专题25 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第25讲 必修5 Unit 1讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 ,考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）characteristic n.特征；特性conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出一conclusion n.结论；结束defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败1. attend vt.照顾;护理；出席；参加expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光.exposion n.暴露curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗challenge n.挑战 vt.向挑战一chall

2、enger n.挑战者2. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯一suspicion n.怀疑一suspicious adj.有疑心的foresee vt.预见；预告一foretell v,预言一forecast v.预报重点单词3. blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备pollute vt.污染；弄脏一pollution n.污染handle n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵linkvt. &n.连接；联系4. announce vt.宣布； 通告一announcement n. 通矢口； 宣告instruct vt.命令;指示；教导inst

3、ruction n.教授；传授一instructions n.指示，说明construct vt.建设；修建一construction n.建设；建筑物contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n.贡献17. spinvi.&vt.（）;纺（线或纱）reject vt.拒绝;不接受；抛弃一rejection n.拒绝;抛弃thelight的省略。因为句子中有when,while等这些词时，从句可以省略与主句相同的主语和be动词。是使 显露的意思。故填exposed。4. How did she get infected?She (expose) to t

4、he viruses without any protection.【答案】was exposed【解析】考查固定词组。固定词组beexposedto遭受暴露句意：一她怎么受到感染的？一她没有任何 的保护，直接暴露在病毒之下。故填was exposed。5. (2020郑州外国语新枫杨学校高三月考)It，s very dangerous to be exposed the novel coronavirus withoutany protection.【答案】t。【解析】考查介词。句意：没有任何防护措施暴露在新型冠状病毒下是极其危险的。根据“ It，s very dangerous 可知，没有

5、任何防护措施暴露在新型冠状病毒下是极其危险的。be exposed to意为“面临.，暴露于.故填tOo(2019北京师大附中期中)Without sleeves, the scars on his arms were clearly (expose) . We all pretended I couldnt see them.【答案】exposed【解析】考查词形转换。句意：没有袖子，他手臂上的伤疤很明显地暴露出来，我们都假装看不见。此处 exposed暴露的。分析句子可知，没有袖子，疤痕暴露出来了。故填(expose)o【变式】完成句子(l)Don!t babies strong sunl

6、ight.不要让婴儿受至强烈的日光照射。(2)It*s very dangerous for anyone to the virus without any protection.任何人没有保护的暴露在病毒中是很危险的。(3)Potatoes will turn green when light.当土豆暴露在光线下会变绿。答案(l)expose; to (2)be exposed to(3)exposed to单项选择(2020黑龙江实验中学月考)The more one is the English-speaking environment, the better he or she wil

7、l learn the language.D. exposed toA. exploded to B. experienced in C. caught on【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个人越多的暴露于说英语的环境中，他就会越好的学好这门语言。A. exploded to 爆炸;B. experienced in 在的经验；C. caught on 投合心意；D. exposed to 暴露在o 根据句意可知，一个人越多的暴露于说英语的环境中，英语就会学得越好。故D正确。1. （2019深圳市耀华实验学校高三月考）When to danger and conflict, men

8、 tend to increase bloodpressure, feeling nervous or anxious.A. exposeB. exposedC. to exposeD. exposing【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当面临危险和争端的时候，人往往会血压增高，感到焦虑和紧张。分析句 子可知，expose在句中作非谓语，Men与expose构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示，故选B。3. to smart phones just before bed, as a research says recently, can lead to poor nighfs sleep.

9、A. Being exposed B. ExposedC. Having exposed D. To expose【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据最近的一次调查报道，睡前接触智能手机会导致晚上睡不好。人是被 暴露在手机辐射下的，应用被动语态。Being exposed to.在句中作主语，应用动名词。故选A项。4. Not only the driver but also the passers-by danger because of the mechanical failure.A. were exposed to B. was exposed inC. was exposed

10、to D. were exposed in【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组和主谓一致。be exposed to遭受，暴露于句意：不仅是司机，还有路人因为机 械故障而暴露在危险之中。Not only-but also,做主语时谓语动词遵循就近原则，根据句意可知答案为A。5. （2020扬州市江都区大桥高级中学高三月考）一What did you say you were reluctant to risk just now?-to high levels of radiation.A. Being exposedB. Having been exposedC. To be exposedD. E

