全国乙卷（真题解读）-2021年高考英语真题深度解读.docx

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1、2022高考英语真题深度解读（全国卷1 ）真题解读:试卷导航听力话题形式词数1搭便车下车短对话182通宵赶工程短对话183寻找安静谈话地点短对话184糟心的邻居家的狗短对话115饭店订桌短对话176晚上聚餐安排长对话347公司搬迁计划长对话568艺术家采访长对话829平衡打工与学习长对话7510一个运发动的经历自述独白98语篇话题体裁词数阅读理解A画家亨利雷伯恩爵士展览应用文202+85阅读理解BDorothy Wickenden 的书籍书评321+122阅读理解C“空中之眼的技术应用于无人机说明文320+142阅读理解D征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童健康问题说明文325+127阅读七选五五种维系

2、异地友谊的方法应用文247+76完形填空孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互成认和尊重说明文276+184语法填空中国商会博物馆所庆祝第一个国际茶日说明文242语言知识重难点词Undertake 承当，从事；entailed 牵涉；stoicism 坚忍重难点词块Rocky Mountains 落基山脉；The sweep of 连绵一片；a blanket of 一大批，一大片长难句Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism （坚忍）of the people move her to some b

3、eautiful writing. Wickenden很会讲故事。大地的辽阔和人民的坚忍不拔使她写出了一些优美 的文字。When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned whiteinthewinter.1当太阳落到山后，它散发出玫瑰色的光芒。然后一

4、轮满月 升起。雪上只有一些小动物：狐狸、土狼、老鼠和各种各样的野兔，它们在冬天变成了白色。”【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B【解析】24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. （1916 年，

5、来自纽约奥 本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。）”可知，Dorothy 和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。应选A项。25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the

6、morning.（他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样， 几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。）”以及“Inspring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知, 女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。应选D项。26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in

7、blindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风 雪中钻穿落基山脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一 局部是令人毛骨悚然的。应选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy return to Auburn.（这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段“ Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism

8、of the people move her to some beautiful writing.（ Wickenden 是个彳艮好的讲故事的人。大 地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。应选B 项。CCan a small group of drones （无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of eu

9、ros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the skyH technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure （基石出设 施） worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.

10、 They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved

11、. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient （高效） across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sen

12、ding maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in

13、the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don*t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomousl

14、y. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possibl

15、e?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones1 ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones1 reliableperformance in remote areas.29. What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. In

16、spection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults C

17、an Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways语篇解读关键词Drones, the safety and reliability of railways主旨概要应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路平安可靠的同时 又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。百科知识无人机自动机场按照公路路网沿线有序部署，依照平台预

18、设的任务 计划，无人机自主起飞，遵循云管控平台规划的巡检航线，开展巡 检任务，任务完成后自动降落回收，全流程可无需人工干预。得益 于图像分割与识别技术，无人机可对路面进行精准定位，采集的图 像实时传输至云端AI识别系统，自主识别道路落石、路面损坏、山 体滑坡等异常事件，输出公路平安风险评估报告。语言知识重难点词drones 无人机；infrastructure 基础设施；重难点词 块That is the very likely .彳艮有可能；high-tension electrical lines 高压电线；on a 24/7 basis每周7天、每天24小时运行长难句By using t

19、he latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.通过使用最新的技术，无人 机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，检测铁路或道岔的故障， 以免引起任何平安问题【答案】28.A29. C 30. B 31. D【解析】28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “Drones are already

20、 being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.（无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同 样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点 的正确位置）

21、”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可 能。应选A。29题详解】词义猜想题。根据后文 “It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.（据统计, 仅欧洲铁路 公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在

22、夜间派遣维修 人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety是指大幅节省检修本钱和更好地保护铁路人员平安，划线词和C项： Inspection and repair（检修）含义相近。应选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 uEngineer

23、s are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously（工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路 无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行）”可知铁路无 人机有望让火车自动运行。应选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones（无人 机）guarantee the

24、safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure（基不出设施）worldwide are safe fo

25、r trains on a24/7 basis.（ 小群无人机能否在保证铁路平安可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧 元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的 铁路轨道和基础设施全天候平安运行。）”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检 查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节 省维护本钱和更好地保护铁路人员平安；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无 人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变 铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想, 适合作为本文的最正确标题。应选D。DThe

26、Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to he

27、lp reduce childhood obesity （月巴 胖）.It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months

28、 showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers （制造商）so they can avoid paying the

29、 tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar co

30、ntent.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than Im litres per year.Tod

31、ays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities （设 施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry

32、 is playing its part.32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health.D. To encourage research in education.33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They rai

33、sed the prices of theirproducts.C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products1 sugar content.34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.35. What can be inferred about the adoption

34、of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.D. It upsets customers.C. It benefits manufacturers.语篇解读关键词sugar tax, soft drinks, childhood obesity主旨概要文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青 少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。百科知识软饮料(soft drink)：酒精含量低于0.5%(质量比)的天然的或人工 配制的饮料。又称清凉饮料、无醇饮料。所含

35、酒精限指溶解香精、 香料、色素等用的乙醇溶剂或乳酸饮料生产过程的副产物。语言知识重难点词obesity 肥胖；manufacturers 制造商；alcoholic 含酒精的重难点词块sugar tax 糖税；soft drinks 软饮料；childhood obesity 儿童肥胖；at a higher risk of the disease 高发病率；sports facilities 运动设施长难句It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended le

36、vel of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.现在的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议摄入量的三倍，使他们患病 的风险更高。【答案】32. C33. D34. D35. B【解析】32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obe

37、sity.（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫 升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目的是 帮助儿童减少肥胖。应选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避 免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含

38、糖量来避税。应选D项。34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer tha

39、n lm litres per year.（然而，一 些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担忧会惹恼 消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到 100万升的小公司也是免税的。）可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖 品牌。应选D项。35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds

40、for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说短文改错骑自行车的好处议论文97书面表达Learning English Beyond the Classroom应用文100（左右）第一局部 听力（共两节，总分值30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试 卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有1。秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 阅读下一小题

41、。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是c。1. What does the man want to do?A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.2. What was George doing last night?A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?A. It

42、s big. B. Its quiet. C. It*s new.4. How does the woman sound?A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.5. Where is the mans table?A. Near the door.B. By the window.C. In the corner.法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了 数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。应选B项。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项

43、为多余选项。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain （保持）long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phon

44、e calls can be a challenge. 36 More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37.There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or havin

45、g a group chat. Practise empathy （共情）38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 39Anniversaries and birthdays carry

46、 even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends* birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on te

47、chnology alone40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is als

48、o helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind语篇解读关键词five ways , long-distance friendships主旨概要