中考语法形容词副词及比较级、最高级讲解易错题练习.docx

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1、基础义务教育资料形容词副词及比拟级、最高级语法讲解一、基本概念形容词：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，一般放在所修饰的名词前面。副词：是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词；一般用来修饰形容词、动词等。二、基本用法形容词：作定语：放在名词前，不定代词后面；Eg. She is a good student.她是一个好学生.Is there anything interesting in the film 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗2） 作表语：放在系动词之后（be feel look smell sound-）Eg. His idea sounds great.他的主意听起来很棒。3）作宾语补足语

2、：放在宾语之后，常与make keep leave等动词连用。Eg.They keep the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。4）形 容词的名词化定冠词the+（good、rich poor old dead.），表一类人 副词：1、分类：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词（形容词+ly）、程度副词、疑问副词等的用法；2、用法1） 修饰形 容词：verygood,quite expensive 2）修饰动词，放在后面，作状语：laugh happily 3）修饰 其他副词或句子：very quickly, Unluckily, he missed the

3、train.形容词变副词：形容词+ly=副词（friendly、lonely lovely likely daily lively（有 生机的）特殊形容词和副词辨析：.1. sick/ill 2. alone/loneiy 3. hard/hardly 4. -ing形容词和-ed 形容词5. too, also, either 6. much too , too much 7. Sometimesgome times, some time, sometime8. enough 9. how long how soon how often how far 区另U形容词顺序排列：描绘形容词-大小

4、（长短高低）形容词-形状形容词-年龄（新旧）形容词-颜色形容词-国籍形容词-材料形容词-用途（类别）形容词-名词This is a nice （好看的）small （小小的）round （圆形的）new （新的）brown （褐色的） French （法国产的）oak （橡木做的）writing desk （写字台）.形容词副词比拟级和最高级变化规那么：.1、规那么变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er, -est来构成比拟级和最高级。1） 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est: tall taller tallest； great greater greatest2）以不发音的e结尾的单音

5、词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st:nice nicer nicest large larger largest able abler ablest3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er, -est ： Bigbigger biggest; hot hotter hottest4）以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i,再加-er, -est ： busy busier busiest ； easy easier easiest5）少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er, -est clever cleverer cleverest； na

6、rrow6）6）narrower narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词, - more important -在前面加more, most来构成比拟级和最高级。importanteasily2、不规那么变化 原级good/ well bad / ill oldelder, eldesteasily2、不规那么变化 原级good/ well bad / ill oldelder, eldest比拟级better最局级bestworseolder/elderworstoldest/eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。much/many little far* farther,moreles

7、smostleastfarther/further farthest/furthestfurther.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，furthermost important ； easily -more easily - most表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.比拟级和最高级常见句型1、比拟级形容词：A + am / are / is + 形比 + than + B.I am taller than you. Pasta is more delicious than pizza. 副词： A +行为动词+副比+ than +

8、B.Cheetahs run faster than goats. He studies better than me. 2、最高级2） A + am / are / is + the + 形最高级 + I am the tallest in the class.three.3） A +行为动词+副词最高级+比拟范围 Cheetahs run fastest in the world.比拟范围（of +人/物，in +地方）.Pasta is the most delicious food of the （of +人/物，in +地方）.It is the largest island in

9、Europe.易错点：1）要防止重复使用比拟级。（错） He is more cleverer than his brother.（对）He is more clever than his brother.（对）He is clever than his brother.2）要防止将主语含在比拟对象中。（错） China is larger than any country in Asia.（对）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.（错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对） To

10、m is the tallest of the three brothers.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原那么。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比拟：Which is large, Canada or AustraliaWhich is the larger country, Canada or AustraliaShe is taller than

11、 her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.比拟级拓展句型：1. 在which., or.句中, 表示两者比拟:Which is bigger, the sun or the moon比拟级+and+比拟级，越来越：Its getting darker and darker. He is getting more and more interested in sports.2. The more. . , the more.：越*就越*:The more you eat, the more you want.The busier

