论语英文版The Analects of Confucius.docx

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1、CHAPTER IIs it not a delight, said the Master, to acquire knowledge and put it into practice? Is it not a pleasure to meet friends coming from afar? Is he not an intelligentleman, who is careless alike of being known or unknown?1.1. Few who respect their parents and their elders, said Master You, wo

2、uld do anything against their superiors. None who do nothing against their superiors would rise in revolt. An intelligentleman should be fundamentally good. A fundamentally good man will behave in the right way. Respect for ones parents and elder brothers is the fundamental quality for a good man.1.

3、2. A good man, said the Master, would rarely say what he does not believe, or pretend to appear better than he is.1.3. I ask myself, said Master Zeng, three questions everyday. In dealing with others, have I not thought of their interests? In making friends, have my deeds not agreed with my words? I

4、n teaching students, have I not put into practice what I teach them?1.4. In a country of a thousand war-chariots, said the Master, the ruler should be respectful in deed and faithful in word, thrifty in expenditure and affectionate towards the people and tell them to labor at the proper times of the

5、 year.1.5. A young man, said the Master, should be filial at home and respectful abroad, cautious and trustworthy, affectionate towards all and intimate with the good. If he has time to spare when his duties are done, he may use it to learn arts.1.6. If a man, said Zi Xia, loves virtue above beauty,

6、 does his best to serve his parents, devotes his life to the service of the prince and keeps his words in making friends, though he is not learned as people may say, I will say he is cultured.1.7. An intelligentleman, said the Master, should not be frivolous, or he would lack solemnity in his behavi

7、or and solidity in his learning. He should be truthful and faithful, and befriend his equals. He should not be afraid of admitting and amending his faults.1.8. If a ruler regrets the death of his parents, said Master Zeng, and never forgets his ancestors, then people would follow him in doing good.1

8、.9. Zi You said to Zi Gong, When our Master comes to a country, he would make inquiry into the way how the state is governed. Is the inquiry made on invitation or on his own initiative? Zi Gong said, Our Master makes inquiry in a good way, moderate and temperate, modest and humble. Is it not differe

9、nt from other ways of inquiry? What matters if it is made on invitation or on his own initiative?Judge a man by what he will do to his father who is alive, said the Master, and by what he has done to his father who is dead. A son who does not alter his fathers ways three years after the fathers deat

10、h may be called filial.1.10. In performing the rites, said Master You, propriety is important. That is the fair way how former kings dealt with matters great or small. But it will not do to observe propriety without the regulation of the rites.1.11. If you make a promise, said Master You, in accorda

11、nce with what is right, your promise can be carried out. If you respect a man in accordance with the rites, you will be far from dishonor. If you are not discredited by your kin, you will be reliable.1.12. An intelligentleman, said the Master, eats to live, and not lives to eat. He may dwell in comf

12、ort, but not seek comfort in dwelling. He should be prompt in action and cautious inA man should live an honest life, said the Master. It is by luckthat a dishonest man can escape punishment.6.19. To know the truth is good, said the Master, to love it is better,and to delight in it is best. (To unde

13、rstand is good, to enjoy isbetter and to delight is best.)We may talk about what goes beyond the understanding oft he average, said the Master, with those who are above mediocrity,not with those who are below.6.20. When Fan Chi asked about wisdom, the Master said, “A wiseman should do what is good f

14、or the people, respect spiritualbeings and keep away from them. When asked about a goodman, the Master said, “A good man will do hard work before hereaps. So may he be called a good man.”The wise, said the Master, delight in water while the gooddelight in mountains. The wise love mobility while the

15、good lovetranquillity. The wise live happy while the good live long.6.21. After reformation, said the Master, the strong state of Qimight advance to a moral state, and the moral state of Lu mightadvance to an ideal state.6.22. The wine cup, said the Master, looks unlike a cup. Can it becalled a cup?