11、xposed【答案】A【解析】考查省略句和动名词。句意：-你刚才说你不愿意冒险做什么？一我不愿意冒险暴露在高辐射下。分析句子可知，本句为省略句，还原为：we were reluctant to risk being doneo risk后接动名词做宾语，本句 使用动名词的被动形式，being exposedo故A选项正确。考点4.cure n.痊愈，治愈治愈；治疗【例句研读】(1 )The medicine could cure him of his stomach ache.这药能治愈他的胃痛.Doctors are searching for a cure for AIDS.医生们正在寻找

12、艾滋病的治疗方法。【归纳拓展】curable adj. 可治愈的cure sb of sth.治愈；矫正，改正(不良习惯等)a cure for.针对的疗法【温馨提示】注意：cure后不能直接跟双宾语，要用of引出其直接宾语，用法相似的词还有：accuse sb.of sth.指控、指责某人某事inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事convince sb.of sth,使某人相信某事persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事suspect sb.of

13、 sth.怀疑某人某事【易混辨析】cure 与 treat(l)cure指治愈疾病，消除痛苦，戒除恶习、弊端、嗜好等，强调结果，可构成cure sb of结构。(2)treat强调治疗过程，不强调结果，常用于treat sth with sth结构。如：The doctor treated her cancer with a new medicine, but didn*t cure her.医生用一种新药为她治疗癌症，但是没有把她治好。【典例4】语法填空(2021 全国)Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure the common co

14、ld.(用适当的词填空)【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：科学家一直都没能为普通感冒提供一个疗法。根据句意可知是“为普通感冒提供 治疗方法”。故介词for“为了”可用。故填for。1. (2021 全国)When I left the hospital I(cure) completely.【答案】was cured【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当我离开医院时，我被完全治愈了。分析可知空格处是主句谓语。根据left可知，空格处用一般过去时,cure与主语I是被动关系，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was cured。2. (2021 长春市第二十中学)She tried her bes

15、t to cure her child the bad habit of laziness.【答案】of【解析】考查固定短语。句意：她尽力解决她孩子懒惰的坏习惯。cure sb. of sth.治愈某人某病/解决某人某 事，固定搭配。故填of。3. As a doctor, I consider it my duty (cure) the patients of their disease.【答案】to cure【解析】考查t。do不定式。句意：作为一名医生，我认为治好病人的病是我的责任。it is one duty to do sth 意为“做某事是某人的责任“，为固定搭配。故填t。cure

16、。4. (2020山东省淄博第七中学期中)I have just received a piece of information that shortsightedness can(cure) by the experienced doctor.【答案1 be cured【解析】考查动词语态。句意：我刚收到一条消息，近视可以由有经验的医生治好。根据句意和结构可知 shortsightedness和cure是被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填be curedo(江苏省丹阳高级中学单元测试) (cure) more patients of their tooth problems, th

17、e dentist put off his honeymoon.【答案】To cure【解析】考查不定式表目的。不定式作目的状语，根据句子的语义逻辑，用不定式作目的状语。句意：为 了给更多的病人治牙，这个牙医推迟了他的蜜月。故填To cure。【变式】完成句子(l)His job will his laziness.他的工作会改掉他懒惰的毛病。(2)What is the best a cold?针对感冒最好的疗法是什么？A famous doctor is going to for his illness.一位著名的医生要治疗他的病。【答案】(l)cure him of (2)cure fo

18、r (3)treat him单项选择.To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease. There was no , only painrelief.A. cureB. luckC, careC, careC, careD. promise【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，moth被诊断为一种严重的疾病。没有治愈方法，只有止痛。A. cure治愈；B. luck幸运；C. care关心；D. promise诺言。根据后文only pain relief可推知，这里指治愈, 故选Ao.

