2022年哈尔滨信息工程学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年哈尔滨信息工程学院自考英语（二） 练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【2009.10 As for family education, parents are encouraged to rely on ratherthan punishment.A、criticismB intimidationC、persuasionD、scolding【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。【译文】关于家庭教育，鼓励父母们依靠 说服而不是惩罚孩子。A批评、指责B恐吓、威胁C说服、劝服 D责 骂、斥责第2题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Climate scientists are n

2、ot present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research inte

3、rest birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large p

4、ublications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In All thats needed to become one. (paragraph 2) , what does the word one【正确答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代词we在D中

5、才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。第18题【单项选择题】2010.04 We should this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.A、 bearB、putC、placeD、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词汇题。【译文】我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详 细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind或者keep in mind第19题【单项选择题】【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but

6、 have been declining ever since. This is partly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain to

7、day partly because.A、too much energybased on American designsC、they are too costlyD、they are not reliable【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段第二句就是讲的两个原因，即人们的工资水平太低，也就是没 有能力使机器人发挥出创造财富的作用，言卜之意就是本钱高。第二个原因就是 人们逐渐意识到了操纵机器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以应 该选C。10第20题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown before running for the presidency.A

8、、visiblyB、visuallyC、verticallyD、virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人士。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立地 D实际上，事实上第21题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to

9、 die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、Greater probability of having other diseases.C、 Differences in the biology of the cancer.D、Early diagnosis.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later t

10、han whites, 与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。第22题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： How did you live to be 100?Q: The11 five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。题目说的是这五位百岁老人生

11、活在一个非常友好的社 区，文章开头局部提到了community（社区几 但该句并没有说这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第23题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. However,

12、 people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays.B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C、It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dr

13、eam.D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正确答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到“经济独立有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的 妇女有好的工作，增加了单身的人数与前句内容正好呼应。第24题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only.A、aggressionB、advantageC、alternativeD、ambition12【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点

14、；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。第25题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. by carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.A、The stock market had its w

15、orst losses everB、Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heatC、So experts are regularly asked to predict accuratelyD、The article was written in 1958【正确答案】C【答案解析】第一句说的是：预测未来很重要，不能像中学生那样猜测。这一空 的关键词是experts,他们不同于中学生，他们的预测应该是较为准确的。第26题【单项选择题】【概括大意】

16、Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea

17、of this paragraph is.A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older EruptionsC、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD、A Mass Extinction【正确答案】C13答案解析本段第一句话是说:Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes.； Wignall 计算了这些火山的灭绝效率”.；

18、其中 killing efficiency 与 killing Power意思差不多，属于同义词转换，因此选择B或C,但是account for意 思是：（在数量方面）占；说明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不选择B。第27题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： ”How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a v

19、ery friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选Co题目说的是这五位百岁老人生活在一个非常友好的社 区，文章开头局部提到了community（社区），但该句并没有说这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第28题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respec

20、t a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the

21、same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph isA、Impact on School EducationB、A Changed View of IntelligenceC、Main Results of Recent Researches14D、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题使用了同义词替换的选择技巧，段落中主要讲述的是智力

22、本质 的现代简洁必定会对学校教育产生影响(bound to have some effect on our school system.),选项A中只是将名词effect换为impacto第29题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of

23、 elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of.A、industrially polluted soilsB、the element

24、of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思“缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第30题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The acid rain (酸雨)is said to be caused by p

25、ollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.A、The problem, however; is

26、not just a European one.15B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.C、Howevec the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.D、Acid rain is how a familiar problem in t

27、he industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】C【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多的钱，答案转折说到了墨西哥没有 这么多的钱去做。两句之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a part

28、icularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people.A、who

29、are very busy everydayB、who are sick in bedC、who are aged and in good healthD、who have retired from work【正确答案】A(答案解析】此题可采用排除法，第三句话(It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living.),可以看出这三 类人对于怎样度过空闲时光是特别困难的，所以可以排除BCD项，选A。第32题【单项选择题】2009

30、.7 The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well.A、nourishedB、stuffed16C、tamedD、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查过去分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他 们就会很快痊愈。A营养，滋养；B填满，塞满；C驯服（猛兽）；D冒险第33题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and

31、 the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious

32、 diseases is connected with deficiency of.A、industrially polluted soilsB the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的

33、意思“缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第34题【单项选择题】2009.04 When you know Bob better, you will like him.A、go toB、got toC、went toD、get to【正确答案】D17【答案解析】译文：当你更加了解鲍勃时，你将会喜欢他的。试题分析：此题考 查主将从现。回详细解答：根据主将从现的原那么，主句用了一般将来时，时间状 语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。第35题【单项选择题】【2007.04 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its

34、 considerably.A、distributionB、contributionC prescriptionD、circulation【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。circulation：（书报杂志的）销售量，发行额, 销路。符合句意。第36题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. Says Sallie Chishol, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute

35、of Technology. But the take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.A、These are newer and better models,B、 Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.C、Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily.D、As plankton die

36、and settle on the ocean floor; their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.【正确答案】A【答案解析】这个问题可以根据引号来作答，因为空格后面有“says这个词，它 预示着所填入的句子应该是带引号的。A的意思是：这些是比拟新的也是比拟好 的模型。18第37题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may he

37、lp, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB、become happierC、concentrate betterD、look younger【正确答案】C【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。第38题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Americans eat wit

38、h knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only

39、 manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.The topic sentence of this paragraph is.A、

40、Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks.B、Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.C、The way of behaving that differs from country to country.D、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to.【正确答案】C【答案解析】文

41、章的最后一句话是对前面的一个总结，道出了本段的主题。因此19 stands for ?A、a citizen journalistB、a citizen scientistC、a scientistD、a citizen【正确答案】B【答案解析】one不仅是数词也是代词；代词指代的名词或句子一般出现在代词 的前一句，要注意区分代词单、复数。第3题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free

42、 of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of weight as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound

43、.How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?A、1 pound.B、2 pounds.C、3 pounds.D、4 pounds.【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题问的是一磅茶如果被带出离地球外表4000英里的地方，重量 会是多少？ 4000这个数字比拟关键，因为在本段最后一句中出现了这个词，一 看该句 If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from

44、 the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.只是把名词换了一下,很显然答案 就是变成原来重量的四分之一，因此正确答案是A。第4题【单项选择题】选择Co第39题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. That is at least as important a

45、s how much we know.A、 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.B、 He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.C、Every time you meet someone in a social situ

46、ation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.D、 In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代词we在D中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。第40题【单项选择题】【阅读选择Roxaboxen is based on the true story of a group of children, growing up i

47、n the Arizona desert. There children can be a bit wild and much free, and they play outside from dawn to dusk. The children discover the make-believe （虚假的）town, built on the hill across from their neighborhood. The town, called Roxaboxen, becomes the center of their play as the children grow, but th

48、e story is not just about the time spent in Roxaboxen as young children. More than that, this book is about the way that imagination and secret places stay with us as we grow older and become a part of who we are. It is about the way that it helps us to grow into the adults that we become. What does the books name Roxaboxen refer to?A、A child.20B、A library.C、A period of time.D、A place.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。查找细节题o短文本段中明显一句话提到,The town, called Roxaboxen,所以指的是一个地方的名字。第41题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Tod