专题27 人与自然之地球与宇宙---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（练）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、人与自然之地球与宇宙(练)时间：50 满分：50分钟得分I .语法填空(每小题1分，共10分)The government took immediate measures and the disease was(prevent) from spreading.1. Our solar(system)has 8 planets.2. My new teacher is a very(gently)person.3. This area has a hot(climate).4. As everybody knows, smoking is(harm)to peoples health.5. He

2、 was involved in the(violence) fight last night and was arrested by the police.6. Some advertisements have no (pull) at all.7. This kind of plant only (existence) in Africa.8. The boss never shouts at his staff in the(present) of others.9. There is an (atmosphere) of peace and calm in the country, q

3、uite different from that of a big city. 【答案】1 prevented 2.system 3.gentle 4.climate 5.harmful 6.violent 7.pull 8.exists 9.presence 10.atmosphereH.阅读填空(每小题2分，共10分)(2021 海南省东方市琼西中学月考)When you look up at the bright stars in the nighttime sky, do you wonder whafs out there? Of course, your science teach

4、ers have taught you that there are stars, planets, and entire galaxies out there.1 . Man has walked on the Moon, but the Moon is fairly close to Earth when youre talking about outer space. How do scientists study the far reaches of the universe? Over the course of history, man has developed amazing

5、technology to help us see beyond our own planet into the vastness of our galaxy and even way beyond. 2.3. Using lenses and mirrors to see beyond Earths borders, telescopes gave scientists their first glimpse of what exists beyond Earths atmosphere.What scientists were able to learn with telescopes p

6、aved the way for manned space exploration. From trips to the Moon to dozens of manned space shuttle flights, teams of humans were able to travel in space and conduct research on a variety of scientific subjects.生_ The more we learn about outer space, the more we realize how much more there is to exp

7、lore. This has led scientists to develop even more powerful tools to help them explore the way beyond the places we can go as humans.For example, the telescope is no longer an Earth-bound instrument. In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into outer space. 5. With many different cameras an

8、d types of scientific instruments, it has provided scientists with invaluable data.A. Who tells us about it?B , But how do we know this?C. Scientists have always been curious.D. Its a piece of technology thafs powered by sunlight.E. Its a tool fbr scientists to explore the universe without difficult

9、y.F. One of the earliest tools for space exploration was the telescope.G. This technology takes the form of some impressive machines and tools.【答案】1. B2. G3. F4. C5. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们是如何探索太阳系的，以及科学技术手段的发展。1. 上文“your science teachers have taught you that there are stars, planets, and entire g

10、alaxies out there （你们的科 学老师教过你们，外面有恒星、行星和整个星系厂指出，老师已经教过我们有关宇宙的知识，设空处承上启 下，下文“How do scientists study the far reaches of the universe?（科学家们如何研究遥远的宇宙）”表达出作者 对科学家们如何研究遥远的宇宙十分感兴趣，想弄明白我们是如何得知有关宇宙的知识。B项“但是我们是 怎么知道的呢？ ”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。2. 上文“Over the course of history, man has developed amazing technology to

11、 help us see beyond our own planet into the vastness of our galaxy and even way beyond.（在历史的长河中，人类已经发展出了惊人的技术，帮助 我们看到地球之外浩瀚的银河系，甚至更远的地方户指出，随着科技的发展，已经有技术可以让我们了解宇 宙，甚至更远的地方。G项“这项技术采用了一些令人印象深刻的机器和工具的形式。”承接上文，符合文意， 且G项中的“technology”与上文一致。故选G项。3. 下文“Using lenses and mirrors to see beyond Earths borders,

12、telescopes gave scientists their first glimpse of what exists beyond Earths atmosphere.（通过透镜和镜子观察地球之外的世界，望远镜让科学家们第一次看到 了地球大气层之外的世界户指出，望远镜的大用途，可以让我们了解宇宙。F项“最早的太空探索工具之一 是望远镜。引出下文，符合段意，且F项中的“telescope与下文一致。故选F项。4. 通过上文“conduct research on a variety of scientific subjects （对各种科学课题进行研究）以及下文“The more we l

13、earn about outer space, the more we realize how much more there is to explore.（我们对夕卜太空了解得越多， 就越意识到还有更多的东西需要探索）”可知，对于地球之外的外太空，人类一直在研究探索，并且了解的越 多，就越想探索更多。C项“科学家们一直都很好奇。”指出科学家们探索外太空的原因之一，承上启下，符 合文意。故选C项。5. 通过上文“In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into outer space. (1990 年，哈勃太空望远镜被 发射到外太空户可

14、推知，哈勃太空望远镜在外太空中无法使用电，只能依靠太阳能运行。D项”这是一项由 阳光提供动力的技术。”承接上文，进一步解释说明了哈勃太空望远镜的工作原理，符合文意。故选D项。 III.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)(2021 .福建南平.高三月考)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yang Liwei was 38 years old when he went to space on the Shenzhou V, _L_ (make) China the third country to master manned space capabilities.I

