新托福TPO听力文本翻译及指导1.0.docx

《新托福TPO听力文本翻译及指导1.0.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新托福TPO听力文本翻译及指导1.0.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU新托福TPO听力文本翻译【2011年12月30日】目录写在前面的话2单例结构3TPO 11 Lecture 23TPO 12 Lecture 46TPO 6 Lecture 19乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDUWell, the Netherlands, right?恩，荷兰，对不对？ProfessorThats what most people think, but no. They are not native to the Netherlands, or even Europe

2、. Tulips actually hail from an area that Chinese call the Celestial Mountains in Central Asia. A very remote mountainous region.那是绝大多数的人认为的。但是，不是的。（与常识相悖的地方，一定会考的，请注意！怎么算常识？我都没有听懂怎么知道这个是 常识？我不知道tulips是郁金香，也不知道Netherlands是荷兰的啊。怎么知道知道这里是常识呢。没注意到老师已经说了么？这是 绝大多数的人都知道的。所以这就是常识，恩、，也许这个真的不算常识，但是呢，教授这么在听力里面

3、说了，就说明ETS认为它是 常识，所以大家就必须要把它当做常识。唉，人在屋檐下不得不低头啊。）他们并不是土生土长在荷兰的，或者是欧洲。郁金香事 实上是来自于（hailfrom：来自于一个特定的地方的意思。恩一个伟大的词组）一个中国人称之为天山的地方。（天山？天界山？ 恩，傻傻分不清楚。中国从来都很神秘的样子看来）一个非常遥远的山区。It was Turkish nomads who first discovered tulips and spread them slowly westward. Now, around the 16th century, Europeans were trave

4、ling to Istanbul and Turkey as merchants and diplomats. And the Turks often gave the Europeans tulip bulbs as gifts which they would carry home with them. For the Europeans, tulips were totally unheard of. Er.a great novelty. The first bulb to show up in the Netherlands, the merchant who received th

5、em roasted and ate them. He thought they were kind of onion.是土耳其的游牧人最先发现郁金香的，然后（and又做“之后”讲了哈）慢慢地把这种花向西扩散。现在，在16世纪左右，欧洲人 到伊斯坦布尔和土耳其旅游，作为商人和外交官。土耳其人就经常给欧洲人郁金香的球茎作为礼物，而欧洲人会把它带回家。对于 欧洲人来说，郁金香是一个完完全全的新奇事物（novelty,恩，我知道大家知道novelty有新奇事物的意思，但是我就是还想要提醒 下，因为这个词出现的次数不少哦，肯定大于2恩，飘走）第一个在荷兰出现的郁金香球茎，那个收到这个球茎的商人，把 这

6、个球茎烤了烤了然后吃了。（问个问题，大家有听出来这里eat的过去式么？）他认为这些球茎是一种洋葱。（大家，这个开朗的教 授又开始笑了，假如之前那次笑还比拟矜持大家有点听不出来，那么这次的笑大家就一定要非常注意了。这笑得那么明显还听不出 来的话，恩，来乐闻携尔找张听力老师和李听力老师吧，你真的需要辅导。带有明显的情绪的局部一般都会问情绪的产生的原因是 什么，但是ETS不会赤裸裸的问：老师为什么笑了；会问得比拟文雅点，怎么文雅？请仔细做题，您自然就知道了。）It turns out that the Netherlands was an ideal country for growing tuli

7、ps. It had the right kind of sandy soil for one thing, but also, it was a wealthy nation with a growing economy, willing to spend lots of money on new exotic things. Plus, the Dutch had a history of gardening. Wealthy people would compete, spending enormous amounts of money to buy the rarest flowers

8、 for their gardens. 事实证明是，荷兰是一个理想的种植郁金香的地方（这里出现了具有极端意义的词，所以下面会出现传说中的总结性罗列。）它那里 有合适的沙质土是一个方面（请把这篇文章跟之前的TPO12L4比照着看，onething和another之间的纠葛。），同时，它那时还是 一个富有的国家，有着持续增长的经济，愿意花很多的钱在舶来品上。还有，荷兰有着很好的园艺历史。富有的人民会攀比，花很 多的钱来买那些稀有品种的花给他们的花园。（这一段是非常好的用来练习记录并列条件的听力段落。尤其是非常好的带有标志词的并列段落。同时，这段话是多么好的托福写 作论证模板啊。多好的一段，我们居然

