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能是一次性，也可能经常发生。2 .结构：如果动词是Be动词(was/were) ,构成主系表的结构。即：主语+系动词(was/were) +表语She was a teacher last year, but now she is a housewife. They were late for school ye

29、sterday.如果动词是实义动词或除be动词以外的其它连系动词，需要将句中的动词变为过去时，结构如下 即：主语+谓语动词(过去时)+宾语We lived in Chongqing last year. I got up late, so I missed the first bus.He fell asleep just now. He left for Shanghai an hour ago.3 .动词过去式的构成：(1)规那么动词的过去式，过去分词的构成：规那么/类别1动词原形过去式过去分词一般情况加-edhelp, look, work, talkhelped, looked, wo

30、rked, talkedhelped, looked, worked, talked词尾为不发音的字母e时，直接加dlike, live, love, moveliked, lived, loved, movedliked, lived, loved, moved词尾为辅音字母+y时，变y为i,再加-edtry study crytried, studied, criedtried, studied, cried以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字 母,双写词尾辅音字母后加edplan, stop . nod , chatplanned, stopped . noddedchattedpla

31、nned, stopped . nodded chatted特别提示：_L在清辅音后读/t /如：helped stopped2.在元音或辅音后读/ d /如：stayed agreed3.在辅音 / t /, /d /后读 / id / 如：wanted needed（2）不规那么动词变化表：（原形玲过去式玲过去分词）be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowb

32、lewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsold

33、dodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunk sunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmel

34、lsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurt

35、hurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrown.用法及时间状语：knowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain1表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时;时间状语有：at (eight) (y

36、esterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的 时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6： 00 this morning. Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.2表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时，时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等),in (1998等)。如：He came to our cit

37、y in the year 2000.(他 2000 年来到我们市)3 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last., in., from.to.z for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never 等。如： Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.4讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时，而且经常

38、省略时间状语。如：happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 表示过去将要发生的动作。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。We would turn to him for help when we were in trouble. He would let me know when he got information.He promised to give me a dress when he came back next week.选择填空()1. Lee his mobile phone at home

39、. A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left()2.he a good rest? No, he didnt. A. Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had()3. As soon as he, he to his family. A. arrived, writes B. arrived, written C. arrived, wrote D. arriveds, write()4. Mr. Black was late because he his way. A. losted B. lose C. los

40、es D. lost()5. When Lee school this morning? A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got()6. Will you please say it again? I quite you. A. didnt, hear B. don/t, heard C. didnt, heard D. dont, hear()7.you at six oclock yesterday? A. Do ,get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up()8.

41、What did you see? A. now B. every day C. these days D. just now()9.He went into the room and the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked()10. What you last week? I bought a bag.A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought()11. he his lunch? Yes, he did. A. Does ,has B. Does, have C. Did,

42、 have D. Did, had()12.Did the thieves into the car? No, they.A. fell, didnt B. fall(落下)，did C. jump (跳),didnt D. jump, did()13. -When did May come back from Hong Kong? -She _ from Hong Kong last Friday.A. come back B. comes back C. returned back D. came back()14.she this dictionary in the bookshop n

43、earby last week?A. Did, buy B. Does, buy C. Did, bought D. Does, buys()15. He to the station this morning and was for the train.A. hurry, in time B. hurries, on time C. hurried, in time D. hurried, at time()16. Where Uncle Sun yesterday? A. was B. were C. did D. does()17. Have you seen him today? Ye

44、s, I him this morning. A. seeing B. see C. sees D. saw()18. He worried when he heard the news. A. is B. was C. does D. did()19. There a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday?A. is B. are C. was D. were()20. Liu Fengwei three yuan for the lost library book. A. paid B. pay C. spent D. lost()2

45、1. He in this school in 1958. A. taught B. teach C. teaches D. teaching()22. They tired so they stopped a rest. A. are, have B. were, have C. were, to have D. are, having()23. Yesterday I in bed all day because I had a fever. A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lied()24. It was raining hard when he home. A. got B. get C. gets D. was getting()25. She said her brother in Beijing. He to Japan on business last week.A. wasnt, went B. hasnt, went C. wasnt, go D. isnt, went二、写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式goenjoybuyeat getwalktake