19、(2019广东金山中学月考)It will be many years the doctors and medical scientists can find forcancer.A. since; curesB. when; treatmentsC. before; curesD. until; treaments【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析和动词辨析。句意：许多年以后医生和医疗科学家才找到了癌症的治疗方法。第一空考查连词,since自从以来，when当的时候，before在之前，才,就，until直到，It will be+段时间+before是固定句型表示“多长时间以后才 ”故用bef

20、ore；第二空考查短语：cures for cancer癌症 的治疗方法，cure“治愈”；treatment“治疗”、综上，所以选C。3.(赤峰二中月考)Little Tom cured himself the habit of lying.A. toB. fromC. forD. of【答案】D【解析】考查介词用法。句意：小汤姆改正了自己说谎的毛病。cure sb. of sth .改正某人的不良行为。故选 D.考点5.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心【例句研读】(l)He pretends to be absorbed in listening,他假装在专心听讲。(2)Abs

21、orbed in his thoughts, the scientist didnt notice what had happened before him.这位科学家陷入沉思中，没有注意到眼前所发生的事。【归纳拓展】be absorbed by被吞并；为所吸收be/get absorbed in全神贯注于；一心从事；热衷于absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人注意absorb oneself in=be absorbed in 全神贯注于表示“集中注意力于，致力于”的常用短语还有：be devoted tobe buried inbe bent onfocus.on/upon.

22、concentrate.on.be applied to【典例5】语法填空(2020四川成都市成都外国语学校)Thomas lay on the floor,(absorb) in the unfolding of the book-The Little Prince.【答案】absorbed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Thomas躺在地板上，全神贯注地看着打开了的书小王子。短语be absorbed in意思为“专心于；此处absorbed是过去分词作状语。故填absorbed。1. (2020辽宁实验中学)As soon as the curtain rose, I(absorb) in

23、 the unique beauty of the performance.答案was absorbed【解析】考查动词时态和固定短语。句意：幕布一升起，我就全神贯注于表演的独特之美。根据句意表示“全 神贯注于，专心于短语为be absorbed in,且根据上文rose可知为一般过去时，主语为I,谓语动词用单数 形式。故填 was absorbedo(2021 全国高三)The surrounding small towns have(absorb) into the city.答案been absorbed【解析】考查时态。句意：周围的小城镇已并入这个城市。此处为短语be absorbed

24、 into,结合上文have可 知为现在完成时。故填been absorbed。2. (2021 浙江省诸暨市第二高级中学期中)Deeply( absorb) in work, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.【答案】absorbed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：深深专注于工作，他总是完全忘记吃饭和睡觉。分析句子可知，absorb 作状语，与逻辑主语he是被动关系，用过去分词，be absorbed in“全神贯注于”，故填absorbed。3. Look! The student(seat) at the back of the c

25、lassroom is(absorb) in a novel while the teacher is giving his lesson.【答案】seated absorbed【解析】考查非谓语动词、形容词和固定短语。句意：看!当老师讲课时，坐在教室后面的那个学生正在全 神贯注地看小说。结合句意，分析句子可知，第一空seat(就坐)是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词student, 与其逻辑主语student之间有被动关系，应用过去分词seated,表示被动；第二空be absorbed in是固定短语， 意为“全神贯注于”，用形容词absorbed(全神贯注的)。故填seatedabsorb

26、ed。4. (2021 全国) As an expert, he(absorb) in the research of healthy lifestyle in recent years.【答案】has been absorbed【解析】考查时态。句意：作为一名专家，他近年来一直致力于健康生活方式的研究。表示“专注于“为固定 短语be absorbed in,动作从过去持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去，所以用现在完成时，注意主谓一致。 故填 has been absorbedo(2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)He was completely absorbed his book and did

27、not hear me call.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：他完全沉浸在他的书中，没有听到我的电话。此处be absorbed in全神贯注于。 根据后文说没听到我的电话可知，他是完全沉浸在书中。故填in。【变式】完成句子(l)Black cloth light.黑色布料吸收光线。(2)Did you everything the professor said?教授说的你全部理解了 吗？(3)He deep thought.他陷入沉思。答案】(1 )absorbs (2)absorb (3)was absorbed in单项选择(2021黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校期中)in paint

28、ing, John didnt notice evening approaching.A. AbsorbedB. AbsorbingC. To absorbD. Absorb【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in“全神 贯注于：此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。故选A。1. (2020江苏仪征市第二中学) in her imagination, she failed to take notice of what the teacher said in class.A. AbsorbingB. To absorbC.