12、he is, the happier he feels.3. more than : He read more than ten books last term.上学期他看了十几本书。4. 形容词比拟级前可受用 much, far, a lot, still, no, a little, even, any 修饰， 表示超出的程度：We have a much better life now. 我们现在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here. 伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。This story is even more

13、interesting than that one. 这个故事比那个更有趣。1 made a lot more mistakes than you （did）. 我犯的错误比你多多了。My sister is two years younger than me.我妹妹比我小两岁。You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高一寸。最高级拓展句型：2 .形容词最高级前面Its second largest city is Osaka.它的第二大城市是大阪。The third largest city is Los Angeles.第三大城市是洛杉矶She was b

14、y far the most active member in our group.她是我们小组最积极的成员。3 .形容词最高级短语She is ten years old at most. 她至多十岁。We 11 do our best.我们将尽力而为。形容词副词及比拟级、最高级易错题练习一.用所给单词或汉语提示填空walks(slow) than me.do you think of Tom s speaking -No one does(good) in our class. Scott was worried about both of her sons, especially her

15、(young) one. (生病的)boy was seen to walk in the garden just now.was with the journey to Yunnan, (please)二.单项选择()1. In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money during the SpringFestival.A. finallyB. luckilyC. simplyD.especially() will your father be backIn two months.A. How longB. How soonC. How o

16、ftenD. Howmany() shop owner suddenly stopped talking with his mouth like a big 0” .It was President!A. tight closed widely openB. tightly closedC. wide openD.)a clear blue sky it is !一Yes. I have never seen sky.A. a more beautifulB. a most beautifulC. the more beautifulC. the more beautifulD. the mo

17、st beautiful()5. Peter speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not a local speakerin China.A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than()6. He said he would come to see us the next afternoon.A. sometimeB. some timeC. sometimesD. sometimes() students, please read ever

18、y sentence carefully.you are,mistakes you 11 make.A. The more carefully, the fewerB. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the lessD. The more careful, thef ewer ()8. Mrs. Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people.A. friendlyB. lovelyC. happilyD.lively ()9. China is developing of a

19、ll the countries in the world.A. fastB. fasterC. fastestD.the most fast ()10. -The electric fan can blow away the terrible smell in the room,can it-It s hard to say, but you may have a try.A. easilyB. hardlyC. quicklyD. finally()11. She is interested in physics. She often works at it untilinto the n

20、ight.A. deeply, deep B. deep, deepC. deep, deeply D. deeply,deeply()12. 一一The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow.一That s why Premier Li Keqiang asks operator(运营商 )to provide Internet.A. many cheaper and quickerB. very cheaper and quickerC. more cheaper and quickerD. much c

21、heaper and quicker()13. The park is far away from here indeed. IV s about a walk.A. three-hourshour shours()s really to see such an film.A. interesting; amazing; amazed;amazing;amazed() program is a TV show so you can call the TV station directly to votefor your favorite singer. A. alive() do you li

22、ke the book一一Very useful. Community safety is introduced in it.A.probably() little wine willnot be toyour health. Just don t drink too much.A.helpful() is a thoughtful and organized girl.一一Yes. I think she is plan everything well. A. talentedenough totalented totalented thata talented girl that() di

23、d you go on holiday this winter France一一You are. We went on a seven-day tour to London.A. funny () math exam is coming!一 Yes, our teacher tells us we cah t be careful while taking exams.A. too() dislike music that I can t sing along with.-Me,.A. none() has little money that he can, t even afford to

24、buy little sheep.A. so; so; such; such; so() you think the weather today is suitable for an outgoing一It will be fine and sunny, with a few drops of rain in the afternoon.A. most() old lady feels bad at the moment because she was caught in therain just now.A.terribly; heavy; heavily; heavy ; heavily(

25、) afternoon I left my key in the shop before I went back home, but Ican t find it now.A.somewhere; anywhere; everywhere;everywhere; anywhere参考答案及解析一.填空.答案:more slowly解析：因为所填词修饰动词walks,所以用副词slowly;有时标词than,可知用比拟级；以ly结尾的副词的比拟级为more+副词，所以答案为more slowly.1 .答案：better解析：固定句型：否认词+比拟级=最高级，no one does better

