发达经济体的人说他们的社会比以前更加分裂.docx

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1、FOR RELEASE JUNE 23, 2021People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More Divided Than Before PandemicPublics disAgree About whether restrictions on public Activity HAve gonefAr enough to comb At COVID-19BY Kat Devlin, Moira Fagan and Aidan ConnaughtonFOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Kat Devlin, R

2、esearch AssociateStefan Cornibert, Communications Managerwww. pew resea rch.orgRECOMMENDED CrTATIONPew Research Center, June, 2021, People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More Divided Than Before PandemicHowever, when thinking about future public health emergencies, majorities in every pu

3、blic surveyed express confidence that their health care system could handle such a situation.On the individual level, people across the 17 advanced economies surveyed now feel more of an impact in their day-to-day lives. A median of 65% say the pandemic has affected their everyday lives a great deal

4、 or fair amount, and majorities in each public hold this sentiment, with the exceptions of New Zealand and Australia. In 10 of the 13 countries surveyed in both 2020 and 2021, this figure has increased significantly over the course of the pandemic. Young people, in particular, are most likely to rep

5、ort that their life has changed as a direct result of the coronavirus.These are among the findings of a new Pew Research Center survey conducted from Feb. 1 to May 26, 2021, among 18,850 adults in 17 advanced economies.The challenges of polling In a global pandemicThe coronavirus has left indelible

6、marks on the world in myriad ways, and Pew Research Centers international work has also felt these effects. Early in the pandemic, the Center confronted the impact of the outbreak and chose to suspend all face-to-face fieldwonk in the name of safety for both interviewers and respondents. However, as

7、 we have continued to adapt to the new reality of polling in a pandemic, we also have to consider the constantly changing situation on the ground in places we survey and how that plays a role in shaping public opinion.Fieldwork for this survey coincided with several major events related to national-

8、level restrictions and vaccine distribution throughout the world. Numerous European countries instituted new lockdowns or lifted restrictions as the survey was fielded. Canada and each of the European Union countries surveyed paused use of the AstraZeneca vaccine for at least some of their populatio

9、n; the EU also sued the pharmaceutical company during this time. Several countries delayed the rollout for the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine.Publics surveyed in the Asia-Pacific region were typically dealing with fewer or shorter restrictions due to less prevalence of the virus at that point. Ho

10、wever, Japan declared a state of emergency for Tokyo and several prefectures during the survey, and since fieldwork ended the situation now looks morn severe. The later part of fieldwork saw eyes turn toward a spiraling outbreak in India (a country not included in this survey) and international aid

11、efforts to help contain the disease there. Taiwan and Singapore also experienced a sudden onset of new cases they had previously avoided, though these occurred largely after survey fieldwork concluded.The U.S. survey was administered online and finished earlier than the rest of the surveys, with fie

12、ldwork running from Feb. 1-7, 2021. The country had administered more than 26 million vaccine doses but had not yet paused use of the Johnson & Johnson/ Janssen vaccine. The third round of stimulus checks, part of a $1.9 triHion COVID-19 relief package, had not yet gone out to Americans.This report

13、offers a glimpse into how 17 publics thought about the pandemic at a particular point in time. Just as the pandemic has changed, sometimes quickly, over the course of the last year, so too could the publics attitudes toward related topics such as national unity, restrictions and how their government

14、s are handling the ever-fluid situation.Feelings of social division increased since the start of the pandemicThe coronavirus pandemic has increased social divisions across many of the publics surveyed. A median of 61% across all 17 advanced economies say they are now more divided than before the out

15、break, while 34% feel more united.Sentiments are particularly negative in the U.S.: 88% of Americans say they are more divided than before the pandemic, the highest share to hold this view across all places polled. A majority of Canadians also say their country is more divided.In Europe, majorities

16、in seven of the nine nations surveyed say they are more divided than before the pandemic. Pessimistic views are particularly widespread in the Netherlands, Germany and Spain, where about eight-in-ten report more division. Only in Sweden and the UK do about four-in-ten believe they are more united th

17、an before the outbreak.Views are considerably more varied across the Asia-Pacific publics surveyed. Majorities in Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand and Singapore say they are more united than before the coronavirus outbreak. On the other hand, majorities in Japan and South Korea feel more divided.The c