9、遇到了！谢谢ETS.同时，这里的history的发音问题，大家也要注意一下。/h/在快速的口语 中不发音。）Soon tulips were beginning to show up in different colors as growers tried to breed them specifically for colors which would make them even more valuable. But they were never completely sure what they would get. Some of the most priced tulips wer

10、e white with purple streaks, or red with yellow streaks on the paddles, even a dark purple tulip that was very much priced. What happened then was a craze for these specialized tulips. We called that craze “tulip mania”.很快，郁金香开始出现了各种颜色，因为种植者尝试为了特定颜色来培育他们，而这使得郁金香更加的有价值。但是他们从来不能 完全确实定他们会收获什么（颜色的郁金香）。一

11、些最贵的郁金香那时是白色的具有紫色的条纹，或者是红色的有着黄色的条纹在花 瓣上，甚至是深紫色的，是非常贵的。那之后就出现了一种对于这种特殊的郁金香的大流行。我们可以那种大流行为“郁金香的狂 执“ /、（学会抓住点一一郁金香的颜色多而且奇特）So, here weve got all the conditions for an irrational boom: a prospering economy, so more people had more disposable乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And

12、Share EDUincome-money to spend on luxuries, but they werent experienced at investing their new wealth. Then along comes a thrilling new commodity. Sure the first specimens were just played right in tulips, but they could be bred into some extraordinary variations, like that dark purple tulip. And fi

13、nally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constrains, where price could explode. And explode they did, starting in the 1630s. There was always much more demand for tulips than supply. Tulips didnt bloom frequently like roses. Tulips bloomed once in the early spring. And that was it

14、for the year. Eventually, specially-bred multicolored tulips became so valuable, well, according to records, one tulip bulb was worth 24 tons of wheat, or thousand pounds of cheese. One particular tulip bulb was sold and exchanged for a small sheep. In other words, tulips were literally worth their

15、weight in gold.所以，这里我们得到了一个不合逻辑的繁荣的所有的条件：（多么标准的告诉了你：赶紧做笔记吧，要总结了！）一个繁荣的经济， 更多的人有更多的可以处置的收入来花费在奢侈品中，但是他们没有在这种新财富上的投资经验。之后出现了一个激动人心的新的 商品，像是黑紫色的郁金香。并且，最后，你有一个没有规范的市场，没有政府的限制，在那（个市场）里价格可以飞涨。并且， 价格也确实是飞涨了。开始于17世纪3。年代，有着更多的对郁金香的需求相对于（郁金香的）供应来说。郁金香不会常常开花， 像玫瑰那样。郁金香在早春的时候开放一次，然后，这就是一年唯一的那一次了。最终，专门培育的多种颜色的郁金

16、香变得非常的 值钱。恩、，根据记录，一个郁金香（不知道是一盆还是一朵，所以就先写一个吧。）价值24吨小麦或者是几千镑的奶酪。一种特殊 的郁金香球茎曾经被卖掉并换回了一只小绵羊。换句话说，郁金香真的是用黄金来衡量重量的。（学习抓住要点：首先前面的那三个条件。其次郁金香超级贵。）As demand grew, people began selling promissory notes guaranteeing the future delivery of priced tulip bulbs. The buyers of these pieces of paper would resell the

17、 notes and mark up prices. These promissory notes kept changing hands from buyer to buyer until the tulip was ready for delivery. But it was all pure speculation because as I said, there was no way to know if the bulb was really going to produce the variety, the color that was promised. But that did

18、nt matter to the owner of the note. The owner only cared about having that piece of paper so it could be traded later at a profit. And people were borrowing, mortgaging their homes in many cases to obtain those bits of paper because they were sure theyd find an easy way to make money.随着需求的上升，人们开始出售期