26、=Tom does best.没有人比 他做得更好了”就是“他做的最好”的意思。2 .答案：younger解析：根据标志词both of her sons可知Mrs. Scotts有两个孩子，这里的意思是她的“小 儿子”，两者中比拟小的，用比拟级，所以填younger。3 .答案：sick解析:此题容易错填ill.辨析ill和sick的不同:表示“生病的，ill放在系动词（如be） 后面，sick放在名词前系动词后；ill表示“邪恶的，坏的”可以放在名词前。此题放在名 词boy前，又表示“生病的”，所以只能用sick.4 .答案：pleased; pleasing/pleasant解析:ed结

27、尾的形容词修饰人，ing结尾的形容词修饰物。第一个空说每个人是满意的，用 pleased,第二个空说是令人满意的旅程,用pleasing/pleasant.同时积累词组：be pleased with.对满意。二.单项选择L答案:D解析:副词词义辨析。finally最后；luckily幸运地；simply简单地;especially尤其, 特别地。根据句意“在中国，给孩子压岁钱是一种习俗，在春节的时候J可知填 especially尤其”最为恰当。2 .答案:B解析:副词词组辨析。How long多长，问距离和时间段;How soon多久之后，用于将来时， 答句固定为in+时间段，表示时间之后；

28、How often多久一次，问频率，答句常为“once a week”之类;How many多少个，问数量。根据答句in+two months可知填How soon.3 .答案:C解析:wide和widely辨析。wide形容词或副词，表示“宽的（地）”；widely副词，表示“广 泛地二根据句意“店主突然停止讲话，同时嘴巴 像个0形。竟然是总统！工可知店主很惊讶，所以应该是嘴巴张大成0形，所以排除A、B; C、D中的open均为形容词“（嘴 巴、眼睛等）睁着的”的意思，所以可以用wide/widely副词来修饰，因为wide才表示“宽 地”的意思，所以用wide。积累搭配:with one

29、s mouth wide open,嘴巴张得大大的。4. 答案:A解析:固定结构:否认词+a +比拟级+n.二最高级+n。所以“never +a +more beautiful+sky=the most beautiful sky”。“天空多蓝啊!”“是啊，这是我见过的最蓝的天空”。5 .答案:A解析：所填的词修饰speak Chinese,所以用副词fluently流利地。所以排除B、C,又因为 D本身就是错误结构，比拟级应为more fluently than,所以也排除。所以“ not so. . as. 不如.”符合结构，翻译为Peter的中文说得确实很棒，但是当然不如当地的中国人说得

30、 流利”。6 .答案:A解析：关于time的词组辨析。Sometime某个时候；some time 一段时间；sometimes有时 候；some times几次，根据句意“他说他明天下午的某个时候来看我们”可知用sometime. 7.答案:D解析：固定句型:the+比拟级，the+比拟级“越就越 ”.这个句型类似于倒装，应该是 you are more careful and you 11 make fewer mistakes,所以第 1 个空填the more careful,第二个空填 the fewer.8 .答案:C解析：考查ly结尾的形容词。ABD虽然都是ly结尾的形容词，只有

31、happily是副词，“高兴 地”，空中要填的词是用来修饰动词smile的，所以用副词happily修饰。“他总是高兴地冲 着人们微笑”。9 .答案:C解析：因为句中有of all the countries in the world这一个大的范围，可知用最高级， 又因为fast的最高级为fastest,所以选Co注意这里的fast是副词，修饰动词develop, 副词最高级前的the可以省略。10 .答案:B解析:此题看似考查副词辨析，关键点却在于反义疑问句。根据反义疑问句的“前肯后否、前否后 肯”原那么，can it代表前半句应为否认句，句中没有否认词，所以只能填hardly “几乎不”