29、AbsorbedD. Having absorbed【答案】c【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她沉浸在想象中，没有注意到老师在课堂上说的话。分析题意，be absorbed in译为“专心于，沉浸去.。此处因为前后主语一致，故而省略了主语she和be动词was,剩余部分用 absorbed做状语。综上，故选C项。3 .(天津耀华中学期末)She was so in her work that she didnt realize it was time to pick up her son.A. attractedB. considered C. absorbedD. concentrated【答

30、案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：她全神贯注地工作，没有意识到该去接儿子了。A. attracted吸引；B. considered 考虑；C.absorbed吸收;D.concentrated集中精力。固定短语be absored in,意为“专注于“。故选C项。4 . (2020石嘴山市第三中学月考)The boy was so clever that he could all the knowledge his teachertaught him.A. admireB. acknowledge C. admitD. absorb【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩很聪明，他

31、能吸收老师教给他的所有知识。A.钦佩；B.承认、 答谢；C.承认；D.吸收。这里表示“吸收知识”，故选D。考点6.suspect vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯adj.不可信的;靠不住的【例句研读】(l)They suspect him of giving false evidence.他们怀疑他提供伪证。(2)1 suspected that there is something wrong with the engine.我怀疑发动机出 了什么故障。【归纳拓展】suspect+sb./sth.怀疑某人或某事suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事suspect

32、sb.to be怀疑某人是suspect that(从句).怀疑【典例6】语法填空(2021 全国)The young man(suspect)of stealing money from that apartment and was arrested.【答案was suspected【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：那个年轻人被怀疑从那间公寓偷钱而被逮捕了。分析可知， 主语和suspect之间为被动关系，且事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填 was suspected oShe(suspect) that one of her three daughters

33、 - then ten, eight, and six had picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt.【答案】suspected【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她怀疑自己的三个女儿当时分别是1。岁、8岁和6岁中的一个捡 到了它，但女孩们说她们没有捡到。由后文的said可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 故填 suspectedTwo (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned.【答案】suspects【解析】考查名词。句意：与谋杀案有关系的两个嫌疑

34、犯现在正被审讯。分析句子可知，空格是主语，故 用名词suspect“嫌疑犯”，由two修饰用复数，故填suspectso(2020全国高三)(suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.【答案】Suspecting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:海关官员怀疑那位游客携带毒品，就拦住他并检查他的行李。the customs official和suspect之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作原因状语。故填Suspecting。1. (

35、2020全国)The drug(suspect)of causing over 200 deaths.【答案】is suspected【解析】考查被动语态。句意：该药物被怀疑导致了 200多人的死亡。句子叙述的是客观事实，用一般现 在时；主语the drug和suspect之间是是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态；因此用一般现在时的被动语 态。故填 is suspectedo(2020全国)He was arrested on(suspect)of murder.【答案】suspicion【解析】考查名词。句意：他因涉嫌谋杀而被捕。在介词on后应该是名词做介词宾语；suspect是动词，名 词

36、形式为 suspiciono 故填 suspicionoThey became(suspect)of his behaviour and contacted the police.【答案】suspicious【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们觉得他的行为可疑并联系了警察。分析句子可知，空前是系动词，空处 需填形容词，作表语。故填suspicious。2. (2020全国)HIt was perfectly all right,” he said, because the police(suspect)him of nothing.答案had suspected【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:“完全没

37、有问题，”他说，因为警察没有怀疑他。根据句意可知,所填词suspect(怀疑)”在句中谓语动词said发生之前，故应用过去完成时态，故填had suspected。3. It is reported that the award-winning work of New Concept Composition Competition Antique“ is suspected copying.一I cant believe the author should have made such a mistake.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：据悉，获奖作品新概念作文大赛“古董”涉嫌抄袭。一我真