19、票（这个词好专业的是吧，但是呢，在做听力的时候只要知道这就是一种具有某种承诺意味的note 就可以了。）来保证未来的贵重的球茎的分发。这些纸片的购买者会再卖出去而且会是以一个明显高的价格。这些期票会不停的从一 个买家到另一个买家的倒手，直到郁金香可以被派发出去。但是这些都仅仅是期望而已，因为我已经说过了，根本没有方法知道球 茎是否会产生某种变种，（和）已经承诺好了的颜色。但是，这些对于期票的拥有人来说并不要紧。这些拥有人只在乎有这些纸片， 然后，它可以用来做之后的交易来获得利益。并且，人们会借款、抵押房屋，在一些情况下，去得到这些纸片，因为他们确定自己 找到了一个简便的赚钱的方法。（这里有二个

20、跟常识不符合的地方，以及一个常识可以判断出来危险的地方。这两个地方由于其本身的意义内容的出挑变得很引人 注目。大家当做作业吧，找找看这两个点。回头会有答案。）So now, youVe got all the ingredients for a huge bust. And bust it did, when one cold February morning in 1637, a group of bulb traders got together and discovered that suddenly there were no bidders. Nobody wanted to buy

21、. Panic spread like wild fire and the tulip market collapsed totally.所以，现在，你们已经得到了所有能导致一个巨大的萧条的所有元素。并且，萧条开始萧条了，当某个寒冷的二月早上，在1637年， 一群球茎的交易者聚集在一起并且发现突然间没有竞买人了。没有人想要买。惊慌像野火一样蔓延开去，而郁金香市场彻底的崩溃 了。（多么诗意的一个结尾很值得出题？但是，这么美妙的一段话就是一个意思：市场崩溃了。所以没有出题点。恩、，其实结尾的那 句话也可以小出一下题目，问为什么老师提到野火。）乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU写在前面

22、的话注：1、括号内的话是翻译中正常的增补。2、有底纹的话是对听力一些基本点的讲解。3、文章采用尽量的比拟简单的直译，基本上很多翻译过于直接，主要是在模拟听力的内容到我们脑子里面的过程。给比拟初级的学 生提供帮助。将随着文本的增加翻译得一点一点的正规起来。4、文章都是3篇文章作为一个练习。每个练习里面的文章结构是相似的。依照信息量、语速以及词汇量，而被划分为简单，正常， 和难。乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU单例结构TPO 11 Lecture 2NarratorListen to part of a lecture in an A

23、rchitecture Class.ProfessorToday, we are taking a little detour from the grand styles of public architecture weve been studying to look at residential architectures in the United States. Since this is something we can all identify with, I think it will help us see the relationship between the functi

24、on of a structure and its style or form. This has been an ongoing theme in our discussions, and well be getting back to it in just a moment. But before we get started, I want you to take a moment to think: does anyone know what the single most popular style for a house in the United States is today?

25、 Bob?今天，我们要从（这段时间）一直学习的主要建筑风格转移到美国的居住建筑上来。因为这方面的内容是我们能够达成一致的，所 以我认为这个内容可以帮助我们了解建筑物的用途和他们的风格或形式之间的关系。这个主题会一直贯穿于我们的讨论，一会儿我 们还会回过头来继续（讨论）。但是，在我们开始之前，我想让你们花点时间想想：有没有人知道当今美国最流行的居住房屋样 式是什么？Student 1I bet it is the ranch-style house. 我猜是大农场风格的房屋。ProfessorWell, in this area, probably. But are we typical? Ye

26、ah, Sue. 恩，在这个地区，可能（是），但是我们（这）够典型么？恩、，苏？Student 2How about the kind of house my grandparents live in? They call it a Cape Cod. 我祖父母住的那种房子怎么样？他们叫它Cape Cod.ProfessorThats the one. Heres a drawing of what we consider of a classic Cape Cod house. 就是这种房子。这里有一幅我们认为的典型Cape Cod房子的图。These days, you see this

27、style all over the United States. But it first showed up in U.S. northeast, in the New England region, around the late 1600s. For those of you who dont know the northeast costal region, Cape Cod is a peninsula, a narrow strip of land that jets out into the Atlantic, and so many houses in this partic

28、ular style were built on Cape Cod, that the name of the place became the name of the style. Now why did the Cape Cod style house become so popular in the northeast? Well, one reason is that its a great example of form following function. Weve talked about this design principle a lot about form follo