15、n his article, Yang recalled several breathtaking 2. (moment). He said, When the rocket lifted to a height of about 30-40 kilometers, I felt it began to vibrate(振动)3. (violent), and it was extremely painful.Vibrations in the spacecraft below 10 Hz can damage internal organs, and even threaten a pers

16、ons life. The near-deadly moment lasted for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, Yang felt like he had been reborn.Yang also described mysterious knocking sounds from outside the craft. He still doesnt know where they came from. He also described 4 his city looked like from space. “I flew over Beij

17、ing and saw the mountains in the daytime and sparkling(闪烁的)lights 5, night. And there live my friends and my 6, (love) ones.After his return, Yang reported the 7. (normal) vibrations to scientists, who solved the issue before the Shenzhou VPs launch. So far, a number of new technologies 8. (apply) t

18、o the core cabin(核心月仓)，Eighteen years after his first trip to space, Yang said with a smile he even “envied 9. (he) fellow spacemen who now have such comfortable space accommodations, 10. show how Chinas space program has grown.【答案】1. making2. moments3. violently4. what5. at6. Ioved7. abnormal8. hav

19、e been applied9. hislO. which 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了宇航员杨利伟在他的文章中回忆火箭发射时，宇航员所承受的压力以及 他在太空中的感受。1 .考查非谓语动词。句意：当杨利伟乘坐神舟5号进入太空时，他38岁。使中国成为第三个掌握载人太空 技术的国家。根据句意，本空要用make的现在分词形式作状语。故填making。2 .考查名词单复数。句意：在文章中，杨利伟回忆了几次激动人心的时刻。根据前面的several可知，此 处moment要用复数形式。故填momentso.考查副词。句意：当火箭进入到大约39-40千米的高空时，我感觉它在猛烈地振动。这是极端得痛苦。

20、本空要用副词violently修饰动词vibrate o故填violently o.考查名词性从句。句意：他也描述了从太空看到的北京城的样子。described后面是个宾语从句，从句中 的like后面缺少宾语，所以要用what引导。故填what。3 .考查介词。句意：我飞越北京上空时，在白天，我看见山；在晚上，我看见灯光闪烁。at night是常见结 构，意为“在晚上”。故填at。4 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里住着我的朋友和我所爱的人们。此处loved意为“被爱的”作定语，修饰 oneso 故填 loved o.考查形容词。句意：返回地面以后，他向科学家汇报了这种不正常的振动，在神舟6号发

21、射前，科学家 解决了这个问题。空处需填形容词作定语，abnormal是normal的反义词，是形容词，表达：不正常，故填 abnormal o.考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，许多新的技术已经被应用到核心舱。根据本句前面的So far可知， 此处要用现在完成时。而且technologies和apply之间构成了被动关系，所以本空要用现在完成时的被动语 态。故填 have been appliedo.考查代词。句意：杨利伟微笑着说。他甚至嫉妒他现在的同伴有如此舒适的太空住宿条件。his fellow spacemen意为“他的同行们“。故填his。5 .考查定语从句。句意：这表明中国的太空项目

22、已经取得了很大的进展。此处引导一个非限制性定语从句， 先行词是space accommodations,指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。IV.应用文写作（15分）（2020江苏扬州高三月考）2020年12月19日上午，学校组织全体同学在电视上观看了嫦娥五号工程月球 样本交接仪式，同学们观看后心潮澎湃，倍感自豪，决心认真学习，今后报效祖国,o请你为校报英文 专栏写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：1 .观看时间、方式、内容；.同学们的感想。注意：1 .写作词数应为80左右；.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。Students Watching Change 5 Samples

23、 Handover【答案】Students watching Change 5 samples handed-overAll the students in our school watched the live broadcast of Change 5 samples being handed over for researchon the morning of 19th December 2020, Saturday. Scientists are reported to carry out the storage, analysis and research of the countr

24、ys first samples from the moon.Every boy and every girl is inspired and encouraged, feeling proud of our great country. They are determined to work heart and soul from now on and contribute to our motherland in the future. （80 words）【解析】本文是一篇应用文，要求写一篇关于嫦娥五号工程月球样本交接仪式的观后感。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过

25、去时和一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1 .观看时间、方式、内容；.同学们的感想。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）broadcast; hand over; carry out; feel proud of; contribute to第三步：连词成句All the students in our school watched the live broadcast of Change 5 samples being handed over fbr research on the morning of 19th December 20

26、20, Saturday.1. Scientists are reported to carry out the storage, analysis and research of the countrys first samples from the moon.2. Every boy and every girl is inspired and encouraged, feeling proud of our great country.3. They are determined to work heart and soul from now on and contribute to o

27、ur motherland in the future.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1 .表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover （供参考）.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but （供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型 1 Scientists are reported to carry out the storage, analysis and research of the countrys first samples from the moon.（运用了被动语态）高分句型 2 Every boy and every girl is inspired and encouraged, feeling proud of our great country.（运用 了现在 分词作状语）