38、不敢相信作者竟然 犯了这样的错误。此处是be suspected of固定短语，故填of。【变式】完成句子(1)1 began to(that) they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。(2)What made you her having taken the money?你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？The police arrested the yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。【答案】(1 )suspect(2)suspect； of (3)suspect单项选择(2019上海交大附中开学考试)Police on Saturda

39、y arrested a 21-year-old Texas man of opening firewith a rifle at a Wal-Mart store in El Paso, Texas.A. sustainedB. suspendedC. suspectedD. suspicious【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：周六，警方逮捕了一名21岁的德克萨斯男子，他涉嫌在 德克萨斯州埃尔帕索的沃尔玛商店用步枪开枪。A. sustained被保持；B. suspended被暂停；C. suspected被 怀疑；D. suspicious可疑的。根据句意可知，警察逮

40、捕了一个21岁的德克萨斯州人，由此可见，这个人被 警察怀疑了。选项C. suspected作为动词，在句中作定语，修饰名词man,和名词man之间是被动关系， 所以用过去分词suspected表示“被怀疑”的意思，符合句意。故选C。2.of being involved in the attempted murder, she was questioned by the police.A. Convinced B. SuspectedC. ChargedD. Confirmed【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。Convinced相信的，与介词of连用；suspected怀疑的，与介词of连

41、用；charged 控告，与介词with连用。句意：被怀疑参与了这次的谋杀案，她被警察询问了。根据句意说明B正确。3. (2019上海复旦附中期末)Some Western countries have long that Iran aims to create a nuclear bomb, but Teheran said the materials were only for civil use.重点短语1. put forward 提出2. draw a conclusion 得出结论3. expose.to 使显露；暴露4. linkto 将和联系或连接起来5. apart from

42、 除之外；此外6. make sense讲得通；有意义7. look into调查；研究8. at times 有时9. be against 反对10. (be) strict with 对严格的11. be to blame 应受责备12. with certainty 肯定地经典句型（高考书面表达必 备）1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而

43、成了照料维多利亚女王的私人 医生。2. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解对它的治疗。3. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered

44、to her house every day.一位从宽街搬来的女士如此喜欢水泵里的水以至于她让人每天把水泵里的水送到她家。必备语法动词的时态和语态2.语法基础知识动词的时态和语态主题语境：话题对社会有贡献的人（人与自我）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1.conclusion n.结论；结束【例句研读】（1） What conclusion did you come to?你得出 了什么结论?A. suspectedB. doubtedC. wonderedD. convinced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：一些西方国家长期怀疑

45、伊朗想要制造核弹，但是德黑兰（伊朗首都）称这 些材料只是民用的。A. suspected推测，怀疑（某事是真的）；B. doubted怀疑（某事是假的）；C. wondered 想知道；D. convinced深信。分析句子可知，西方国家怀疑伊朗用这些材料来制造核武器（这件事是真的）。 故选A项。考点7.blame以责备；谴责；把归咎于几.责怪；（过失、过错等）责任【例句研读】（l）Citizens are laying the blame on the government for acting too late.市民彳门谴责政府彳亍动太迟缓。（2）She blamed her parent

46、s for the failure of her marriage. =She blamed the failure of her marriage on her parents. 她把婚姻的失败归咎于自己的父母。【归纳拓展】blame sb for（doing）sth因（做）某事而指责某人blame sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人sb be to blame for （doing） sth 某人因（做）某事应该受到谴责bear/take the blame 承担责任put/lay the blame for sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人【温馨提示】to blame含有被动意义，

47、但不用to be blamed代替。如：I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.我认为孩子被惯坏了是你丈夫的责任。The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident that happened yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。【典例7】语法填空1. （2021 江苏无锡市）The mother didnt know who was（blame） fbr the broken glass as it happened while she was out.【答案1 to blame【解析】考查不定式和固定短语。句意：妈妈不知道谁该为打碎的玻璃负责，因为是在她出去的时候发生 的。be to blame for”为/对负责”是固定短语，根据句意，故填to blame。2.0n the contrary, think it is Truman, rather than you, that(be) to blame.【答案】is【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：相反的是，我