29、wing function, and, what we say it meant? Someone give me an application of this principle. What does this concept, that form should follow function? How would it be applied to housing design?如今，你可以在美国各地看到这种房子。但是，大约在17世纪后期，它最早出现在美国的东北部的新英格兰地区。对你们中一些不 了解东北沿海地区的人来说，Cape Cod是一个半岛，一块伸入大西洋的狭长的带状陆地，并且有太多的

30、这种特定风格的房屋建造在 Cape Cod,以至于这个地区的名字变成了这种建筑风格的名称。现在（来分析一下），为什么Cape Cod风格的房子在东北部这乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU么流行呢？嗯，一个原因是这种房屋是一个很棒的“形式遵从于用途”的例子。我们已经讨论了很多关于“形式遵从于用途”这个 设计原那么的东西。之前我们说这个是什么意思？有人给我举了一个运用此原那么的实例。什么是“形式遵从于用途”原那么？这个原那么 怎么应用在房屋的

31、设计上？Student 2Well, if it means that the design of the building, it should be based on the needs of people who use it. Then, well, the architect has to be very practical to think about the people who actually be living in the house or working in the office building, whatever, so for the architect, it

32、s all about users not about showing off how creative you can be.恩，如果这个原那么意味着建筑的设计必须以使用者的需求为基础，那么，恩、，建筑师必须很实际的考虑实际住在屋子里面或者是工 作在办公楼里的人，所以无论如何，对于建筑师来说，它全部都是出于用户的利益考虑而不是为了展示你多么有创造力。ProfessorGood, of courseo for a Cape Cod house might be even more accurate to say that form also follows climate. Who knows

33、 what the climate like on Cape Cod?好，当然是这样。对于Cape Cod型的房子来说，这个可以被更加准确的描述为形式还遵从于气候。谁知道在Cape Cod的气候是怎 么样的？Student 1Cold in the winter.在冬天很冷。Student 2And whenever I visit my grandparents, its really wet. Its usually either raining or snowing or foggy and windy, too. I guess because its so exposed to th

34、e ocean?还有，无论我何时去看我的祖父母，那都很潮湿。那里经常是，要么是在下雨，要么是下雪，要么是大雾，还有大风。我猜（这是） 因为它过于暴露在海洋中。ProfessorThats right. So take another look at this drawing, and you can image how this design might be particularly helpful in that kind of climate. Notice how the house is fairly low to the ground. This relatively low co

35、mpact structure helps the house withstand the strong winds blowing off the ocean. And look at the slope of the roof, the steep angle helps keep off all that rain and snow that accumulates in the winter. Another thing, Cape Cod houses usually face south to take advantage of the suns warmth through th

36、e windows. Thats helpful in winter. Now what can you tell me about the chimney, about its location.就是这样。所以再看看这幅画，然后你就可以想象到在这种气候中这种设计是多么的有用。注意一下房子相对于地面来说是多么的 低。这种相对低而紧凑的结构帮助这个房子抵抗海洋上吹着的强风。接着看看屋顶的坡，陡峭的角度有助于清除所有冬天累积下来 的雨和雪。另外一件事情。Cape Cod型的房屋一般是面向南边的，借此来利用透过窗户的阳光的温暖。这在冬天是很有用的。现在， 关于烟囱你们有什么看法，关于它的位置？Stu

37、dent 2Well, its in the middle. Because, does that have something to do with heating the houses? I mean since the heat never has to travel very far.乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU恩，它在中间。因为。是跟房子的加热系统有关系么？我的意思是因为热量不用传播很远。.Student 1That will mean you can heat the house more efficiently,

38、 right? 这就意味着你可以更加有效率的加热房子，对么？ProfessorExactly, now see how the house has very little exterior decoration, thats also typical of early Cape Cod houses. The wind was one reason, nothing sticking out might blow away in the harsh weather, but there was probably another reason, not related to the climat

39、e, more reflection of a rural New England society back then, you see Cape Cod houses were not built in the big cities, where all the rich people lived back then. These were the modest dwellings the people who built them simply couldnt afford lots of expensive decorative details. But that was more th

40、an just matter of money. In these rural areas, people depended on each other for survival. Neighbors had to help and support each other in a difficult environment, so you didnt want to appear to be showing off. You wanted to avoid anything that might set you apart from your neighbors, the same peopl