16、 Can it be called a cup?6.23. Zai Wo asked whether a good man, when told another manwas fallen into a well, should go down after him. The Master said, “Why should he go down? A good man might be told to go nearthe well, but not to go into it. He might be deceived, but notbefooled/*A cultured man, sa

17、id the Master, if wide read in literature andrestrained by the rites, would not overstep what is right.6.24. When Zi Lu was displeased with the Masters visit to the beautiful but ill-famed Princess Nan Zi, the Master swore, “If I haddone anything wrong, may Heaven reject me! May Heaven rejectme! ”Ho

18、w useful is the Golden Middle Way! said the Master. It isthe highest virtue, but it has not been followed for a long time.6.25. Zi Gong asked whether it could be called virtue to do good topeople and benefit them. The Master said, It is more than virtue; itis the accomplishment of a sage. Even the e

19、arliest emperors couldnot boast of such accomplishment. What is virtue? To establishothers as you would establish yourself, and help others to developas you would help yourself to. To judeg of others by what is inyourself, that is the way towards virtue.CHAPTER VIII narrate, said the Master, but not

20、 create. I believe and delightin the ancients, and make bold to compare myself to the OldMaster.7.1. If I can learn by heart, said the Master, not tired of learning norof teaching, what more shall I need?7.2. Virtue uncultivated, said the Master, knowledge unpropagated,the right undone, and the wron

21、g unrighted, these are my worries.7.3. Unoccupied, the Master took it easy and looked pleased.7.4. How decrepit have I grown! said the Master. For long have Inot dreamed of the sage.7.5. Aim at truth, said the Master, depend on virtue, rely on thegood and delight in the arts.7.6. I would teach, said

22、 the Master, any student above fifteen whowould bring me a bundle of dried flesh.7.7. I will not instruct, said the Master, those who are not eager tolearn, nor enlighten those who are not anxious to discover. If Ishow a man one corner of the table and he cannot infer the otherthree, I will not repe

23、at the lesson.7.8. Taking a meal by the side of a mourner, the Master wouldnever eat to the full.7.9. The Master would not sing after he had wept at a funeral.7.10. The Master said to Yan Hui, “Ride when employed and hidewhen unemployed, that is what you and I would do, Zi Lu askedthe Master, “Who w

24、ould you employ if you were in command ofthree armies? The Master said, I would not employ one whowould fight a tiger with bare hands or cross a river with broken legsand die without regret and remorse. I would employ oneconsiderate when confronted with difficulties, and deliberate whenaccomplishing

25、 a task.If wealth is attainable, said the Master, I would condescend tobe a gate-keeper of the market. With wealth unattainable, I woulddo what I like.7.11. The Master was cautious before the sacrifice, in war and insickness.7.12. Hearing the music of succession in Qi, the Master did notknow the tas

26、te of meat for three months, saying, “I did not realizethat music could have been so delicious.Ran You said, “Is our Master on the side of the Prince of Weiwho contended for the throne with his father? Zi Gong said, uldo not know. I will ask him. Coming in, he asked the Master, “What do you think of

27、 the two Yin brothers who yielded thecrown?” The Master said, “They were two worthy ancients/* ZiGong asked, “Did they regret? The Master said, “They soughtto be worthy men. Why should they regret? Coming out, Zi Gongsaid, “Our Master is not on the side of the Prince.”7.13. There is delight, said th

28、e Master, in plain food and water whilepillowing the head on the arm. I would keep ill-gotten wealth andrank as far away as floating cloud.7.14. Give me a few more years, said the Master, to study the Bookof Change after fifty, I may be free from error.7.15. The Master used fine language in reading

29、Poetry and History.and in performing the rites. All these are written in fine language.7.16. The Duke of She asked Zi Lu about Confucius. Zi Lu made noreply. Then the Master said, Why did you not tell him that I am aman who forgets his hunger while thirsty for knowledge, andneglects his sorrow while

30、 drowned in delight so as not to perceivethe coming of old age? ” 7.20. I was not born with innate knowledge, said the Master. Fondof history, I am eager in pursuit of the experience accumulated in it.7.21. The Master never talked of monstuosity, violence, disturbenceand divinity.7.22. When three me

31、n walk together, said the Master, there mustbe one worthy to be my teacher. I will choose what is good in himto follow, and avoid what is not good.7.23. I have the innate virtue in me, said the Master. What have I tofear for the Minister of War?7.24. Two or three of you, said the Master, may think I

32、 have secretfrom you. In fact, I have no secret at all. I have done nothing whichl should keep secret from you. Otherwise, how could I be myself?7.25. The Master taught four things: culture, conduct, faithfulnessand trustworthiness.1.1. .1 cannot hope, said the Master, to see a sage, but only acultu

33、red man, nor can I hope to see a man of men, but only aconsistent one. A consistent man will not take nothing forsomething, nor the empty for the full, nor the poor for the rich.Otherwise, he cannot be called a consistent man.7.27. The Master fished with a line, but not with a net. He shot atbirds,