18、oronavirus pandemic has increased social divisions across many of the publics surveyed. A median of 61% across all 17 advanced economies say they are now more divided than before the outbreak, while 34% feel more united.Sentiments are particularly negative in the U.S.: 88% of Americans say they are

19、more divided than before the pandemic, the highest share to hold this view across all places polled. A majority of Canadians also say their country is more divided.In Europe, majorities in seven of the nine nations surveyed say they are more divided than before the pandemic. Pessimistic views are pa

20、rticularly widespread in the Netherlands, Germany and Spain, where about eight-in-ten report more division. Only in Sweden and the UK do about four-in-ten believe they are more united than before the outbreak.Views are considerably more varied across the Asia-Pacific publics surveyed. Majorities in

21、Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand and Singapore say they are more united than before the coronavirus outbreak. On the other hand, majorities in Japan and South Korea feel more divided.Sense of national division In Europe and North America, while many In Asia-Pacific see unity% who think (survey public)

22、 is now more than before the coronavirus outbreakDivided UnitedNetherlandsGermany Spain FranceBelgiumItalyGreece UK Sweden MEDIANSouth Korea Japan Australia New ZealandTaiwan Singapore MEDIANOVERALLMtDIAN88%9 618315177187721|;1682963346630615968 J8631646134Note: Those who did not answer are not show

23、n.Source: Spring 2021 Global Attitudes Survey. Q9.People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More DividedThan Before PandemicPEW RESEARCH CENTERThe view that societies are more divided than united has risen significantly in all but one ofthe 13 countries also included in a Pew Research Center

24、 summer 2020 survey.The share who say they are now more divided than before the outbreak has increased by 20 percentage points or more in Canada (+32 points), Japan (+32), the Netherlands (+30), SouthKorea (+25) and Germany (4-23).At the same time, the percentage who say their public is now more uni

25、ted has plummeted. In Canada, for example, 66% said they were more united than before the pandemic in the summer of 2020. This spring, 36% say the same, a decline of 30 percentage points. Large declines are also observed in the Netherlands (-29 points), South Korea (-22), Germany (-21), Japan (-18)

26、and Spain (-18).Australians hold largely similar views of national unity as they did last summer. A majority in Australia say their country is more united, up just 5 points from 49% last summer, and views of countrywide division have remained largely the same.Those with negative views of the economy

27、 are more likely than those who think the economy is in good shape to say that their society is now more divided than before the coronavirus outbreak. This pattern is observed across every place included in the survey. For some, differences are substantial: In Sweden, for example, those who say thei

28、r economic situation is bad are 35 percentage points more likely than those who say it is good to feel their public is more divided (83% vs. 48%, respectively).Those who say economic situation Is bad more likely to say their society Is more dividedPEW RESEARCH CENTER% who think (survey public) is no

29、w more divided than before the coronavirus outbreak, among those who say the current economic situation is .Attitudes toward restrictions on public activity are linked to whether people feel division. In several of the advanced economies surveyed, those who say there should have been fewer restricti

30、ons are more likely to believe their public has grown more divided than before the coronavirus outbreak than those who felt there should have been more restrictions, or that restrictions were about right. In New Zealand, fbr example, 58% of those who say there should have been fewer restrictions on

31、public activity also say their public is more divided, compared with 15% of those who say there should have been more restrictions.Sizable shares say there should have been more restrictions under COVID-19% who think, over the course of the coronavirus outbreak, there should have been more restricMs

32、ns on public activitySource: Spring 2021 Global Attitudes Survey. Q10.44People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More DividedThan Before Pandemic”PEW RESEARCH CENTERMost in Asia-Pacific region say pandemic restrictions were about right, but Europeans are more dividedOverall, a median of 41%

33、 say restrictions on public activity where they live in response to the pandemic were about right. A sizable share - 37% 一 think more restrictions would have been appropriate. Just 18% say there should have been fewer restrictions on public activity over the course of the coronavirus outbreak. Greec