41、e you might need to help you someday. So all these help to create an attitude of conformity in the community, and you can see why a modest, a very plain style would become so widely imitated throughout rural New England.非常确切。现在，看看这个房子有着多么少的外部装饰。这在早期的Cape Cod型房子中也很常见。风是一个原因，（这样的话）在 这种恶劣的天气下没有凸出的东西会被吹

42、走。但是，很有可能还有另外一个原因，与天气无关，更多是那个年代的新英格兰乡村社 会的反映。你们看Cape Cod型的房子不是建造在大城市，那时有钱人都住在大城市里面。建造这些简单房子的人们只是负担不起昂 贵的装饰细节。但是，这不仅仅是钱的问题。在这些乡村地区，人们要相互依存，邻里之间需要在恶劣的环境中相互帮助和支持， 所以你不会想要表现出趾高气扬的样子。你会想要防止任何可能使你与邻居别离开来的事情，有朝一日可能你会需要他们的帮助。 因而，所有的这些促成了团体中的从众态度。之后，你就可以了解为什么一个简单的，非常平淡的风格会在新英格兰的乡村地区被 广泛的模仿。Student 2It is pla

43、in? But you know its nice-looking.它很平淡？但是，你知道它很好看。ProfessorGood point, and in fact its precisely that as aesthetic appeal, the.the purity, the nearly perfect proportions of the houses.thats another reason for the cape cod enduring popularity even in places where the climate was so mild, its function

44、al design doesnt matter.不错的点，而且事实上确实是这样。由于艺术上的吸引力，恩、，纯粹的感觉，近乎完美的房屋比例，是另外一个使Cape Code风格 即使是在功能性设计无关紧要的气候温和的地区也能经久不衰的原因。注： single+most=most乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDU乐闻-携尔Learn And Share EDUTPO 12 Lecture 4NarratorListen to part of a lecture in an environme

45、ntal science class.环境科学课局部讲课内容ProfessorAll right folks, lets continue our discussion of alternative energy sources and move on to whats probably the most well-known alternative energy source- solar energy. The sun basically provides earth with virtually unlimited source of energy every day, but the

46、problem has always been how do we tap this source of energy. Can anyone think of why its so difficult to make use of solar energy?好的，大家。我们来继续我们关于备选能源的讨论，接下来的（and这里显然不是表示并列结构，而是正常的选择，一般的来说，and、 so常常会出现不表示并列和因果逻辑的情况，而只是老师的口头语，类似于then的意思。）是可能算是最有名的备选能源一一太阳 能。太阳基本上每天都给地球提供着近乎无限的能源来源，而，一直以来的问题是我们怎么开发这种能源

47、。大家考虑下为什么利用 太阳能那么困难？Student ABecause it is hard to .gather it?因为它很难收集？ProfessorThats exactly it. Solar energy is everywhere, but its also quite diffused. And the thing is the dream of solar energy is not a new one. Humanity has been trying to use the suns light as a reliable source of energy for cen

48、turies. And around the beginning of the 20th century there were actually some primitive solar water heaters on the consumer market. But they didnt sell very well. Any of you wanna guess why?确切的说就是这样。太阳能是到处都有的，但是它也相当散乱。对于太阳能的憧憬已经不是一个新的事情了。（the thing在这里不翻 译，但是在听的时候是一个很好的强调的点，因为出现the thing 一般有两种情况：一是这是

49、个补充的细节，二是这是个并列结构的 开始，后面很有可能出现the another thing is。前者容易出细节题，后者容易出双选题。所以，意思上的虚词在听的时候却具有标记 意义。）人类尝试着去使用太阳光做可靠的能源，已经好几个世纪了。（不得不提一下，关于完成时，完成过去式，完成进行式，大 家需要仔细的了解一下，在听力里面这个经常被忽略，但是在听力的历史学科中，经常有过去和现在的比照，这时候这种时态如果 没有听好的话，就容易对现在和以前的状态弄不清楚，选择了恰恰相反的那个。同时选项中喜欢用时态错误来找大家的麻烦。所以， 综合上面两点，大家没有事情的时候去了解一下这几个时态吧。）并且，在20世纪开始的那阵子，事实上有简单的太阳能加