34、but not at roosting ones.7.28. There are those, said the Master, who do what they do notunderstand. but I am not among the number. I would learn againand again and choose and follow what is good and bear it in mind.Knowledge acquired is only next to innate gift.7.29. The people of Hu Village were di

35、fficult to approach. One daywhen a young man of Hu Village came for an interview with theMaster, the disciples doubted whether he should be accepted. TheMaster said, “When a man comes forward, he is welcome. Whenhe retrogrades, we should not go backwards with him. Be not tooparticular! A purified ma

36、n is acceptable. Let bygones be bygones!Are we far from benevolence? said the Master. If we wish tobe benevolent, then benevolence is within our reach.7.30. When the Minister of Crime of the State of Chen askedwhether Duke Zhao of Lu knew the ritual system, Confuciusanswered, “Yes. When Confucius wi

37、thdrew, the Ministermotioned Wuma Qi to come forward and said to him, “I haveheard that an intelligentleman should not be partial. How couldyour Master be partial to Duke Zhao who married a daughter oft he same clan but called her a different name? If the Duke knewthe ritual system, then who does no

38、t?” Wuma Qi told this to theMaster, who said, uHow fortunate I am! When I have made amistake, the people are sure to know it.When the Master liked a song, he would make the singerrepeat it and then sang it together with him.7.31. In word, said the Master, perhaps I am no better than others.ln deed,

39、I dare not say that I am an accomplished intelligentleman.7.32. The Master said, “The sage and his benevolence are beyondme. What I claim is only the untiring effort to learn and to teach. Gongxi Hua said, “That is just what we disciples are incapable of.When the Master was very ill, Zi Lu asked lea

40、ve to pray forhim. The Master said, “Did the ancients pray? Zi Lu said, “Yes, itis said in the Book of Prayer that we may pray to the divinitiesabove and below. The Master said, uThen I have been prayingfor a long time/7.33. Extravagance, said the Master, leads to insubordination, andfrugality to ob

41、stinacy. But it would be far better to be obstinatethan to be insubordinate.7.34. An intelligentleman, said the Master, is carefree while anuncultured man is careworn.7.35. The Master was mild but firm, dignified but unaggressive,respectful but equanimous.CHAPTER VIIITai Bo, said the Master, might b

42、e said to have the highestvirtue, for he had thrice renounced the throne. He was beyond thepraise of the people.1.1. Beyond propriety, said the Master, respect would lead to laborlost, caution to timidity, courage to violence, and even franknesswould hurt. If cultured men are affectionate to their k

43、ins, thenpeople will be inspired to do good. If old friends are not forgotten,then people will not be negligent.1.2. When Master Zeng was ill, he summoned his disciples aroundhim and said, uUncover my feet and uncover my hands!lt is said inthe Book of Poetry: Be careful as if you did stand On the br

44、ink ofthe gulf of vice Or tread upon the ice! From now on,I need not beso careful, my young friends.When Master Zeng was ill, Meng Jing Zi came to inquire afterhim. Master Zeng said, “When a bird is about to die, its song ismournful. When a man is about to die, what he saysis good. Inperforming the

45、rites, a cultured man will pay attention to threethings: how to look inoffensive and respectful,appear trustworthy,and be free from vulgarity in speech. As to sacrificial service, he willleave it to officials in charge.Master Zeng said, The capable may consult the incapable,the possessor of much may

46、 consult those of little; those who havemay appear to have not, those who are full may appear empty; aman may take no care even when he is offended. Such was the wayof one of my former friends.1.3. Master Zeng said, Is he not an intelligentleman who can beentrusted with a helpless orphan prince and

47、the fate of a state, andwho dare to face danger without fear? Yes, he is.” 8.7. Master Zeng said, “An intellectual should be strong andsteady, for his duty is heavy and his journey will be long. Is it not aheavy duty to be a man of men? Is his journey not long which willnot end until his death? ”A m

48、an, said the Master, may be inspired by poetry, establishedin performing the rites, and perfected by music.1.8. The common people, said the Master, may be made to follow,but not to understand the reason why.1.9. If a daring man, said the Master, suffers from poverty, he willdisobey the order. If he

49、hates to excess those who are unkind, hewill rise in revolt.1.10. If a man, said the Master, is arrogant and narrow-minded,what could we learn from him even if he is gifted as the Duke ofZhou?1.11. It is not easy, said the Master, to find one who has studied forthree years without thinking of reward.1.12. Be firm in belief and fond of learning, said the Master. Do notfear to die for truth. Do not enter a tottering state nor dwell in onein d