32、这个否认意义的词来否认句子，所以选hardly.11 .答案:A解析：此题考查deep和deeply的区别。Deeply形容（情感上）深深地，如he is deeply moved他被深深打动；deep形容（深度上）深地”，如he dig deep a pit.他挖了一个深 坑。根据题意，第一个空is deeply interested in对.深深地感兴趣，形容情感上的。 Deep into the night形容深夜，是深度上，也可当做固定搭配记。12 .答案:D解析:此题其实十分简单。只有“a lot, far, much; a little, a bit; even; any”可以修

33、饰比拟级，所以只能选D.13 .答案:D解析：此题容易错选C。但是注意题目中有 a.而“三小时的步行路程” a three-hour walk=three hours walk,所以只能选 D.14 .答案:A解析：首先ing结尾的形容词修饰物、事情;ed结尾的修饰人；第二个空所填词修饰film, 所以填amazing令人赞叹的;句中的it指代的是to do不定式，也就是说正常的语序为“to see such an amazing film is really 2-因为所填的词修饰“看电影”这件事，所以也 要填ing结尾的形容词，即interesting.15 .答案:C解析：考查词形相近的词

34、的词义辨析。Alive活着的；lively生动的，活泼的；live直播 的；living居住的。根据题意“这个节目是一个 表演，所以你可以直接直接给电视台打 投票支持自己喜欢的歌手”，填“直播的”最合适。16 .答案:D解析：副词词义辨析。Probably可能，也许；naturally自然地;usually通常地;specially 专门地。根据题意“一你觉得这本书怎么样一很有用。书里 介绍了社区的平安问题”，可知填“专门地”最合适。17 .答案:C解析：形容词辨析。helpful有帮助的，乐于助人的；helpless,无助的；harmful有害 的;harmless无害的。根据题意“一点点红

35、酒对你的健康并不会.只是不要喝太多J 可知填harmful最正确。千万不要做题太快，错选D.18 .答案:A解析：词组辨析。A 选项 She is talented enough to plan everything well. “她足够有才 能能够把一切计划的很好符合题意”；B选项She is too talented to plan everything well. “她太有才能而无法把一切计划的很好”逻辑不符合;C、D想用so/such. . that.“如此以致于.”这一结构，但是that后面要加完整的句子,这题目中plan everything well不是句子，所以不对。19 .答

36、案:D解析:形容词辨析。funny滑稽的，有趣的;right正确的;cool酷的；clos接近的。根据题 意“一今年冬天你们去哪里度假了法国吗你说得很接近了。我们去伦敦玩了 7天”，可 知选closeo20 .答案:A解析：固定搭配:can t . too.再都不为过。九A课本unitl课本中就有，“As adoctor, you can t be too careful.作为医生，再怎么仔细也不为过”。类似，“一数学考 试快到了！一是的，数学老师告诉我们再怎么仔细都不为过”。21 .答案:B解析:none强调数量一个也没有;too用于肯定句句末;neither两者中的任何一个都不； eith

37、er用于否认句句末。因为dislike只是带有否认前缀的词，不能否认句子，所以原句 还是肯定句，所以用too.22 .答案:C解析：so+adj/adv;such+名词短语。但是有特殊情况，little表示“少”的意思时，前用so 来修饰，不管little后面有无名词;表示“小”的意思时，当做普通形容词来处理。根据题 意“他有如此少的钱以致于他买不起如此小的绵羊”，所以第一个用so,第二个表示“小、 而且后面有名词sheep,所以用such.23 .答案:C解析:副词词义辨析。most,最,非常;almost几乎；mostly主要地,多半地;possibly大概 地。根据题意“一你觉得今天天气适合远足吗一今天天气主要是晴朗的，下午会下几滴雨”，可 知填mostly最恰当。24 .答案:C解析:第一个空跟在bad前修饰形容词bad,所以用副词，所以用terribly非常地，极度；第 二空在rain前修饰名词rain,所以用形容词heavy, heavy rain大雨。25 .答案:A解析：somewhere某处，放在肯定句；everywhere,到处；anywhere某处，放在否认和疑问句， 否认词+anywhere表示nowhere.根据题意“昨天下午回家前我把钥匙落在店里的某个地方了, 但现在哪里都找不到”所以选A.