34、e is the only country polled where a plurality of adults (43%) favor fewer limitations.In some publics, half or more think COVID-19 restrictions were too limited over the past year and a half. For example, 62% of Japanese adults think there should have been more restrictions, as do 56% of American a

35、dults. (Japan and the U.S. also received some of the worst ratings for their coronavirus responses from their own publics.)Still, many publics think that their governments implemented the right restrictions on public activity. New Zealand - which has won praise for its coronavirus response and has r

36、ecorded only 26 coronavirus-related deaths at the time of writing - has the highest share who say restrictions were about right at 80%. Majorities in Taiwan, Australia and Singapore also say coronavirus restrictions were about right.Support for right-wing populist parties is also tied to views of co

37、ronavirus restrictions. In the Netherlands, 42% of respondents with favorable views of the right-wing Forum for Democracy (FvD) party say there should have been fewer restrictions on public activity during the coronavirus outbreak. Just 17% of those with unfavorable views of FvD share that view. Sim

38、ilar splits appear between supporters and nonsupporters of Alternative for Germany, Lega and Forza Italia in Italy, Vox in Spain, Party for Freedom in the Netherlands, Sweden Democrats, Greek Solution and Reform UK.In most publics surveyed, those on the ideological right are significantly more likel

39、y than those on the left to say there should have been fewer restrictions. In the U.S., 52% of conservatives say there should have been fewer restrictions; just 7% of liberals say the same. Greece is the only public surveyed where those on the left are more likely than those on the right to say ther

40、e should have been fewer restrictions (55% and 34%, respectively).Ideological right more likely to think there should have been fewer COVID-19 restrictions% who think, over the course of the coionavirus outbreak, there should have boon 色eestrfctions on public activityU.S.AustraliaGermanyItalyCanadaS

41、painNew ZealandNetherlandsSouth KoreaSwederLeft CenterRight-8in-、i7%19%52%-ooo61727_o117 2637-o1214299 17 26o6 1021-O56173 5 10GrAPCA -0RLdiff+45+21+20+17+17+15+12+11+11+7一,O- -213447 5560%Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. In U.S., ideology is defined as conservative (right), m

42、oderate (center) and liberal (left).Source: Spring 2021 Global Attitudes Survey. Q10.People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More Divided Than Before PandemicPEW RESEARCH CENTERMany in U.S., Europe and Japan say the pandemic has revealed weaknesses of their economic systemThe coronavirus o

43、utbreak has wreaked havoc on the global economy, reversing years of progress in the fight against global poverty and pushing millions out of the global middle class. But the economic effects of the pandemic have not been uniform, and opinions vary widely regarding how publics assess their economic s

44、ystems durability.In Europe, views are largely pessimistic, with a median of 58% saying that their economy is failing to recover from the effects of the coronavirus outbreak in ways that show the weaknesses of their economic system. (The EU has recorded two straight quarters of negative gross domest

45、ic product growth after a sharp rebound in the third quarter of 2020.) Opinions are particularly negative in Spain and Italy, with roughly three- quarters or more holding this opinion.Sweden, which has refused toMore pessimism about economic effects of COVID-19 In Europe than In Asia-Pacific% who sa

46、y their economy is .Falllngto recover from the effects of the coronavirus outbreak In ways that show the weaknesses of Its economic systemRecovering from the effects of the coronavirus outbreak In ways that show the strengths of Its economic systemCanadaU.S.50%6245%Sweden NetherlandsUK Germany Belgi

47、um Greece FranceItaly Spain MEDIANSingapore Australia New ZealandTaiwan South KoreaJapan MEDIANOVERALLMEDIAN 227664 .5158227769 j7714746Note: Those who did not answer are not shown.Source: Spring 2021 Global Attitudes Survey. Qll.People in Advanced Economies Say Their Society Is More Divided Than Be

48、fore PandemicPEW RESEARCH CENTERimplement wide-ranginglockdown measures, is an exception in Europe, with three-quarters saying that the economy is recovering in ways that showthe strengths of its economic system. Dutch adults are also optimistic, and opinions in the UK and Germany are split.Opinions in the Asia-Pacific region are more positive, with majorities in nearly all publics surveyed saying their economy is recovering in ways that show the strengths of their system. Again, Japanese opinions a